Liverpool Walton by-election, 1991

The Liverpool Walton by-election was held on 4 July 1991, following the death of the Labour Party Member of Parliament Eric Heffer for Liverpool Walton, on 27 May.

The constituency had become a safe Labour seat under Heffer, who was known as being on the left of the party and a member of the Campaign Group. The Trotskyist Militant group, using entryist tactics was working within the Labour Party, and had gained control of Liverpool City Council in 1982. The city had become a significant base for the group.

When Heffer announced his retirement, Lesley Mahmood, a "Broad Left" councillor and a member of Militant, stood for the Labour nomination. Peter Kilfoyle, who had been the Labour Party organiser in the city since 1985, gained the nomination by a narrow margin; he had been involved in removing Militant influence from the Liverpool Labour Party.^[1] Mahmood stood as a "Walton Real Labour" candidate.

Several other candidates stood. The Liberal Democrat candidate was Paul Clark, a local councillor who had been the Liberal Party candidate in the 1987 general election. The Conservatives, who had little support in the constituency, although they had held it until 1964, stood Berkeley Greenwood. Screaming Lord Sutch stood for the Official Monster Raving Loony Party, and George Lee-Delisle stood on a platform advocating proportional representation.

Kilfoyle was able to win the election, taking a majority of the votes cast (53.1%), although 11.3% down on Heffer's result in the previous general election. The Liberal Democrats gained from the division in the Labour Party and increased their vote to come second. Mahmood was only able to take a distant third place with 6.5% of the vote. The Conservatives were beaten into fourth, for the first time in Britain since the Bermondsey by-election, 1983, and lost their deposit. They did not place fourth in an English by-election again until the Hartlepool by-election, 2004.

Kilfoyle held the seat at the 1992 general election and at each subsequent election, eventually standing down at the 2010 general election..

Some of Militant's leaders, Ted Grant and Rob Sewell, had remained convinced of the merits of entryism and argued privately against Mahmood standing.^[2] The candidacy was part of the process in Militant's rejection of entryism, or as they saw it, their open turn, and the expulsion of Grant leading to a split in the group.

Liverpool Walton by-election, 1991^[3]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Peter Kilfoyle	21,317	53.1	−11.3
	Liberal Democrat	Paul Clark	14,457	36.0	+14.8
	Walton Real Labour	Lesley Mahmood	2,613	6.5	N/A
	Conservative	Berkeley Greenwood	1,155	2.9	−11.5
	Monster Raving Loony	Screaming Lord Sutch	546	1.4	N/A
	Independent	George Lee-Delisle	63	0.1	N/A
Majority			6,860	17.1	−26.1
Turnout
	Labour hold		Swing

General Election 1987: Liverpool Walton^[4]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Labour	Eric Heffer	34,661	64.4
	Liberal	Paul Clark	11,408	21.2
	Conservative	I. Mays	7,738	14.4
Majority			23,253	43.2
Turnout				73.6
	Labour hold		Swing

References

↑ Andy McSmith Faces of Labour: The Inside Story, London: Verso, 1996, p.115
↑ Taaffe, P. (1995) The Rise of Militant Militant Publications: London p.437
↑ Boothroyd, David. "Results of Byelections in the 1987-92 Parliament". United Kingdom Election Results. Retrieved 2015-10-01.
↑ UK General Election results: June 1987

By-elections in Liverpool

1832–1885	Liverpool, 1842 Liverpool, 1853 Liverpool, 1855 Liverpool, 1873 Liverpool, 1874 Liverpool February 1880 Liverpool, August 1880 Liverpool, 1882

1885–1900	Walton, 1886 Exchange, 1887 West Derby, 1888 Everton, 1892 West Derby, 1893 East Toxteth, 1895 Exchange, 1897 Kirkdale, 1898

1900–1918	East Toxteth, 1902 West Derby, 1903 Everton, 1905 Kirkdale, 1907 Kirkdale, 1910 Kirkdale, 1915 East Toxteth, 1916 Abercromby, 1917

1918–1945	West Derby, 1919 Exchange, 1922 Edge Hill, 1923 West Toxteth, 1924 Scotland, 1929 East Toxteth, 1929 Wavertree, 1931 East Toxteth, 1931 Exchange, 1933 West Derby, 1935 Wavertree, 1935 West Toxteth, 1935

1945–present	Edge Hill, 1947 West Derby, 1954 Garston, 1957 Scotland, 1964 Scotland, 1971 Edge Hill, 1979 Walton, 1991

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