Buy, Kostroma Oblast
| Buy (English) Буй (Russian) | |
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.svg.png) Location of Kostroma Oblast in Russia | |
  Buy | |
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| Administrative status (as of April 2014) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Kostroma Oblast[1] |
| Administratively subordinated to | town of oblast significance of Buy[1] |
| Administrative center of | Buysky District,[1] town of oblast significance of Buy[1] |
| Municipal status (as of March 2014) | |
| Urban okrug | Buy Urban Okrug[2] |
| Administrative center of | Buy Urban Okrug,[2] Buysky Municipal District[2] |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census) | 25,763 inhabitants[3] |
| Time zone | MSK (UTC+03:00)[4] |
| Founded | 1536 |
| Town status since | 1778 |
| Postal code(s)[5] | 157000 |
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| Buy on Wikimedia Commons | |
Buy (Russian: Буй) is a town in Kostroma Oblast, Russia, which stands on the Kostroma River. Population: 25,763 (2010 Census);[3] 27,392 (2002 Census);[6] 32,701 (1989 Census).[7]
History
Buy was originally a trading post and protected by a hill fortress of Finno-Ugrian Meri people c. 400–500 CE. Its original Meri name is not known, but in Finnish language it was called either Vuoksensuu or Vieksansuu (lit. Mouth of Vuoksi/Vieksa). It was inhabited by the Finno-Ugrian peoples at least up to the Mongol invasion of Russia in 1237–1238. During the Mongol threat, some inhabitants of Kostroma sought refuge in Buy, and it seems that they renamed the place Buy (Vui, Bui) instead of using the Finno-Ugrian name which was difficult for them to pronounce, but the origin of the Russian name comes from the old Meri name.
Modern Buy was founded in 1536 as a fortified point at the confluence of the Kostroma and the Vyoksa Rivers. The fortified point was built according to the order of Yelena Glinskaya, the regentess of Russia at that time and the mother of Ivan the Terrible, to defend the eastern frontiers of the Grand Duchy of Moscow from the raids by Kazan Tatars and others. However, twenty years after its construction, the fortress lost its military significance, as Kazan was taken and the raids ceased.
During Buy's first three and a half centuries, the population scarcely exceeded 2,000. Except for officials and priests, most inhabitants were peasants and small craftsmen. Cottage industries included pottery, iron, leather, felt, wool, carpentry, painting, blacksmithing, and oil pressing. These products were primitive and distribution was local; even export to a neighboring area was considered a commercial success.
One exception was the distillery, the predecessor of the current chemical plant. Almost the only factory in town, the distillery employed forty workers producing 600,000 liters of vodka annually. The soft bog water allowed the plant to produce a high-quality product which was sold even in provincial capitals.
Buy was granted town status in 1778, during the reign of Catherine the Great.
In 1905, a branch of the Saint Petersburg-Vyatka Railway (completed in 1908) reached Buy. At the same time, the railroad running north from Yaroslavl through Danilov arrived, so that Buy became a railroad junction town. The new Buy railway station was located 682 versts (728 km) from Saint Petersburg and 576 versts (614 km) from Moscow.
In 1914-1915 the Russians built a large POW camp for captured Austrian, Hungarian, and German prisoners of war. It was located 3 versts (3.2 km) south of Buy in Korega at the west bank of Kostroma River. After the Peace Treaty of Brest-Litowsk was signed on March 3, 1918 under the terms of Peace Treaty all prisoners of war were released. The camp was left empty.
After the end of the Finnish Civil War in 1918, many Finnish Reds who escaped into Soviet Russia were relocated to the Buy camp as their first place to create a Communist society. In May 1918 there were 3,268 Finns in Buy. Most of them relocated soon after, so that in July only about 500 remained. Few stayed in Buy, and some that did were deported during the Great Purge two decades later.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Buy serves as the administrative center of Buysky District,[1] even though it is not a part of it.[8] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the town of oblast significance of Buy—an administrative unit with a status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the town of oblast significance of Buy is incorporated as Buy Urban Okrug.[2]
Climate
Buy has a cold humid continental climate that is just above subarctic, courtesy of May being just above 10 °C (50 °F).[9]
| Climate data for Buy | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 3 (37) |
4 (39) |
11 (52) |
25 (77) |
28 (82) |
33 (91) |
33 (91) |
31 (88) |
26 (79) |
22 (72) |
9 (48) |
5 (41) |
33 (91) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −8 (18) |
−6 (21) |
0 (32) |
8 (46) |
16 (61) |
20 (68) |
22 (72) |
19 (66) |
13 (55) |
5 (41) |
−1 (30) |
−6 (21) |
6.8 (44.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −11 (12) |
−9 (16) |
−3 (27) |
4 (39) |
11 (52) |
15 (59) |
17 (63) |
15 (59) |
9 (48) |
2 (36) |
−3 (27) |
−8 (18) |
3.2 (37.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −15 (5) |
−13 (9) |
−7 (19) |
0 (32) |
6 (43) |
10 (50) |
12 (54) |
10 (50) |
5 (41) |
0 (32) |
−5 (23) |
−11 (12) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −45 (−49) |
−37 (−35) |
−30 (−22) |
−16 (3) |
−5 (23) |
−1 (30) |
3 (37) |
0 (32) |
−6 (21) |
- | −30 (−22) |
−46 (−51) |
−46 (−51) |
| Source: [10] | |||||||||||||
Notable residents
References
Notes
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Law #112-4-ZKO
- 1 2 3 4 Law #237-ZKO
- 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
- ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
- ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ↑ Resolution #133-a
- ↑ "Buy, Russia Climate Summary". Weatherbase. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
- ↑ "Buy, Russia, Temperature Averages". Weatherbase. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
Sources
- Костромская областная Дума. Закон №112-4-ЗКО от 9 февраля 2007 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Костромской области», в ред. Закона №567-5-ЗКО от 24 сентября 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Костромской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Костромской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "СП — нормативные документы", №10(70), 28 февраля 2007 г. (Kostroma Oblast Duma. Law #112-4-ZKO of February 9, 2007 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Kostroma Oblast, as amended by the Law #567-5-ZKO of September 24, 2014 On Amending the Law of Kostroma Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Kostroma Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
- Костромская областная Дума. Закон №237-ЗКО от 30 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований в Костромской области и наделении их статусом», в ред. Закона №496-5-ЗКО от 28 февраля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Костромской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований в Костромской области и наделении их статусом"». Вступил в силу по истечении 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Северная Правда" ("Документы: СпецВыпуск"), №8, 26 января 2005 г. (Kostroma Oblast Duma. Law #237-ZKO of December 30, 2004 On the Establishment of the Borders of the Municipal Formations and on Granting Them Statuses, as amended by the Law #496-5-ZKO of February 28, 2014 On Amending the Law of Kostroma Oblast "On the Establishment of the Borders of the Municipal Formations and on Granting Them Statuses". Effective as of after 10 days following the official publication date.).
