Compukit UK101

Compukit UK101

A running Compukit UK101
Type microcomputer
Release date 1979 (1979)
CPU 6502 @ 1 MHz

The Compukit UK101 microcomputer (1979) was a kit clone of the Ohio Scientific Superboard II single-board computer, with a few enhancements for the UK market - notably replacing the 24×24 (add guardband kit to give 32×32) screen display with a more useful 48×16 layout working at UK video frequencies. The video output was black and white with 256 characters generated by a two kilobyte ROM. It had no bit-mapped graphics capability. The video was output through a UHF modulator, designed to connect to a TV set.

An assembled UK101, with original manual

History

The UK101 design was published in Practical Electronics, a popular hobbyists magazine at the time. The August, September, October and November 1979 issues carried the four parts of the article, authored by Dr A. A. Berk. Later issues of the magazine contained information on modifications and additions to the machine, including a series of articles on building an expansion unit.

Kits of parts for building the machine were available from CompShop Ltd of 14 Station Road, New Barnet (North London). It is thought that around 5000 kits were produced.

Description

Processor

The Compukit UK101 was powered by a 6502 microprocessor CPU running at 1 MHz, and was equipped with up to 8 kilobytes of RAM using 2114 static RAM chips of 1024×4-bit. An additional memory-mapped 1 KB of RAM was used for the video display. It had the 8K Microsoft BASIC interpreter stored in ROM. In addition to Basic, a 6502 machine code monitor (2Kb) was built into ROM. It allowed programming by entering sequences of 6502 operational codes. Later a two pass assembler was available which allowed the use of assembly language.

Although the 6502 has two interrupt input pins (NMI and IRQ), neither was used by the UK101.

Display

The UK101 had a 16-row, 48-column memory-mapped video display. All scrolling and character output functions were handled by firmware. In the original ROMs, the output functions were rudimentary and did not include a clear-screen function.[1] CPU access to video memory caused noticeable glitches (known as "snow") on the screen.

Keyboard

The keyboard of the UK101 was located on the main PCB, and comprised a matrix of keyswitches. The matrix was interfaced to the CPU via two 8-bit I/O ports, and was polled by firmware in the machine's ROMs. One key was a latching type, the shift-lock key. When supplied as a kit, the keyboard was assembled by the purchaser from a bag of switches and keytops.

The keyboard ports were located at address DF00 (hex), or 57088 (decimal). BASIC programs typically polled for real-time keyboard input by using the PEEK and POKE commands at that address. Because the keyboard lacked any way to generate an interrupt, it was not possible to typeahead. The keyboard matrix also lacked any diodes at the intersections of the matrix. This led to problems when reading certain combinations of keys pressed simultaneously. The matrix was designed to allow only the shift, control and shift-lock keys to be pressed simultaneously with another key. The keyswitches themselves were originally manufactured by Cherry.

Program Storage

In common with other home computers of the time, software could be saved and loaded on standard cassette tapes. The UK101 used the Kansas City standard tape format. I/O was managed by a Motorola 6850 ACIA. This allowed a full RS-232 port to be implemented, with the addition of a few extra components and minor modifications to existing jumpers on the board.

Compared to the Superboard

Although very similar to the Ohio Scientific Superboard II, the Compukit UK101 differed from that machine in a few places.

1. Video display of the UK101 worked at UK frequency and resolution. 2. RF output was UHF, to suit domestic TVs in the UK. 3. Power supply was located on the main PCB and accepted UK 240V AC mains input (via a transformer). 4. Display improved to 48 characters per line 5. Memory increased to 8KB

However, similarities in the PCB layout make it clear that this machine is a clone. The people involved with the modifications were Chris Cary and Bill Wood.

Expansion

The 40 pin expansion socket opened up the world to the UK101. One could attach a dual floppy disk controller (5.25") and a memory expansion card (40K max) to allow faster and reliable save/load of programs/data.

A sound card became available, built around the General Instrument AY-3-8910, which together with a peripheral interface Adaptor (PIA) chip - 6521, gave the UK101 VOICE.

Notes

  1. ↑ This is not technically correct. There was a screen clear function used during the reset cycle, but it was buried as an in-line routine in the reset code and was not available as a callable subroutine.

External links

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