Walter Devereux (born 1173)

Walter Devereux (born 1173)
Spouse(s) Cecilia de Longchamp

Issue

Father John Devereux (died 1187)
Born 1173
Died about 1197

Walter Devereux was an Anglo-Norman nobleman living during the reign of king Henry II of England and Richard I of England. The Devereux, along with the Baskervilles and Pichards, were prominent knightly families along the Welsh marches during the twelfth century, and linked to William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, and the Braose and Lacy lordships of the region.[1] William Devereux's descendants would later give rise to the Devereux Viscounts of Hereford and Earls of Essex.

Ancestry

Walter Devereux is descended from William Devereux[2] who held land in Hereford and Gloucester at Domesday in 1086.

William’s son, Walter Devereux of Lyonshall,[2] gained control of Lyonshall Castle as the caput of the Devereux’s marcher lordship. With the exile of Roger de Lacy in 1085, Walter of Lyonshall joined the retinue of Bernard de Neufmarché, Lord of Brecon.[3][lower-alpha 1]

On the death of Bernard about 1125, another Walter Devereux, son of Walter of Lyonshall, joined the retinue of Miles de Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford.[lower-alpha 2] Taking advantage of the civil war between King Stephen and the Empress Matilda, this Walter Devereux[2] increased his autonomy.[4][lower-alpha 3] Walter probably was present at the Battle of Lincoln,[5] and the Rout of Winchester [6] with the earl of Hereford. A supporter of the Empress Maud, he was rewarded when her son, Henry II, finally took the throne.[7][8][lower-alpha 4] With the extinction of the male line of the earls of Hereford in 1155, Walter Devereux and his son, John,[2] joined the retinue of Humphrey II de Bohun, Lord of Trowbridge.[lower-alpha 5]

When Humphrey III de Bohun died with an underage heir, John Devereux joined the retinue of William de Braose Junior, Lord of Bramber.[lower-alpha 6] John Devereux would campaign in Wales and France under de Braose.

As one of the prominent knightly families of the Welsh Marches, the Devereux became closely entwined with the de Braose, de Lacy, de Longchamp, and Marshal families. Through these connections, and following the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1071, the Devereux family established holdings in Ireland over the next three generations.

Biography

Walter Devereux was born in 1173, the son of John Devereux.[9] His father died in 1187[2] possibly from involvement in the de Braose campaigns in Wales and France. The Pipe Rolls of 1190 show 8 pounds and 13 pence of oblations due the king's court were pardoned for the lands of John Devereux in Herefordshire.[10] As Walter was under-age his lands and 2 castles (including Lyonshall) were taken into the hands of the king and placed in the possession of the sheriff of Hereford, William de Braose. Devereux participated in the expansion of the Norman holdings in Ireland, and in 1210 Walter Devereux was listed as having been responsible to John (fitzJohn) Marshal for 20 shillings of fees for the maintenance of soldiers ‘beyond the water that is called Stiuthe,' and 2 marks for those at Carrickfergus in Ireland[11]

Walter Devereux came of age in 1194.[2] His father had granted a church on his lands in Oxenhall, Gloucester, to the Knights Hospitaller in 1186, and on 27 October 1194 Walter Devereux filed an Assize of mort d'ancestor against the Order over 2 marks rent in Oxenhall.[12][13][lower-alpha 7]

About 1186 Walter had witnessed with his father the land grant of Maud de Hagarnel to the priory of Brecon.[14] About 1190 Devereux granted 12 acres of land near Berrington (Hereford) to the same priory ‘for the love he bore his lord, William de Braose the younger.’[15] This identifies Walter Devereux as a member of the military retinue of the Braose family. Devereux also witnessed the grant of land by William de Bradfelde of lands in Bradfield, Petercroft, Laneglege, lands near Mara, Estlege, and in Weteroft near the chapel to the priory of Brecon.[16] In 1211, Walter Devereux was listed as having held 1/2 knight's fee of the honor of Brecon.[17]

Marriage

Walter Devereux married Cecilia de Longchamp,[2] daughter of Hugh de Longchamp.[9][lower-alpha 8]

They had children:

