Sarmazenil

Sarmazenil
Clinical data

AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
ATCvet code	QV03AB91 (WHO)
Identifiers
IUPAC name Ethyl 7-chloro-5-methyl-6-oxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate
CAS Number	78771-13-8^Y
PubChem (CID)	71231
ChemSpider	64366^N
UNII	F84AE7X24P^Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL46547^N
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₁₅H₁₄ClN₃O₃
Molar mass	319.743 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES CCOC(=O)C1=C2CN(C(=O)C3=C(N2C=N1)C=CC=C3Cl)C
InChI InChI=1S/C15H14ClN3O3/c1-3-22-15(21)13-11-7-18(2)14(20)12-9(16)5-4-6-10(12)19(11)8-17-13/h4-6,8H,3,7H2,1-2H3^N Key:WSDBAFQWNWJTNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N^N
^NY (what is this?) (verify)

Sarmazenil (Ro15-3505) is a drug from the benzodiazepine family. It acts as a partial inverse agonist of benzodiazepine receptors,^[1] meaning that it causes the opposite effects to most benzodiazepine drugs, and instead acts as an anxiogenic and convulsant. It is used in veterinary medicine to reverse the effects of benzodiazepine sedative drugs in order to rapidly re-awaken anesthetized animals.^[2]^[3]^[4]

References

↑ López-Romero B; Evrard G; Durant F; Sevrin M; George P (1998). "Molecular structure and stereoelectronic properties of sarmazenil--a weak inverse agonist at the omega modulatory sites (benzodiazepine receptors): comparison with bretazenil and flumazenil". Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry. 6 (10): 1745–57. doi:10.1016/S0968-0896(98)00117-5. PMID 9839004.
↑ Henke J; Roberts U; Otto K; Lendl C; Matis U; Brill T; Erhardt W (1996). "Clinical investigations of an i.m. combination anesthesia with fentanyl / climazolam / xylazine and postoperative i.v. antagonism with naloxone / sarmazenil / yohimbine in guinea pigs". Tierärztliche Praxis (in German). 24 (1): 85–7. PMID 8720962.
↑ Janovsky M; Tataruch F; Ambuehl M; Giacometti M (2000). "A Zoletil-Rompun mixture as an alternative to the use of opioids for immobilization of feral red deer". Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 36 (4): 663–9. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-36.4.663. PMID 11085427.
↑ Walzer C; Huber C (2002). "Partial antagonism of tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia in cheetah". Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 38 (2): 468–72. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-38.2.468. PMID 12038151.

Benzodiazepines

1,4-Benzodiazepines	2-Oxoquazepam 3-Hydroxyphenazepam Bromazepam Camazepam Carburazepam Chlordiazepoxide Cinazepam Cinolazepam Clonazepam Clorazepate Cyprazepam Delorazepam Demoxepam Desmethylflunitrazepam Devazepide* Diazepam Diclazepam Doxefazepam Elfazepam Ethyl carfluzepate Ethyl dirazepate Ethyl loflazepate Flubromazepam Fletazepam Fludiazepam Flunitrazepam Flurazepam Flutemazepam Flutoprazepam Fosazepam Gidazepam Halazepam Iclazepam Irazepine Kenazepine Ketazolam Lorazepam Lormetazepam Lufuradom* Meclonazepam Medazepam Menitrazepam Metaclazepam Motrazepam N-Desalkylflurazepam Nifoxipam Nimetazepam Nitrazepam Nitrazepate Nordazepam Nortetrazepam Oxazepam Phenazepam Pinazepam Pivoxazepam Prazepam Proflazepam Quazepam QH-II-66 Reclazepam RO4491533* Ro5-4864* Sulazepam Temazepam Tetrazepam Tifluadom* Tolufazepam Triflunordazepam Tuclazepam Uldazepam

1,5-Benzodiazepines	Arfendazam Clobazam CP-1414S Lofendazam Triflubazam

2,3-Benzodiazepines*	Girisopam GYKI-52466 GYKI-52895 Nerisopam Talampanel Tofisopam

Triazolobenzodiazepines	Adinazolam Alprazolam Clonazolam Estazolam Flubromazolam Nitrazolam Pyrazolam Triazolam

