Besleney Kabardian dialect
The Besleney dialect (Adyghe: Бэслъыныйбзэ) is one of the East Circassian dialects and usually considered a dialect of Kabardian. However, because the Besleney tribe lived at the center of Circassia, the Besleney dialect also shares a large number of features with dialects of Western Circassian.
Phonology
Palatalized velar stops
Like some other Kabardian dialects, the Besleney dialect has a palatalized voiced velar stop [ɡʲ] ⟨гь⟩, a palatalized voiceless velar stop [kʲ] ⟨кь⟩ and a palatalized velar ejective [kʲʼ] ⟨кӏь⟩ that were merged with дж [d͡ʒ], ч [t͡ʃ] and кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] in most Circassian dialects.[1]
- Besleney гь [ɡʲ] became дж [d͡ʒ] in other dialects:
Meaning |
Besleney |
Standard Adyghe |
Kabardian |
Cyrillic |
IPA |
Cyrillic |
IPA |
Cyrillic |
IPA |
chicken |
гьэд |
ɡʲad |
чэты |
t͡ʃatə |
джэд |
d͡ʒad |
cat |
гьэду |
ɡʲadəw |
чэтыу |
t͡ʃatəw |
джэду |
d͡ʒadəw |
shirt |
гьанэ |
ɡʲaːna |
джанэ |
dʒaːna |
джанэ |
dʒaːna |
to study to read |
егьэн |
jaɡʲan |
еджэн |
jadʒan |
еджэн |
jadʒan |
glass |
абгь |
ʔaːbgʲ |
апч |
ʔaːpt͡ʃ |
абдж |
ʔaːbd͡ʒ |
game |
гьэгу |
ɡʲagʷ |
джэгу |
d͡ʒagʷ |
джэгу |
d͡ʒagʷ |
bitter |
дыгь |
dəɡʲ |
дыджы |
dəd͡ʒə |
дыдж |
dəd͡ʒ |
sick |
сымагьэ |
səmaːɡʲa |
сымаджэ |
səmaːd͡ʒa |
сымаджэ |
səmaːd͡ʒa |
evil |
бзагьэ |
bzaːɡʲa |
бзаджэ |
bzaːd͡ʒa |
бзаджэ |
bzaːd͡ʒa |
valley |
къуэлагьэ |
qʷalaːɡʲa |
къоладжэ |
qʷalaːd͡ʒa |
къуэладжэ |
qʷalaːd͡ʒa |
noon |
щэгьагъуэ |
ɕaɡʲaːʁʷa |
щэджагъо |
ɕad͡ʒaːʁʷa |
шэджагъуэ |
ʃad͡ʒaːʁʷa |
infidel |
гьаур |
ɡʲaːwər |
джаур |
d͡ʒaːwər |
джаур |
d͡ʒaːwər |
- Besleney кь [kʲ] became ч [t͡ʃ] in other dialects:
Meaning |
Besleney |
Standard Adyghe |
Kabardian |
Cyrillic |
IPA |
Cyrillic |
IPA |
Cyrillic |
IPA |
throat |
кьий |
kʲəj |
чый |
t͡ʃəj |
чий |
t͡ʃəj |
spleen |
кьэ |
kʲa |
чэ |
t͡ʃa |
чэ |
t͡ʃa |
to cough |
пскьэн |
pskʲan |
псчэн |
pst͡ʃan |
псчэн |
pst͡ʃan |
- Besleney кӏь [kʲʼ] became кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] in other dialects:
Meaning |
Besleney |
Standard Adyghe |
Kabardian |
Cyrillic |
IPA |
Cyrillic |
IPA |
Cyrillic |
IPA |
egg |
кӏьэнкӏьэ |
kʲʼankʲʼa |
кӏэнкӏэ |
t͡ʃʼant͡ʃʼa |
кӏэнкӏэ |
t͡ʃʼant͡ʃʼa |
ceiling |
кӏьафэ |
kʲʼaːfa |
кӏашъо |
t͡ʃʼaːʃʷa |
кӏафэ |
t͡ʃʼaːfa |
rope |
кӏьапсэ |
kʲʼaːpsa |
кӏапсэ |
t͡ʃʼaːpsa |
кӏапсэ |
t͡ʃʼaːpsa |
gun |
кӏьэрахъуэ |
kʲʼaraːχʷa |
кӏэрахъо |
t͡ʃʼaraːχʷa |
кӏэрахъуэ |
t͡ʃʼaraːχʷa |
long |
кӏьыхь |
kʲʼəħ |
кӏыхьэ |
t͡ʃʼəħa |
кӏыхь |
t͡ʃʼəħ |
to kill |
укӏьын |
wkʲʼən |
укӏын |
wt͡ʃʼən |
укӏын |
wt͡ʃʼən |