Death

Walter Devereux died about 1197,[27] and as a member of the retinue of William de Braose this probably occurred in May 1197. At this time Braose was accompanying Richard I as England resumed its wars in France to recapture lands lost during his captivity. Many knights from the Welsh border were injured in the assault on the castle at Milly-sur-Therain where William Marshall himself led many into the fray.[28] After Walter's death, his sons were fostered for training as knights: Stephen Devereux with William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke; Nicholas Devereux with Walter de Lacy, Lord of Meath; and John Devereux with William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber. These sons would sire the three Devereux families that would play an integral role in controlling the Welsh marches during the thirteenth century. Also following the death of her husband, Cecilia began a series of legal fights to establish her dower rights which when added to the holdings of her eldest son, Stephen Devereux, provides an indication of the extent of the Devereux holdings at the time.

Walter’s ancestor, William Devereux, held Eastleach, Gloucester at Domesday in 1086. He had made grants in Leach and Hatherop in 1096 to the church of St Peter in Gloucester.[29] On 30 November 1215, the charters for the monastery of Saint Peter from 23 July 1100 were reviewed and confirmed.[30] Among the grants were the lands in Eastleach comprising the greater part of the tithes of Lady Sibillae de Evereus (Cecilia Devereux). Cecilia was granted in May 1198 a hearing of a plea against Robert de Lechelad (Leachland) to be held on 20 October 1198 involving a half hide and 6 acres (36 acres) of land near Leach in Gloucester.[31][32] Robert de Lechelad probably died later that year as in mid-May 1199 Master Ralph de Lechelad put Hugh de Welles in his place for the ongoing land plea against Cecilia, and a new date was set for 25 November 1199.[33]William de Lechelad, Master Ralph’s brother, was also granted a hearing at the same court if his health permitted. On 8 July 1199 Hugh de Welles, acting in place of Ralph de Lechelad, was granted a petition for the case to go forward as Ralph had recovered from his illness.[34] As the matter progressed through the courts, on 8 November 1199 Cecilia Devereux put William Prudhome in her place in the matter of her plea against the brothers, Master Ralph and William de Lechelad.[35] On 23 April 1200 it was postponed yet again until the king and court returned from Normandy.[36] On 29 May 1200 Master Ralph and William de Lechelad put Hugh fitzWilliam in their place regarding the ongoing court case involving the 36 acres of land contested by Cecilia Devereux.[37] The suit was adjourned without receiving a new date in January 1201 as the Lord of Norwich (John de Grey, Bishop of Norwich) was overseas on the king’s service, and Master Ralph de Lichelade was in his service.[38]

The court case between Devereux and Lechelad would not resume again for 10 years. On 14 October 1211 William de Lechelad testified under his sworn oath that by inheritance he had greater right to Leach, Gloucester, which Cecilia held in demesne.[39] Cecelia presented her claim to Leach as her right because her grandfather, William Devereux[lower-alpha 11] held the land in the time of Henry, the king’s father.[lower-alpha 12] William de Lechelad claimed the greater right to the holding based on his descent from William Devereux,[lower-alpha 13] and the passing of the land from William Devereux to Lechelad’s mother, Orenge Devereux. Further, Lechelade stated that Cecilia’s right only was through marriage. The case was granted a new date on 19 November 1211.[40] On 19 November 1211 Cecilia put in her place Thomas fitzWilliam in the ongoing land dispute which had been delayed again.[41] In January 1212 the assize was put in respite again due to a lack of jurors, and a new date given on 9 April 1212.[42] On 21 May 1212, the hearing was delayed yet again due to lack of jurors, and a claim by Peter de Barton that William de Lechelade had not recovered from his previous illness. The court did not require Cecilia Devereux to accept this excuse as 4 knights had not yet confirmed his illness, and a new date was set.[43] On 24 June 1212 the final hearing took place, and the jury found in favor of William de Lechelad and his heirs. Cecilia Devereux could make no further claims on these 33 acres.[44] The Pipe Roll for Michaelmas 1212 records the payment by Cecilia Devereux of 2 marks for making a false claim.[45]