Imidazobenzodiazepines	Bretazenil Climazolam EVT-201 FG-8205 Flumazenil Imidazenil ¹²³I-Iomazenil L-655,708 Loprazolam Midazolam PWZ-029 Remimazolam Ro15-4513 Ro48-6791 Ro48-8684 Ro4938581 Sarmazenil SH-053-R-CH3-2′F

Oxazolobenzodiazepines	Cloxazolam Flutazolam Haloxazolam Mexazolam Oxazolam

Thienodiazepines	Bentazepam Clotiazepam

Thienotriazolodiazepines	Brotizolam Ciclotizolam Deschloroetizolam Etizolam Israpafant* JQ1* Metizolam

Thienobenzodiazepines*	Olanzapine Telenzepine

Pyridodiazepines	Lopirazepam

Pyridotriazolodiazepines	Zapizolam

Pyrazolodiazepines	Razobazam* Ripazepam Zolazepam Zomebazam Zometapine*

Pyrrolodiazepines	Premazepam

Tetrahydroisoquinobenzodiazepines	Clazolam

Pyrrolobenzodiazepines*	Anthramycin

Benzodiazepine prodrugs	Avizafone Rilmazafone

* atypical activity profile (not GABA_A receptor ligands)

GABAergics

Receptor
(ligands)

GABA_A

Agonists	(+)-Catechin Bamaluzole Barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital) BL-1020 DAVA Dihydromuscimol GABA Gabamide GABOB Gaboxadol (THIP) Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS) Ibotenic acid iso-THAZ iso-THIP Isoguvacine Isomuscimol Isonipecotic acid Kojic amine Lignans (e.g., honokiol) Monastrol Muscimol Neuroactive steroids (e.g., allopregnanolone) Org 20599 Phenibut Picamilon P4S Progabide Propofol Quisqualamine SL-75102 TACA TAMP Terpenoids (e.g., borneol) Thiomuscimol Tolgabide ZAPA

PAMs	(Abridged; see here for a full list): α-EMTBL Alcohols (e.g., ethanol) Anabolic steroids Avermectins (e.g., ivermectin) Barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital) Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam) Bromide compounds (e.g., potassium bromide) Carbamates (e.g., meprobamate) Carbamazepine Chloralose Chlormezanone Clomethiazole Dihydroergolines (e.g., ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine)) Etazepine Etifoxine Fenamates (e.g., mefenamic acid) Flavonoids (e.g., apigenin, hispidulin) Fluoxetine Flupirtine Imidazoles (e.g., etomidate) Kava constituents (e.g., kavain) Lanthanum Loreclezole Monastrol Neuroactive steroids (e.g., allopregnanolone, cholesterol) Niacin Nicotinamide (niacinamide) Nonbenzodiazepines (e.g., β-carbolines (e.g., abecarnil), cyclopyrrolones (e.g., zopiclone), imidazopyridines (e.g., zolpidem), pyrazolopyrimidines (e.g., zaleplon)) Norfluoxetine Petrichloral Phenols (e.g., propofol) Phenytoin Piperidinediones (e.g., glutethimide) Propanidid Pyrazolopyridines (e.g., etazolate) Quinazolinones (e.g., methaqualone) Retigabine (ezogabine) ROD-188 Skullcap constituents (e.g., baicalin) Stiripentol Sulfonylalkanes (e.g., sulfonmethane (sulfonal)) Topiramate Valerian constituents (e.g., valerenic acid) Volatiles/gases (e.g., chloral hydrate, chloroform, diethyl ether, paraldehyde, sevoflurane)

Antagonists	Bicuculline Coriamyrtin Dihydrosecurinine Gabazine (SR-95531) Hydrastine Hyenachin (mellitoxin) PHP-501 Pitrazepin Securinine Sinomenine SR-42641 SR-95103 Thiocolchicoside Tutin

