William M. Tuck

William M. Tuck
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Virginia's 5th district
In office
April 14, 1953 – January 3, 1969
Preceded by Thomas B. Stanley
Succeeded by Dan Daniel
55th Governor of Virginia
In office
January 16, 1946 – January 18, 1950
Lieutenant Lewis Preston Collins II
Preceded by Colgate Darden
Succeeded by John S. Battle
25th Lieutenant Governor of Virginia
In office
January 21, 1942 – January 16, 1946
Governor Colgate Darden
Preceded by Saxon Winston Holt
Succeeded by Lewis Preston Collins II
Member of the Virginia Senate
from the 10th district
In office
January 13, 1932 – January 14, 1942
Preceded by James Stone Easley
Succeeded by James D. Hagood
Member of the Virginia House of Delegates from Halifax County
In office
January 9, 1924 – January 13, 1932
Alongside John Glass, Samuel Adams and A. Owen King
Preceded by Daniel W. Owen
Succeeded by Roy B. Davis
Personal details
Born William Munford Tuck
(1896-09-28)September 28, 1896
Halifax, Virginia, U.S.
Died June 9, 1983(1983-06-09) (aged 86)
South Boston, Virginia, U.S.
Political party Democratic
Spouse(s) Eva Ellis Lovelace Dillard
Alma mater College of William & Mary
Washington & Lee University
Profession Attorney
Religion Presbyterian
Military service
Allegiance  United States
Service/branch United States Marine Corps
Years of service 1918–1919
Battles/wars World War I

William Munford Tuck (September 28, 1896 – June 9, 1983) was a Virginia lawyer and lieutenant in the Byrd Organization, who served as the 55th Governor of Virginia from 1946 to 1950 as a Democrat, and as a U.S. Congressman from 1953 until 1969.[1][2]

Early and Family Life

He was the youngest of nine children of Halifax County, Virginia tobacco warehouseman Robert James Tuck(1863-1930) and Virginia Susan Fitts (1860-1909). He was named for his grandfather William Munford Tuck (1832-1899), who served in the Third Virginia Infantry during the American Civil War.[3] Tuck's mother died when he was 13. He attended county schools, Virgilina High School, and Chatham Training School (now Hargrave Military Academy). He attended the College of William and Mary for two years, earning a teacher's certificate and working for a year as a teacher/principal in Northumberland County. Tuck then enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps and served in 1917 in the Caribbean.[4] Tuck returned to attend law school at the Washington and Lee University School of Law, graduating in 1921. In 1929 he married widow (and former schoolteacher) Eva Lovelace Dillard (1891-1975), to whom he remained married until her death in 1975, raising her son Lester Layne (L.L.) Dillard Jr. as his own.

Career

Upon being admitted to Virginia bar, Tuck maintained a private legal practice in Halifax for decades, eventually with his stepson L.L. Dillard.[5]

His career as an elected official began in 1923, when Halifax County voters elected Tuck as their delegate (a part-time position) to the Virginia General Assembly. He was re-elected once but declined to run for re-election in 1929, citing the need to grow his legal business to support his new family. However, when his elected successor died, Tuck was drafted in 1930 and served the remainder of the term. He was then elected to the Virginia State Senate in 1931, where he became a friend of U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd, a former governor. During the national New Deal, state Senator Tuck worked to repeal Prohibition and sponsored new child labor laws, as well as an unemployment compensation system, old age assistance and jail reforms. He also helped develop the state park system.

In 1941, Tuck sought statewide office, but Senator Byrd slated Colgate Darden to run for Governor of Virginia, so Tuck was slated for and won election as the 25th Lieutenant Governor of Virginia. He served from 1942 to 1946 under Governor Darden, and gained visibility throughout the Commonwealth. Tuck defeated his Republican opponent, S. Floyd Landreth by a 2 to 1 margin and won election as governor.

As governor from 1946-1950, Tuck demonstrated his fiscal conservatism as a Dixiecrat by reorganizing state government and enacting a right-to-work law. He also created a state water pollution control agency, helped reform state schools and mental hospitals, as well as constructed roads. Governor Tuck gained national exposure, however, for labor unrest in his home state. He worked with Senator Harry Byrd to oppose President Harry Truman, although a fellow Democrat, especially Truman's plan to establish a Fair Employment Practices Commission. Once, as governor, Tuck drafted workers of the Virginia Electric Power Company into the state's national guard to avoid a threatened strike in an unionization effort. Transportation and coal also experienced labor unrest.

Tuck's resumption of legal practice in South Boston after his governorship proved short-lived, for he rose within the Byrd Organization. In 1953 Tuck won election as a Democrat to U.S. Congress vacated by Thomas Bahnson Stanley who had resigned to run for Governor of Virginia. A militant segregationist, Congressman Tuck opposed most major items of civil rights legislation during the 1950s and 1960s. Like U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd, Tuck promised "massive resistance" to the Supreme Court's 1954 and 1955 decisions banning segregation, Brown v. Board of Education, and helped draft the Stanley plan—a series of state laws designed to legally avoid Brown, most of which were soon declared unconstitutional. Tuck was a member of the U.S. House of Representative's Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) and vehemently opposed the Civil Rights Act of 1965.

He was a delegate to Democratic National Conventions of 1948 and 1952, and in 1967 announced he would not seek reelection to Congress, citing health problems. He remained a power broker in the state for years. He retired from his law practice in South Boston in 1979, after suffering a stroke.

Death and Legacy

He is buried beside his beloved wife in Oak Ridge Cemetery in South Boston. Virginia named highway 58 in Halifax County after Tuck, and elected a historical marker in his memory.[6]

His personal papers, including papers from his time as congressman and governor, are held by the Special Collections Research Center at the College of William & Mary.[7] His executive papers from his time as governor are held by the Library of Virginia.

His birthplace and home Buckshoal Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.[8][9]

Electoral history

References

  1. ↑ "TUCK, William Munford, (1896–1983)", Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
  2. ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1983/06/10/william-munford-tuck-former-va-governor-dies/33a2bbd1-108e-4046-b610-76a3e6f126a4
  3. ↑ https://beta.worldcat.org/archivegrid/collection/data/288544677
  4. ↑ http://www.oldhalifax.com/airport/GovWilliamMTuck.html
  5. ↑ http://www.richmond.com/entertainment/article_c6de0b92-7ff9-5969-bd9a-b94d71c087ce.html
  6. ↑ http://www.markerhistory.com/william-munford-tuck-1896-1983-marker-u-51/
  7. ↑ "William Munford Tuck Papers". Special Collections Research Center, Earl Gregg Swem Library, College of William and Mary. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
  8. ↑ National Park Service (2010-07-09). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
  9. ↑ Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission (June 1978). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Buckshoal Farm" (PDF). Virginia Department of Historic Resources.
Political offices
Preceded by
Colgate Darden		 Governor of Virginia
1946–1950 		Succeeded by
John S. Battle
Preceded by
Saxon Winston Holt		 Lieutenant Governor of Virginia
1942–1946 		Succeeded by
Lewis Preston Collins II
United States House of Representatives
Preceded by
Thomas B. Stanley		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Virginia's 5th congressional district
1953–1969 		Succeeded by
W. C. "Dan" Daniel
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