On 30 November 1216 Cecilia demised all of her remaining lands and men in Eastleach for 5 years to the monks of Bruerne.[46] On 23 February 1220 Robert de Turville paid the court half a mark to summon Cecilia Devereux to confirm a warrant for 12 virgate (360 acres) of land in Eastleach, Gloucester.[47] On 22 May 1220 Turville claimed the right to warranty the land, and presented a supporting charter. Cecilia acknowledged the previous charter, and requested permission for them to come to an agreement and grant him a new charter re-affirming his warranty. The right to enter an agreement was withheld as the new charter contained a release by Robert de Turville of estover rights to Cecilia Devereux that had not been present in the original gift. This issue involved the rights of Turville’s wife, and this had not been defined in the new document. The matter was discharge without a day until they could correct this.[48] The Testa de Nevill records Cecilia Devereux and Galliana de Turville as holding 3 knight’s fees in Eastleach of the fee of Walter de Lacy for ¼ pound.[49]

Walter’s ancestor, William Devereux, also held land at Elnodestune, Herefordshire at Domesday in 1086. Cecilia put forward a claim in late 1201 on 140 acres of bocage (woods and pasture) in Mescott, part of Alnatheston (Elnodestune), as the heir of her uncle, Roger Devereux, who held the land of Walter de Lacy.[50] The court found in her favor, and validated her claim in January 1202.[51][52]

Reginald de Dunhers of Elnodestune would counter her claim to 33 acres in Elnodestune. On 22 June 1205 Cecilia Devereux put Simon Tirell in her place for this land plea.[53] Dunhers requested a delay of the hearing due to illness. In May 1206 Richard of Chandos, John Bankington, Geoffrey Ruff, and Jordan of Manington were sent to confirm that Reginald de Dunhers was truly too ill to attend the court proceedings. On 25 May 1206 they confirmed that he was incapacitated, and a new hearing granted for 26 June 1207 at the Tower of London.[54] On 26 June 1206 the delay granted on 25 May 1206 due to Reginald’s illness was again confirmed, and the delay was extended indefinitely due to the absence of Reginald’s son, John de Dunhers, in the service of the king overseas.[55] On 29 January 1207 Cecilia Devereux claimed in court that the 33 acres in Elnodestune were hers by hereditary right as they had been held by her grandfather, William Devereux, in the time of Henry, father of the king.[56] Reginald denied her right making a grand assize of his own claiming a greater right to the land, and a day was granted on 6 May 1207 to hear the case. Reginald put his son, John of Dunhers, in his place for this hearing. On 7 October 1207 Reginald de Dunhers gave the king 1 mark for an agreement between him and Cecilia Devereux regarding the 33 acres in Elnodestune. The payment was guaranteed by pledge of John de Dunhers and Lawrence Canute.[57]

On 26 January 1222 Cecilia Devereux paid the court a half mark to move a case from the regional court to the superior courts held during Easter term at Westminster. The plea involved the complaint of Richard Fulcon (Fulton) concerning 2 knight’s fees in Alnathestun (Elnodestune).[58] The half mark was recorded as paid on the Pipe Roll for Michaelmas 1223.[59] On 14 January 1224 Richard, son of Godfrey Fulton, brought suit against Cecilia Devereux for one knight’s fee in Elnodestune, and one knight’s fee in Putley.[60] His claim was based on the land being held by his uncle, Roger Devereux, in the time of King Henry,[lower-alpha 14] grandfather of the King,[lower-alpha 15] and assessed at a value of 20 shillings.[lower-alpha 16] Roger Devereux died without heirs and his rights passed to a sister, Sybil Devereux. Sybil had a son, Godfrey Fulton, and a grandson, the complainant Richard Fulton.[lower-alpha 17] Cecilia countered Fulton’s claims. Concerning the fee of Elnodestune, she did not hold that fee directly, but as part of the holding of Walter de Lacy. Richard Fulton could not counter this and yielded his complaint. Concerning the fee of Putley, she denied holding a whole fee, but admitted possessing a third of a fee. Richard Fulton indicated that regardless of whether it is a third or a whole fee, this is the fee that corresponds to his ancestor's holding. Cecilia put forward that the court should deny his claim as Roger Devereux had two sisters, Orenge and Sybil, and they possess an equal claim. As the descendents of Orenge put forward no claim,[lower-alpha 18] she asserts that she should not respond to the current complaint. Fulton countered that Orenge never married the man she was betrothed to, and her children by Parson Ralph de Lichelade were illegitimate. Cecilia put forward that it is true Orenge did not marry her fiancée, but land was given her as dowry based on her relationship with Parson Ralph. These rights passed to her children thereby establishing their legitimacy. The land passed to Orenge’s son, Master Ralph de Lechelad, who gave it to his brother, William. Cecilia showed that she had sued William, and the king’s court found in Lechelad’s favor confirming legitimacy. She called for the court to vouch this warranty, which was done, and the court found in favor of Cecilia.[61] About 1235, the Book of Fees compiled the military tenants of the Honour of Weobley who held of Walter de Lacy. The list included William Devereux, grandson of Cecilia by her eldest son, Stephen, holding a half fee in (Lower) Hayton, Salop; and Cecilia Devereux and her son, Nicholas, holding four fees with William de Furches. Nicholas Devereux's holdings included Chanstone manor in Elnodestune, Herefordshire.