NAMs	1,3M1B 3M2B 11-Ketoprogesterone 17-Phenylandrostenol α5IA (LS-193,268) β-CCB β-CCE β-CCM β-CCP β-EMGBL Anabolic steroids Amiloride Anisatin β-Lactams (e.g., penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems) Basmisanil Bemegride Bilobalide CHEB Cicutoxin Cloflubicyne Cyclothiazide DHEA DHEA-S Dieldrin (+)-DMBB DMCM DMPC EBOB Etbicyphat FG-7142 (ZK-31906) Fiproles (e.g., fipronil) Flavonoids (e.g., amentoflavone, oroxylin A) Flumazenil Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin) Flurothyl Furosemide Iomazenil (¹²³I) Isoallopregnanolone Isopregnanolone (sepranolone) L-655,708 Laudanosine Leptazol Lindane MaxiPost Morphine Morphine-3-glucuronide MRK-016 Naloxone Naltrexone Nicardipine Non-steroidal antiandrogens (e.g., apalutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide) Oenanthotoxin Pentetrazol (metrazol) Phenylsilatrane Picrotoxin (i.e., picrotin and picrotoxinin) Pregnenolone sulfate Propybicyphat PWZ-029 Radequinil Ro 15-4513 Ro 19-4603 RO4882224 RO4938581 Sarmazenil SCS Suritozole TB-21007 TBOB TBPS TCS-1105 Terbequinil TETS Thujone U-93631 Zinc ZK-93426

GABA_A-ρ

Agonists	BL-1020 CACA CAMP Homohypotaurine GABA GABOB Ibotenic acid Isoguvacine Muscimol N⁴-Chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside Picamilon Progabide TACA TAMP Thiomuscimol Tolgabide

PAMs	Allopregnanolone Alphaxolone ATHDOC Lanthanides

Antagonists	(S)-2-MeGABA (S)-4-ACPBPA (S)-4-ACPCA 2-MeTACA 3-APMPA 4-ACPAM 4-GBA cis-3-ACPBPA CGP-36742 (SGS-742) DAVA Gabazine (SR-95531) Gaboxadol (THIP) I4AA Isonipecotic acid Loreclezole P4MPA P4S SKF-97541 SR-95318 SR-95813 TPMPA trans-3-ACPBPA ZAPA

NAMs	5α-Dihydroprogesterone Bilobalide Loreclezole Picrotoxin (picrotin, picrotoxinin) Pregnanolone ROD-188 THDOC Zinc

GABA_B

Agonists	1,4-Butanediol Aceburic acid Arbaclofen Arbaclofen placarbil Baclofen BL-1020 GABA Gabamide GABOB GBL GHB GHBAL GHV GVL Isovaline Lesogaberan Phenibut Picamilon Progabide Sodium oxybate SKF-97,541 SL 75102 Tolgabide Tolibut

Antagonists	2-Hydroxysaclofen CGP-35348 CGP-46381 CGP-52432 CGP-54626 CGP-55845 CGP-64213 DAVA Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS) Phaclofen Saclofen SCH-50911 SKF-97541

NAMs	Compound 14

PAMs	ADX-71441 BHF-177 BHFF BSPP CGP-7930 CGP-13501 GS-39783 rac-BHFF

Transporter
(blockers)

GAT	4-Aminovaleric acid β-Alanine Arecaidine CI-966 DABA Deramciclane (EGIS-3886, EGYT-3886) EF-1502 Gabaculine Guvacine Ibotenic acid Muscimol Nipecotic acid NNC 05-2090 NO-711 Riluzole SKF-89976A SNAP-5114 TACA Tiagabine

VIAAT	β-Alanine Bafilomycin A1 Chicago sky blue 6B Evans blue GABA Glycine N-Butyric acid Nigericin Nipecotic acid Valinomycin Vigabatrin

Enzyme
(inhibitors)

GAD	3-Mercaptopropionic acid AAOA L-Allylglycine Semicarbazide

GABA-T	3-Hydrazinopropionic acid γ-Acetylenic-GABA AOAA EOS Gabaculine Isoniazid L-Cycloserine Phenelzine PEH Rosmarinic acid (lemon balm) Sodium valproate Valnoctamide Valproate pivoxil Valproate semisodium (divalproex sodium) Valproic acid Valpromide Vigabatrin

Others

Precursors	1,4-Butanediol GHB GHBAL Glutamate Glutamine

Analogues	Pregabalin 4-Methylpregabalin Atagabalin Gabapentin Gabapentin enacarbil Imagabalin Mirogabalin PD-200,347 PD-217,014 PD-299,685 Phenibut

Others	Vitamin B₆ GABA-T activators: 3-Methyl-GABA

See also: GHBergics • Glutamatergics • Glycinergics

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