Bass Lake (Marin County, California)
| Bass Lake | |
|---|---|
| Location | Marin County, California |
| Coordinates | 37°57′01″N 122°46′31″W / 37.95028°N 122.77528°WCoordinates: 37°57′01″N 122°46′31″W / 37.95028°N 122.77528°W[1] |
| Type |
slightly saline slightly alkaline slightly eutrophic warm monomictic[2][3] |
| Primary inflows | streams on north and east shores[4] |
| Primary outflows | via creek to Pacific Ocean |
| Catchment area | 66 hectares (163 acres)[4] |
| Basin countries | United States |
| Surface area | 3 hectares (7.4 acres)[4] |
| Average depth | 17.5 metres (57.4 ft)[4] |
| Water volume | 4 x 105 m3[3] |
| Surface elevation | 374 feet (114 m)[5] |
Bass Lake is a small lake in the southern portion of the Point Reyes National Seashore, northwest of Bolinas. The lake sits at an elevation of 374 feet (114 m) and flows out south to the ocean via a 1-mile (1.6 km) creek.[5][6] Bass Lake is the largest of the five Coast Trail Lakes, which also include Pelican Lake, Crystal Lake, Ocean Lake and Wildcat Lake.[7]
Geology
As with the other nearby lakes in the southeast portion of the Point Reyes peninsula, Bass Lake occupies a natural synclinal depression formed behind blocks of rock displaced by landslides within the past 10,000 years.[8][9] The depressions forming Crystal, Pelican and Bass lakes appear to have been caused by the Double Point Slide, which covers an area of about 1.7 square miles (4.4 km2).[10] The rocks involved in the landslide are shale, chert and sandstone, some similar to Miocene rocks of the Monterey Formation and others to Pliocene rocks from the Central Coast Ranges.[11] The process that caused these slides is ongoing, with several nearby slides caused by the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and others as recently as 1956.[9]
Ecology
The lake is within the Southern Inverness Ridge region of the Point Reyes National Seashore, in an area of coastal scrub and grassland. In this coastal zone there are open stands of coyote brush (Baccharis pilularis), often with native grasses such as California oatgrass (Danthonia californica) and purple needlegrass (Nassella pulchra).[12][13][14] The other dominant plants in this ecosystem are California sage brush (Artemisia californica), black sage (Salvia mellifera), sticky monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus), poison oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum), California coffeeberry (Frangula californica) and tree lupine (Lupinus arboreus).[12]
Around Bass Lake and the neighboring lakes are thick growths of willow (Salix sp.)[15] In the lake margins can be found common tule (Schoenoplectus acutus), California bulrush (Schoenoplectus californicus), cat-tail (Typha latifolia) and sedges (Carex sp. including Carex senta).[16] The lake has been stocked with warm-water game fish.[2]
Research in 1976 found that the lake supported a range of phytoplankton from the genera Anabaena, Cryptomonas, Cymbella, Fragilaria, Oocystis, Schroederia, Sphaerocystis and Staurastrum, as well as the species Ceratium hirundinella, Elakatothrix gelatinosa and Pseudokephrion conicum.[3]
On the slopes above the coastal lakes, the flora is characterized by stands of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii).[13][14]
Bass Lake is inland from the 86-acre (35 ha) Double Point Area of Special Biological Significance, established in 1974 primarily to protect the large population of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) that raise pups on the beach between April and June each year.[17]
History
Prior to geological research in the 1960s that revealed the many pre-historic landslides, the area was considered to be sufficiently stable for the U.S. Army to construct an underground artillery control facility within the North Point headland directly west of Pelican Lake in 1944.[18] These concrete structures were filled in by the National Park Service after it assumed control of the area, but could be exposed by future landslides.[19] The barracks for this facility were located near Bass Lake.[2]
See also
References
- ↑ GNIS 234445 1981.
- 1 2 3 WQMR 1979, pp. 65.
- 1 2 3 Widmer 1979, pp. 576.
- 1 2 3 4 Widmer 1979, pp. 573.
- 1 2 GNIS 233463 1981.
- ↑ WQMR 1979, pp. 10, 65, 66.
- ↑ lakelubbers.com n.d.
- ↑ WQMR 1979, p. 26, 65.
- 1 2 Clague 1969b, p. 118.
- ↑ Clague 1969b, pp. 116–117.
- ↑ Clague 1969b, p. 110.
- 1 2 WQMR 1979, pp. 56.
- 1 2 Schirokauer et al. 2003, pp. 11–12.
- 1 2 NPS Vegetation Map n.d.
- ↑ WQMR 1979, pp. 56, 57.
- ↑ WQMR 1979, pp. 57.
- ↑ WQMR 1979, p. ii, 6–7.
- ↑ WQMR 1979, pp. 24 ,65.
- ↑ WQMR 1979, pp. 24.
Sources
- Clague, John Joseph (March 1969). The landslides in the southeast part of Point Reyes National Seashore (M.A.). University of California, Berkeley.
- Clague, John Joseph (July 1969), Landslides of Southern Point Reyes National Seashore, 22 (07), California Geological Survey Mineral Information Service, pp. 107–110, 116–118
- "Coast Trail Lakes, Point Reyes National Seashore, California, USA". lakelubbers.com. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- Double Point, Marin County: California marine waters areas of special biological significance reconnaissance survey report, Water Quality Monitoring Reports (79-15), Sacramento: California State Water Resources Control Board, Surveillance and Monitoring Section, May 1979
- "Bass Lake". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. January 19, 1981.
- Schirokauer, David; Keeler-Wolf, Todd; Meinke, John; van der Leeden, Pam (December 2003), Plant Community Classification and Mapping Project Final Report (PDF)
- "Fire Ecology - Vegetation Types: Vegetation Map". National Park Service. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- Widmer, Carl (1979), "A Limnological Survey of Bass Lake, Point Reyes National Seashore, 1976", Proceedings of the First Conference on Scientific Research in the National Parks, pp. 573–576