Walter’s ancestor, William Devereux, also had land at Putley at the time of Domesday in 1086.[62][63] William Devereux granted the chapel of Putley to the canons of the Church of Saint Mary and Saint Ethelbert (later incorporated into Hereford). The gift would be confirmed by later charters[64]The Testa de Nevill showed Cecilia Devereux holding land in Putley.[65] She put forward a claim on the church at Putley, which was granted by the king’s court.

In April 1205 the Bishop of Hereford was summoned to appear before the court for his refusal to admit a suitable priest to this church currently in the possession of Cecilia Devereux. In his defense he stated that the clergy of the Hereford Chapter refused to allow an appointment as they claimed possession of this chapel. They requested the right to present their case.[66] On 6 June 1205 Hugh, Dean of Hereford, paid 2 marks for convening another court to hear his suit countering the recognition of Cecilia’s holding of the chapel at Putley.[67][68] On 29 June 1206, the Bishop of Hereford and his attorney appeared before the court claiming the church of Putley as their right, and that the grant to Cecilia Devereux had only occurred because the hearing proceeded too quickly to allow them to present their case. When the canons were informed of Cecilia’s claim, they had requested that the sheriff of Hereford put her claim on hold and were told this would require a warrant of the king. The canons submitted an assize presenting their position, and paid 12 shillings for the court to be summoned.[69] On 15 October 1206 the Canons of Hereford appeared to show by what right the claim of Cecilia to the chapel of Putley should be set aside. They argued that they had been in possession of the chapel for over 60 years, and presented the original charter granting them the chapel by William Devereux. They also presented a charter the Bishop of Hereford, which later confirmed the original grant. They argued that the granting of the claim of Cecilia Devereux had occurred too quickly for them to respond, and when they had discovered that it had occurred they began the proceedings to regain their rights. On the payment of 40 shillings, the sheriff was ordered to have a jury assembled on 26 November 1206.[70] The sheriff failed to gather the jury on this day and the hearing was postponed to January 1207.[71] Hugh, Dean of Hereford, put Walter de la Puille in his place for the hearing now occurring on 29 January 1207.[72] On this date the court found in favor of the Canons of Hereford. On 7 October 1207 Cecilia Devereux was fined 3 marks, and she released her claims and those of her future heirs. The canons paid Cecilia 8 marks, and granted her the privilege of having her name celebrated in Hereford Cathedral at the annual thanksgiving to benefactors, and daily in service of the church of Putley.[73][74]

