Blackwater, Cornwall

Blackwater

A Cornish Mining Walk, Blackwater, Cornwall
Blackwater
 Blackwater shown within Cornwall
OS grid referenceSW736461
Unitary authorityCornwall
Shire countyCornwall
Ceremonial countyCornwall
RegionSouth West
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Postcode district TR4
Police Devon and Cornwall
Fire Cornwall
Ambulance South Western
EU Parliament South West England
UK ParliamentTruro & Falmouth
List of places
UK
England
Cornwall

Coordinates: 50°16′12″N 5°10′48″W / 50.2699°N 5.1799°W / 50.2699; -5.1799

Blackwater is a village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated in the parish of St Agnes between Truro and Redruth. The village lies on the old course of the A30 north of the current course which bypasses it.[1] The village has a primary school (built in 1877) which serves the village and surrounding settlements.

History

Over the course of Blackwater's history, the town has supported four public houses: Clinton House, Cornish Miners Inn, The Red Lion and The Spread Eagle.[2] The Chacewater to Newquay railway line (1903–1963) crossed through Blackwater. A station building was located south of Presingoll Barns near St Agnes. In 1972 the railway bridge was destroyed.[3]

Geology

In an 1824 published geological study, 19th century Blackwell was described as follows: "Descending into a little valley at Blackwater, slate and compact rock present themselves in a section afforded by a ravine. In this valley cultivated fields and a few trees gladden the eye; but this oasis is of little extent; for a steep ascent leads again to the common, which extends as far as Chasewater, over rocks of the same character of..." bright red remains of mining operations.[4]

Wheal Concord

Wheal Concord headgear for the mine that was reopened in 1980,visited by the Duke of Cornwall in 1981, and closed in 1986 after the tin market crash of 1985.

Commonly known as Wheal Concord, Wheal Concord and Wheal Briton mines are located on the road between Blackwater North Hill and Skinners Bottom. The founding dates of the mines are unknown, but they both closed[nb 1] and joined forces when they reopened in 1810. The Wheal Concord Silver, Lead and Copper Mining Company Limited was formed in 1860, but due to a drop in the tin market, the mining company closed a few years later.[5] Regarding the late nineteenth century fall of tin prices, Herbert Thomas said of St Agnes mining in his 1896 "Cornish Mining Interviews":

I can remember about 14 or 15 mines at work. But after tin fell seriously in 1874 the number began

to diminish. Now the only mines at work are West Kitty, Wheal Kitty, Polberro and Blue Hills. Wheal Friendly cannot battle with hard times any longer and is about to be wound up…[6]

— Herbert Thomas, journalist

In the 1980s Nicholas Warrell, having secured £500,000 in investment monies, and Jack Trounson reopened the mines and produced 21,000 tonnes of tin. The year after opening they received a visit from Prince Charles. The mine was only open for a couple of years, but they had extracted all that they could with their contributor's investments. Wheal Concord was unable to secure the investment of £4,000,000 for machinery and resources to access resources deeper underground and had to close their business.[5][6][7] The mine closed in November 1982.[8][9]

Religion

The 18th century Methodist chapel in Blackwater was a simple, earth floored building where women and men sat on different sides of the chapel. This chapel succumbed to a fire in 1821. The Blackwater Methodist Church was completed in 1825, added a gallery in 1832 and received a pipe organ in 1923. Since the church closed in 1985 it has been used as a home and for business purposes.[5]

The Sunday School building, built with the funding and support of John Passmore Edwards was completed in 1893 and dedicated to Edward's late uncle, a St Day Sunday school superintendent and teacher. It was a stone building with granite dressings. Gothic cathedral glass and leadlight windows adorned the building.[10]

Education

George Frederic Watts, John Passmore Edwards, 1955, National Portrait Gallery, London

The local Blackwater Community Primary School provides services for infants, children 3–5 and juniors. The school facilities include a sports field, wild area and greenhouse.[11][12]

Commonly known as the Blackwater Lecture and Reading Room, the Blackwater Institute was founded in 1890 by John Passmore Edwards who was born in Blackwater. This was the first of many donated public buildings by Edwards. He also financed the construction of the Mithian Village Hall, St Agnes village Miners' and Mechanics' Institute and 69 other public buildings. Edwards was a successful newspaper owner but his beginnings were humble. The idea for the institute sprouted from a request for books for Blackwater's citizens by the Reverend of the Mithian church, Fursdon Rogers. Based upon the Reverend's request and his own memories of having joined the Chacewater Reading Society to access reading material, Edwards decided to build a building for educational study.[2]

Lord Falmouth donated the land and the Tywarnhale estate donated the stone for the building. James Prowse & Son created the masonry work and the exterior was decorated by Mr Craze and Solomon & Company. John Symons and his son, Frank, designed and decorated the building; the elder Symons was a school mate of Edwards. Two rooms were separated by a wooden divider that could be moved for large gatherings like concerts.[13] The building has also been used for local meetings, County Technical Instruction Committee classes, men's snooker club and the 1920 Coroner's inquest into the unsolved double murder of Joseph Hoare and Laura Sara.[2][13]

Amenities

The Red Lion Public House is the town's pub.[2]

Notable people

The Victorian philanthropist and journalist John Passmore Edwards was born here.[14] Edwards had the Blackwater Institute built within a few hundred yards of the site of the cottage of his birth and youth.[13]

In popular culture

Notes

  1. ↑ Wheal Briton closed in 1791.[5]

References

  1. ↑ Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 204 Truro & Falmouth ISBN 978-0-319-23149-4
  2. 1 2 3 4 Blackwater. St Agnes Heritage Trail, St Agnes Forum. p. 1. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
  3. ↑ Blackwater. St Agnes Heritage Trail, St Agnes Forum. p. 2. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
  4. ↑ Royal Geological Society of Cornwall. Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall. 1828 [cited 25 September 2012]. p. 304.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Blackwater. St Agnes Heritage Trail, St Agnes Forum. p. 3. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
  6. 1 2 Decline of St Agnes Mines. Cornish Mining World Heritage. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
  7. ↑ Reed Business Information. New Scientist. Reed Business Information; 21 April 1983 [cited 24 September 2012]. pp. 160–161.
  8. ↑ "Shot in the Arm for Tin Mines." New Scientist. Reed Business Information. 3 March 1983 [cited 24 September 2012]. p. 586.
  9. ↑ Roy Starkey. “Twenty Years in the Field”. British Micromount Society. Newsletter No. 48. October 1997. pp. 2–3.
  10. ↑ School and Meeting House, St Day. Blackwater History. The Autobiography of John Passmore Edwards. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
  11. ↑ Main page. Blackwater Community Primary School. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
  12. ↑ Blackwater Community Primary School. iCornwall. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
  13. 1 2 3 Blackwater Literary Institute. Blackwater History. The Autobiography of John Passmore Edwards. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
  14. ↑ A. J. A. Morris, Edwards, John Passmore (1823–1911). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edition, May 2006. Retrieved 15 November 2007.
  15. ↑ Blackwater. St Agnes Heritage Trail, St Agnes Forum. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 24 September 2012.

Further reading

External links

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