Flers, Orne
| Flers | ||
|---|---|---|
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Château de Flers | ||
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  Flers | ||
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Location within Normandy region  Flers | ||
| Coordinates: 48°45′06″N 0°33′38″W / 48.7518°N 0.5605°WCoordinates: 48°45′06″N 0°33′38″W / 48.7518°N 0.5605°W | ||
| Country | France | |
| Region | Normandy | |
| Department | Orne | |
| Arrondissement | Argentan | |
| Canton | Flers-Nord and Flers-Sud | |
| Intercommunality | Pays de Flers | |
| Government | ||
| • Mayor (2001–2008) | Yves Goasdoué | |
| Area1 | 21.15 km2 (8.17 sq mi) | |
| Population (2012)2 | 14,968 | |
| • Density | 710/km2 (1,800/sq mi) | |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | |
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | |
| INSEE/Postal code | 61169 / 61100 | |
| Elevation |
182–276 m (597–906 ft) (avg. 189 m or 620 ft) | |
| Website | http://www.agglo-paysdeflers.fr/ | |
|
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once. | ||
Flers is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.
The inhabitants are called Flériens.
Geography
Flers is bordered to the north by the communes of Saint-Georges-des-Groseillers and Aubusson, to the north-east by Ronfeugerai, to the west by La Lande-Patry and Saint-Paul, to the south-west by La Chapelle-Biche, La Chapelle-au-Moine and Messei, and to the south-east by La Selle-la-Forge.
The commune is situated in the north-west of the Orne département, about ten kilometres from the border of the Calvados, an hour east of Granville, and two hours by train from Paris. It depends on a prefecture located an hour north in Caen.
The commune is crossed by the river Vère which ends in the river Noireau in Pont-Erembourg (commune of Saint-Denis-de-Méré).
Climate
Flers is part of the region that stretches from the Bocage to the Écouves forest, the wettest part of the Orne département, with relatively mild temperatures thanks to its proximity to the English Channel and the effect of the sea. It benefits from an oceanic climate with mild winters and temperate summers.[1]
History
The first written mentions of Flers appear at the end of the twelfth century as Flers (1164–1179) or Flex (1188–1221). Some authors think that the name of the town derives from the German toponym Hlaeri, meaning wasteland or common grazing land, while others suggest an origin in the German Fliessen, from the Dutch vliet or the Latin fluere latin Fluere, indicating a waterflow, basin or marsh. Yet another etymology links Flers to the Latin flexus, meaning the bend in a road or river. Finally, the Breton term fler or flear means bad smell, indicating the stench of stagnant water. All etymologies seem to agree however that the town is named for its topography and the water close to it.[2]
Middle Ages
From the tenth century on, the de Flers family headed a barony. Tradition has it that in the 11th century, the two brothers Foulques d'Aunou and Guillaume de Gasprée married two sisters who were Ladies of Flers. Foulques d'Aunou received as his wedding gift Flers, seat of the barony.[3]
The construction of the castle of Flers began in the 12th century as a fortified location of wood and stone surrounded by water. The chronicles of the Hundred Years War do not mention a fortified place in Flers, revealing that it didn't present a major strategic interest at the time.
Construction of the castle
In 1790, in the revolutionary period, Flers formed a canton in the district of Domfront, in the Orne département.[4] The countess of Flers, Jacqueline Le Goué de Richemont, wife of Pierre-François de Paule de La Motte-Ango, supported the counter-revolutionary chouans. The castle of Flers became the headquarters of count Louis de Frotté, one of the leaders of the Normandic Chouannerie.[5]
| Year | Owner |
| 1901 | The town buys the castle |
| 1820–1901 | Schnetz family |
| 1806–1820 | de Redern family |
| 1736–1806 | de La Motte-Ango family |
| 1547–1736 | de Pellevé family |
| 1404–1547 | de Grosparmy family |
| 1396–1404 | Guillaume de Tournebu |
| 1320–1396 | Robert III d'Harcourt Robert IV d'Harcourt Robert V d'Harcourt |
| 1180–1320 | Foulques d'Aunou Thomas d'Aunou |
| 10th to 12th century | de Flers family |
Industrial Revolution
In 1901, Julien Salles, mayor of Flers, bought the castle for the community.