Notes

  1. ↑ The Devereux arms were depicted on the shield of one of 12 knights surrounding Bernard de Neufmarche in the stained glass of Worcester Cathedral, and Walter of Lyonshall made a grant on the foundation charter of Neufmarche for Brecon Priory
  2. ↑ Miles de Gloucester had married Sybil, daughter of Bernard de Neufmarché
  3. ↑ This was facilitated in 1138 when King Stephen, while in pursuit of Geoffrey Talbot, captured Hereford and Weobley for a time, and Hereford was set on fire
  4. ↑ The Great Rolls of the Pipe from 1159 to 1164 during the reign of Henry II list in Herefordshire Walter Devereux being granted 9 shillings 'In terris datis.'
  5. ↑ Humphrey II de Bohun married Margaret, the eldest daughter of Miles de Gloucester, earl of Hereford
  6. ↑ William de Braose Senior had married Berta, daughter of Miles de Gloucester, earl of Hereford
  7. ↑ Assise de morte antecessoris inter Walter de Euereus et fratres Ospitalis Jerusalem de 2 marcas redditus in Reneshullis est in praesentia domini Cantuariensis per literas suas directas justiciaris itinerantibus et recognicio non venerunt nisi vis et Henri de Saers esse se per Walter filius Walter et Walter de Wurmesle esse se per Hugonis filius Elie
  8. ↑ She was the sister of William de Longchamp, Bishop of Ely, and her other brother, Stephen de Longchamp, granted land to her eldest son, Stephen Devereux.
  9. ↑ John Devereux witnessed his brother, Stephen Devereux’s, grant to Wormsley Priory. He is known to have had a son, Walter Devereux, who was given as hostage for his good behavior to King Henry III.
  10. ↑ He had children that were in possession of Chanstone and other lands in Hereford throughout the 13th century.
  11. ↑ This actually refers to the great-great-grandfather of her husband, William Devereux who died after 1110. The descent from this William Devereux of Domesday was as follows: William Devereux (died after 1110), Walter Devereux (died circa 1130), Walter Devereux (died about 1166), John Devereux (died 1187), and this Walter Devereux
  12. ↑ William Devereux actually held the land in the time of Henry I who reigned from 1106 to 1135
  13. ↑ The descent from this William Devereux of Domesday was as follows: William Devereux (died after 1110), Walter Devereux (died circa 1130), Roger Devereux Senior (died before 1189), Orenge Devereux, and William de Lechelad
  14. ↑ Henry II who reigned from 1154 to 1189
  15. ↑ Henry III who reigned from 1216 to 1272
  16. ↑ Roger Devereux held 4 knight’s fees in Herefordshire in 1166
  17. ↑ The descent from William Devereux of Domesday was as follows: William Devereux (died after 1110), Walter Devereux (died circa 1130), Roger Devereux Senior (died before 1189), Sybil Devereux, Godfrey Fulton, and Richard Fulton. Sybil’s brother was Roger Devereux Junior
  18. ↑ The de Lechelad family discussed above