to move away |
ӏукӏьын |
ʔʷəkʲʼən |
ӏукӏын |
ʔʷət͡ʃʼən |
ӏукӏын |
ʔʷət͡ʃʼən |
key |
ӏункӏьыбзэ |
ʔʷənkʲʼəbza |
ӏункӏыбзэ |
ʔʷənt͡ʃʼəbza |
ӏункӏыбз |
ʔʷənt͡ʃʼəbz |
beard |
жьакӏьэ |
ʑaːkʲʼa |
жакӏэ |
ʒaːt͡ʃʼa |
жьакӏэ |
ʑaːt͡ʃʼa |
poor |
тхьэмыщкӏь |
tħaməɕkʲʼ |
тхьамыкӏ |
tħaːmət͡ʃʼ |
тхьэмыщкӏэ |
tħaməɕt͡ʃʼa |
to be ashamed |
укӏьытэн |
wəkʲʼətan |
укӏытэн |
wət͡ʃʼətan |
укӏытэн |
wət͡ʃʼətan |
Palato-alveolar affricates
The palato-alveolar affricate consonants дж [d͡ʒ], ч [t͡ʃ] and кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] and the retroflex affricate consonants чъ [ʈʂ] and чӏ [ʈʂʼ] became palato-alveolar дж [d͡ʒ], дж [d͡ʒ], кӏ [t͡ʃʼ], дж [d͡ʒ] and кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] in Besleney while in Kabardian they became alveolo-palatal ж [ʒ], ж [ʒ], щӏ [ɕʼ], ж [ʒ] and щӏ [ɕʼ].[2][3]
- Western ч [t͡ʃ] became дж [d͡ʒ] in Besleney and ж [ʒ] in Kabardian :
Meaning |
Besleney |
Standard Adyghe |
Kabardian |
Cyrillic |
IPA |
Cyrillic |
IPA |
Cyrillic |
IPA |
cow |
джэм |
d͡ʒam |
чэм |
t͡ʃam |
жэм |
ʒam |
spear |
бджы |
bd͡ʒə |
пчы |
pt͡ʃə |
бжы |
bʒə |
goat |
бджэн |
bd͡ʒan |
пчэн |
pt͡ʃan |
бжэн |
bʒan |
village |
джылэ |
d͡ʒəla |
чылэ |
t͡ʃəɮa |
жылэ |
ʒəɮa |
night |
джэщ |
d͡ʒam |
чэщы |
t͡ʃaɕə |
жэщ |
ʒam |
- Western кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] survived in Besleney and became щӏ [ɕʼ] in Kabardian :
Meaning |
Besleney |
Standard Adyghe |
Kabardian |
Cyrillic |
IPA |
Cyrillic |
IPA |
Cyrillic |
IPA |
young man |
кӏалэ |
t͡ʃʼaːla |
кӏалэ |
t͡ʃʼaːɮa |
щӏалэ |
ɕʼaːla |
new |
кӏэ |
t͡ʃʼa |
кӏэ |
t͡ʃʼa |
щӏэ |
ɕʼa |
guest |
хьакӏэ |
ħaːt͡ʃʼa |
хьакӏэ |
ħaːt͡ʃʼa |
хьащӏэ |
ħaːɕʼa |
- Western чъ [ʈʂ] became дж [d͡ʒ] in Besleney and ж [ʒ] in Kabardian :
Meaning |
Besleney |
Standard Adyghe |
Kabardian |
Cyrillic |
IPA |
Cyrillic |
IPA |
Cyrillic |
IPA |
tree |
джыг |
d͡ʒəɣ |
чъыгы |
ʈʂəɣə |
жыг |
ʒəɣ |
to sleep |
джейн |
d͡ʒajn |
чъыен |
ʈʂəjan |
жейн |
ʒajn |
to run |
джэн |
d͡ʒan |
чъэн |
ʈʂan |
жэн |
ʒan |
to run down |
еджэхын |
jad͡ʒaxən |
ечъэхын |
jaʈʂaxən |
ежэхын |
jaʒaxən |
goat |
аджэ |
aːd͡ʒa |
ачъэ |
aːʈʂa |
ажэ |
aːʒa |
door |
бджэ |
bd͡ʒa |
пчъэ |
pʈʂa |
бжэ |
bʒa |
Others
- Besleney чъ [t͡ʂ] ↔ ш [ʃ] in other dialects:
Meaning |
Besleney sub-dialect |
Standard Kabardian |
Standard Adyghe |
Cyrillic |
IPA |
Cyrillic |
IPA |
Cyrillic |
IPA |
horse |
чъы |
t͡ʂə |
шы |
ʃə |
шы |
ʃə |
sister |
чъыпхъу |
t͡ʂəpχʷ |
шыпхъу |
ʃəpχʷ |
шыпхъу |
ʃəpχʷ |
wedding |
нысачъэ |
nəsaːt͡ʂa |
нысашэ |
nəsaːʃa |
нысашэ |
nəsaːʃa |
See also
External links
References