World War II
Like other towns near the D-Day landing, Flers was one of the targets of strategic bombing of Normandy on 6 and 7 June 1944, aimed at reducing the advance of German reinforcements. 80% of the town was destroyed. What remained of the town was liberated on 16 August by the British 11th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)[6] and the memorial to the division is at Pont de Vère, north of Flers.
Heraldry
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The arms of Flers are blazoned : Gules, 2 shuttles in saltire Or, between 3 bobbins argent, a chief of France (Azure, 3 fleurs de lys Or. |
Demographics
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1901 | 13,680 | — |
| 1906 | 13,704 | +0.2% |
| 1911 | 13,610 | −0.7% |
| 1921 | 12,812 | −5.9% |
| 1926 | 12,948 | +1.1% |
| 1931 | 13,022 | +0.6% |
| 1936 | 12,900 | −0.9% |
| 1946 | 12,336 | −4.4% |
| 1954 | 13,010 | +5.5% |
| 1962 | 14,634 | +12.5% |
| 1968 | 17,683 | +20.8% |
| 1975 | 20,486 | +15.9% |
| 1982 | 18,911 | −7.7% |
| 1990 | 17,888 | −5.4% |
| 1999 | 16,947 | −5.3% |
| 2006 | 16,094 | −5.0% |
| 2007 | 15,808 | −1.8% |
| 2012 | 14,968 | −5.3% |
| For the census from 1962 the official population corresponds with the population without duplicates Source: EHESS[7] and INSEE[8] | ||
Transport
Flers has a train station on the line Paris - Granville on the TER Basse-Normandie line 2. It has a local bus system for Flers and the surrounding communities, and departmental lines connecting it with other major towns in Orne and Calvados. Flers also has a small airstrip[9]
Monuments and interesting places
The castle, dating back to the 16th and 18th century, houses a museum of ancient and 19th century paintings and sculptures, applied art (furniture and decoration) and local history. Other interesting visits are the early 20th century neo-gothic Saint-Germain church and the 19th century neo-Romanesque Saint-Jean church, and the covered market built in 1883 on a former cemetery.[10]
Flers castle
Flers castle
The covered market
Saint-Germain church
Notable people
- Paulette Duhalde (1921–1945), heroine of the resistance, died when deported to Ravensbrück
Born in Flers
- Jean-Pierre Brard, politician
- Tony Chapron, international football (soccer) referee
- Gérard Larcher, President of the Senate of France
- Patrice Lecornu, professional football (soccer) player
- Alain Lemercier, racewalker
- Guy Mollet, politician
- François Morel, comedian, writer and singer
Twin towns
- Warminster, United Kingdom, since 1973
- Poundou, Burkina Faso, since 1977
- Wunstorf, Germany, since 1994
See also
References
- ↑ Climate of Orne on the site Météo France (French)
- ↑ Flers, Flers promotion, 1991 p. 9
- ↑ À la découverte de Flers - Le château p84
- ↑ Source : http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/index.htm - Flers
- ↑ À la découverte de Flers - Le château p. 24-25
- ↑ "1944, la Bataille de Normandie, la Mémoire - Flers et Saint-Georges-des-Groseillers et Aubusson en Normandie 1944". Retrieved 15 June 2012.
- ↑ [url= http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=13986 Notice communale - Flers ]
- ↑ INSEE : Population depuis le recensement de 1962
- ↑ Site of the Flers airstrip
- ↑ "Le Marché couvert (La Halle)" [The covered market (the hall)] (in French). Office de tourisme du Pays de Flers. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flers, Orne. |
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Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Flers. |
- Official local sites
- Maps