General References

Specific References

  1. ↑ Brock W. Holden. Lords of the Central Marches. (Oxford; Oxford University Press, 2008). page 92
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Morgan G. Watkins. Collections Towards the History and Antiquities of the County of Hereford in continuation of Duncumb’s History, Hundred of Radlow. (High Town [Hereford]: Jakeman & Carver, 1902). Page 42 to 49. Parish of Castle Frome, Genealogy contributed by Lord Hereford
  3. ↑ The Picards or Pychards of … Brecknockshire; … Herefordshire, and … Worcestershire. (London; Golding and Lawrence, 1878). Pages 2-4, 171
  4. ↑ Jim Bradbury. Stephen and Matilda, The Civil War of 1139-1153. (Somerset: Sutton Publishing, 1998). Pages 57.
  5. ↑ Jim Bradbury. Stephen and Matilda, The Civil War of 1139-1153. (Somerset: Sutton Publishing, 1998). Pages 90-98.
  6. ↑ Jim Bradbury. Stephen and Matilda, The Civil War of 1139-1153. (Somerset: Sutton Publishing, 1998). Pages 108-112.
  7. ↑ The Great Roll of the Pipe for the Sixth Year of the Reign of King Henry the Second, AD 1159-1160. Pipe Roll Society, Volume 2. (London: Wymand & Sons, 1884). Page 29 and 30.
  8. ↑ The Great Roll of the Pipe for the Tenth Year of the Reign of King Henry the Second, AD 1163-1164. Pipe Roll Society, Volume 7. (London: Wyman & Sons, 1886). Page 5 and 6.
  9. 1 2 3 Evelyn Philip Shirley. Stemmata Shirleiana. (Westminster: Nichols and Sons, 1873). page 103
  10. ↑ Joseph Hunter (editor). The Great Roll of the Pipe for the First Year of the Reign of King Richard the First, 1189-1190. (London: Public Record Office, 1844). Page 144 to 145, 1 Richard I, De Oblatis Curiae
  11. ↑ T Duffus Hardy (editor). Rotuli de Liberate ac de Misis et Praestitis, Regnante Johanne. London: George E. Etre and Andrew Spottiswoode, 1844. Page 194, and 205
  12. ↑ Placitorum in domo capitulari Westmonasteriensi asservatorum abbrevatio, temporibus regum Ric. I., Johann., Henr. III, Edw. I, Edw. II. Printed by Command of His Majesty King George III in pursuance of an address of The House of Commons of Great Britain. 1811. Page 2
  13. ↑ Francis Palgrave (editor). Rotuli curiae Regis: rolls and records of the court held before the King’s justices, volume 1, From the sixth year of King Richard I to the ascension of King John. London, 1835. Page 14.
  14. ↑ Theophilus Jones. A History of the County of Brecknock, Containing the Chorography, General History, Religion Laws, Customs, Manners, Language, and System of Agriculture Used in That County. London: Phillimore & Co, 1898 Edition. Page 212
  15. ↑ Brock W. Holden. Lords of the Central Marches. Oxford; Oxford University Press, 2008. Page 70. Cartularium Prioratus S. Johannis Evang. De Brecon, 14.33
  16. ↑ Theophilus Jones. A History of the County of Brecknock. (London: George North, 1809). Volume 2, Part 1, Pages 87 to 88
  17. ↑ Hubert Hall (Editor). The Red Book of the Exchequer. London: Printed for H. M. Stationery Off., by Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1896. Page 602, Part 2
  18. ↑ Roger Dodsworth. Monasticon Anglicanum by William Dugsdale. (London: 1673). Vol. 3, Additions to Volume 2, Stephen Devereux Charters for Lyonshall, page 49, 53
  19. ↑ Excerpta E Rotulis Finium in Turri Londinensi Asservatis, Henrico Tertio Rege, 1216-1272. 1831. Entry 504, membrane 4, 2 September 1245
  20. ↑ Robert William Eyton. Antiquities of Shropshire. (London: JR Smith, 1857). Pages 204-205
  21. ↑ HC Maxwell Lyte (editor). Calendar of Close Rolls, Henry III, Volume 1, 1227-1231. Published 1902. 2 April 1229, membrane 12
  22. ↑ HC Maxwell Lyte (editor). Calendar of Close Rolls, Henry III, Volume 2, 1231 to 1234. Published 1905. 17 August 1233, membrane 6d.
  23. ↑ Thomas Duffus Hardy. Rotuli Chartarum In Turri Londinensi Asservati: Pars 1. Ab anno MCXCIX ad annum MCCXVI, volume 1. Printed by Command of His Majesty King William IV. 1837. Page 94, membrane 8, 25 March 1229
  24. ↑ Liber Feodorum. The Book of Fees Commonly Called Testa de Nevill, Reformed From the Earliest Mss. By The Deputy Keeper of the Records. Part 1, AD 1198 -1242. London: Published by his Majesty’s Stationery Office. 1920. Pages 631-2
  25. ↑ Robert William Eyton. Antiquities of Shropshire. (London: JR Smith, 1857). Pages 26-29
  26. ↑ M.A. Faraday (editor). Deeds of the Palmer's Gild of Ludlow. (Shropshire: 2012). Page 243
  27. ↑ Thomas Duffus Hardy (editor). Rotuli Normanniae in turri Londinensi Asservati, Johanne et Henrico Quinto, Angliae Regibus, Volume 1 1200-1205. London. 1835. Page 86
  28. ↑ Thomas Asbridge. The Greatest Knight. (New York: Harper Collins, 2014). Page 249
  29. ↑ Charles Johnson and HA Cronne (editors). Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, 1066-1154; Volume II, Regesta Henrici Primi, 1100-1135. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1956). Errata and Addenda to Volume I, page 410 LVIa, Addenda No. 379a
  30. ↑ William Henry Hart (editor). Historia et Cartularium Monasterii Sancti Petri Gloucesteriae, Volume 2. (London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, 1863). Page 40
  31. ↑ Francis Palgrave (editor). Rotuli curiae Regis: rolls and records of the court held before the King’s justices, volume 1, From the sixth year of King Richard I to the accession of King John. (London: Public Record Office, 1835). Page 339, membrane 6
  32. ↑ Curia Regis Rolls, Volume 7, 15 John I to 16 John I with 9 Richard I. (London: Public Record office, 1971). Page 339; Curia Regis Roll 35, Easter Term
  33. ↑ Francis Palgrave (editor). Rotuli curiae Regis: rolls and records of the court held before the King’s justices, volume 1, From the sixth year of King Richard I to the accession of King John. (London: Public Record Office, 1835). Page 291
  34. ↑ Francis Palgrave (editor). Rotuli curiae Regis: rolls and records of the court held before the King’s justices, volume 1, From the sixth year of King Richard I to the accession of King John. (London: Public Record Office, 1835). Page 435
  35. ↑ Francis Palgrave (editor). Rotuli curiae Regis: rolls and records of the court held before the King’s Justiciars or justices, volume 2, The First Year of King John. (London: Public Record Office, 1835). Page 103
  36. ↑ Francis Palgrave (editor). Rotuli curiae Regis: rolls and records of the court held before the King’s Justiciars or justices, volume 2, The First Year of King John. (London: Public Record Office, 1835). Page 188
  37. ↑ Deputy Keeper of the Records. Curia Regis Rolls, Volume 1, 2 John I. (London: Public Record office, 1971). Page 172; Roll 16, 29 May 1200, Trinity Term, membrane 17
  38. ↑ Deputy Keeper of the Records. Curia Regis Rolls, Volume 1, 2 John I. (London: Public Record office, 1971). Page 401; Roll 24, 2 John 1, Hilary Term, membrane 21 at Westminster
  39. ↑ Placitorum in domo capitulari Westmonasteriensi asservatorum abbrevatio, temporibus regum Ric. I., Johann., Henr. III, Edw. I, Edw. II. (London: Public Record Office, 1811). Page 87, 14 October 13 John I at Westminster, Roll 16d
  40. ↑ Curia Regis Rolls, Volume 6, 13 John I to 14 John I. (London: Public Record office, 1971). Page 144; Curia Regis Roll 54; Michaelmas Term
  41. ↑ Curia Regis Rolls. (London: Public Record Office). Page 171; Michaelmas Term, 19 November 13 John 1211
  42. ↑ Curia Regis Rolls, Volume 6, 13 John I to 14 John I. (London: Public Record office, 1971). Page 194; Curia Regis Roll 54; Hilary Term
  43. ↑ Curia Regis Rolls. (London: Public Record Office). Page 339; Trinity Term, 14 John I, Membrane 10
  44. ↑ Curia Regis Rolls. (London: Public Record Office). Page 367; Trinity Term, 14 John I, membrane 17
  45. ↑ Patricia M. Barnes (editor). The Great Roll of the Pipe for the Fourteenth Year of the Reign of King John, Michaelmas 1212 (Pipe Roll 58). (London: Kraus Reprint, 1974). Page 145; Herefordshire
  46. ↑ H.C. Maxwell Lyte (editor). A Descriptive Catalogue of Ancient Deeds, Volume 1. (London: Public Record Office, 1890). B.1228, 30 November 1216.
  47. ↑ Excerpta E Rotulis Finium in Turri Londinensi Asservatis, Henrico Tertio Rege, 1216-1272. (London: Public Record Office, 1831). Entry 100, membrane 6
  48. ↑ Curia Regis Rolls, Volume 9, 4 Henry III. (London: Public Record Office, 1971). Page 102 to 103; Roll 74, Trinity Term, membrane 15
  49. ↑ Deputy Keeper of Records. Liber Feodorum. The book of fees, commonly called the Testa de Nevill. (London: Public Record Office, 1920). Page 819, Gloucester
  50. ↑ Hubert Hall (Editor). The Red Book of the Exchequer. (London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1896). Page 281-2
  51. ↑ Placitorum in domo capitulari Westmonasteriensi asservatorum abbrevatio, temporibus regum Ric. I., Johann., Henr. III, Edw. I, Edw. II. (London: Public Record Office, 1811). Page 33
  52. ↑ Curia Regis Rolls, Volume 1, 2 John I to 3 John I. (London: Public Record office, 1971). Page 33; Roll 25, membrane 6d; Hilary Term, 3 John I
  53. ↑ Curia Regis Rolls, volume 4, 7 John to 8 John. (London: Public Record Office, 1971). Page 40; roll 39, membrane 6d, Trinity Term
  54. ↑ Curia Regis Rolls, Volume 4, 7 John to 8 John. (London: Public Record Office, 1971). Page 87; Roll 37, membrane 3, Easter Term
  55. ↑ Curia Regis Rolls, Volume 4, 7 John to 8 John. (London: Public Record Office, 1971). page 191; roll 42, membrane 15, Trinity Term 8 John I
  56. ↑ Curia Regis Rolls, Volume 5, 8 John I to 9 John I. (London: Public Record office, 1971). Page 15; Roll 44, membrane 2d;Hilary Term
  57. ↑ Curia Regis Rolls, Volume 5, 8 John I to 9 John I. (London: Public Record office, 1971). Page 85; Roll 45, membrane 1; Michaelmas Term
  58. ↑ Excerpta E Rotulis Finium in Turri Londinensi Asservatis, Henrico Tertio Rege, 1216-1272. (London: Public Record Office, 1831). Entry 75, membrane 7, 26 January 1222
  59. ↑ Adrian Jobson and C.F. Slade. The Great Roll of the Pipe for the Seventh Year of the Reign of King Henry III, Michaelmas 1223 (Pipe Roll 67). (London: Quorn Litho, 2008). Page 188
  60. ↑ Major General the Hon. G. Wrottesley. Pedigrees From the Plea Rolls, collected froom the Pleadings in the Various Courts of Law, AD 1200 to 1500, from the Original Rolls in the Public Record Office. (Great Britain: Public Record Office, 1905). Page 517, 14 Jan 1224
  61. ↑ F.W. Maitland (editor). Bracton’s Note Book. A Collection of Cases Decided in the King’s Courts During the Reign of Henry the Third, Annotated by a Lawyer of that Time, Seemingly by Henry of Bratton, Volume II. (London: CJ Clay & Sons, 1887). Page 182, Hilary, AD 1224, A.R. 8. Case 227, Hereford
  62. ↑ William Henry Hart (editor). Historia et Cartularium Monasterii Sancti Petri Gloucesteriae, Volume 1. (London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, 1863). Pages 88, 118, 223, 226, 334, and 350
  63. ↑ William Henry Hart (editor). Historia et Cartularium Monasterii Sancti Petri Gloucesteriae, Volume 2. (London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, 1863). Page 125
  64. ↑ William Dugdale. Monasticon Anglicanum, Volume 6, part III. (London: James Bohn, 12, 1846). Pages 1216, and 1217
  65. ↑ Deputy Keeper of Records. Liber Feodorum. The book of fees, commonly called the Testa de Nevill. (London: Public Record Office, 1920). Page 801
  66. ↑ Placitorum in domo capitulari Westmonasteriensi asservatorum abbrevatio, temporibus regum Ric. I., Johann., Henr. III, Edw. I, Edw. II. (London: Public Record Office, 1811). Page 46, Easter Term 7 John, Hereford, Roll 4
  67. ↑ Curia Regis Rolls, Volume 4, 7 John I to 8 John I. (London: Public Record Office, 1971). Page 23; Roll 39, membrane 3d; Trinity Term, 7 John I
  68. ↑ Sir Thomas Duffus Hardy. Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus in Turri Londinensi Asservati, Tempore Regis Johannis. (London: Public Record Office, 1831). Page 297, 1205
  69. ↑ Collections Towards the History and Antiquities of the County of Hereford in continuation of Duncumb’s History, volume III. By William Henry Cooke. (London: John Murray, Albermarle Street. 1882). Page 92, Greytree Hundred
  70. ↑ Curia Regis Rolls, Volume 4, 7 John I to 8 John I. (London: Public Record Office, 1971). Page 230; Roll 43a, membrane 3
  71. ↑ Curia Regis Rolls, Volume 4, 7 John I to 8 John I. (London: Public Record Office, 1971). Page 302; Roll 43a, membrane 17
  72. ↑ Curia Regis Rolls, Volume 5, 8 John I to 9 John I. (London: Public Record office, 1971). Page 12; Roll 44, membrane 2d; Hilary Term
  73. ↑ Sir William Dugdale. Monasticon Anglicanum, Volume the 6th part III. (London: James Bohn, 1846). Page 1217
  74. ↑ Curia Regis Rolls, Volume 5, 8 John I to 9 John I. (London: Public Record office, 1971). Page 38; Roll 46, membrane 1; Michaelmas Term
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