Transportation in Vancouver

Transportation in Vancouver, British Columbia has many of the features of modern cities worldwide. Unlike many large metropolises, Vancouver has no freeways into or through the downtown area. A proposed freeway through the downtown was rejected in the 1960s by a coalition of citizens, community leaders and planners. This event "signalled the emergence of a new concept of the urban landscape" and has been a consistent element of the city's planning ever since.

As the city is surrounded by water on three sides, it has several bridges to the north and south. Although similar to most other cities in that the automobile serves as the primary mode of transportation, it does have alternatives such as the SkyTrain system which is the longest fully automated light metro system in North America (second longest in the world) ^[1] as well as an extensive network of bike routes.

Vancouver is one of the only major cities in North America without ridesharing services (such as Uber), due to a provincial law banning their operation.^[2]

Vancouver transit map, 2016

Public transportation

TransLink Major Route Diagram
Lonsdale Quay UBC Loop Allison Sasamat Waterfront Burrard Granville Street Alma / W 10th Granville Macdonald Vancouver City Centre Yaletown–Roundhouse Cambie Street Arbutus Stadium–Chinatown Granville Street Main Street–Science World Heather / Willow Olympic VIllage Broadway–City Hall Main Street King Edward Main Street Fraser proposed Broadway extension Clark Drive VCC–Clark Oakridge–41st Commercial Drive Commercial–Broadway Nanaimo Street Langara–49th Renfrew Street Marine Drive Nanaimo 29th Avenue Renfrew Joyce–Collingwood Kootenay Loop Rupert Gilmore Gilmore Avenue Bridgeport Brentwood Town Centre Patterson Willingdon Avenue Holdom Hythe Avenue Metrotown Holdom Avenue Royal Oak Sperling–Burnaby Lake Templeton Kensington Avenue Sea Island Centre Lake City Way YVR–Airport Production Way–University Edmonds Duthie Avenue 22nd Street Lougheed Town Centre New Westminster Braid Columbia Sapperton Aberdeen SFU Transportation Centre Lansdowne SFU Exchange Richmond–Brighouse Guildford Exchange Burquitlam 148 Street Moody Centre / Port Moody 144 Street Scott Road 140 Street Gateway Whalley Surrey Central Inlet Centre King George spur for Port Coquitlam extension proposed Expo extension Coquitlam Central 96 Avenue Lincoln 88 Avenue Lafarge Lake–Douglas 80 Avenue Port Coquitlam 76 Avenue Newton Exchange Pitt Meadows Maple Meadows Port Haney Mission City
Legend  Expo Line Millennium Line Evergreen Extension (Millennium Line) Canada Line West Coast Express SeaBus B-Line bus routes (95 / 96 / 99) Note: 95 B-Line starts on Dec 19, 2016   Fare Zone 1 Fare Zone 2 Fare Zone 3 Fare Zone 4 (West Coast Express only) Fare Zone 5 (West Coast Express only)

Open and enclosed BC Electric streetcars in 1910 on Granville Street

The Metro Vancouver operates a regional rapid mass transit network, under the auspices of the South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority (formerly Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority). Known as TransLink, it is responsible for all aspects of municipal transportation. In addition to public transport, TransLink is also responsible for maintaining roads and providing ferry service within the Lower Mainland.

TransLink is introducing a smart card based electronic payment system called the Compass Card to replace existing monthly and daily passes, tickets and cash.^[3][4] Translink has been slowly phasing in use of the Compass Card. Summer 2015 will see most post-secondary school students begin using the fare cards. Translink is scheduled to rollout the card to the general population by the end of 2015.^[5] The Compass Card will have a $6 refundable deposit.^[6] The Compass Card is a NXP Mifare DESFire EV1 card.^[7]

Bus service

Electric trolley bus

Bus service operates throughout most the region under a subsidiary of Translink, known as Coast Mountain Bus Company. Translink was established by the Provincial Government as a way to divorce itself from the responsibilities of roads, bridges and transit service. Ultimately, it is the Provincial Government that retains responsibility for funding of all projects under the aegis of Translink.^[8] Service in West Vancouver and Lions Bay is contracted through West Vancouver Blue Bus.

All buses are wheelchair-accessible and a large number carry bike racks, able to carry one or two wheelchairs and bicycles respectively. Vancouver is actively maintaining and upgrading its trolleybus fleet. With recent purchases of 188 E40LFRs and 74 E60LFRs from New Flyer Industries (in 2005–2009),^[9] the trolley network serves the downtown core and much of the city of Vancouver proper with fully wheelchair-accessible and bicycle-friendly zero-emission buses.

Certain diesel commuter buses which travel to the suburbs as RapidBus have bicycle racks, wheelchair lifts, and comfortable high back Greyhound-style seats. Frequency in Greater Vancouver ranges from every couple of minutes within downtown Vancouver to two to three trips a day in far-flung suburbs such as Maple Ridge, Langley, and Aldergrove.

SkyTrain

SkyTrain on the Millennium Line.

The SkyTrain is an Advanced rapid metro system operating fully automated trains on three lines. Built for the Expo 86 World's Fair, it has since become the world's longest automated light rapid transit system utilizing the world's longest transit-only bridge, the SkyBridge. The Expo and Millennium Lines link downtown to the suburbs of Burnaby, New Westminster, and Surrey.

A third rapid transit line connecting downtown Vancouver to central Richmond and the Vancouver International Airport, known as the Canada Line, started operation on August 17, 2009. It utilizes Hyundai Rotem instead of the Advanced rapid metro used on the first two lines.

Future expansion

Officials plan to expand the Expo Line, increasing its capacity and extending its route further into the city of Surrey.^[10]

An extension of the Millennium Line, the Evergreen Extension, to Port Moody and Coquitlam is scheduled to be in service by 2017.^[11]

Planning is currently underway for a $2 billion extension to the Millennium Line. The extension will start at the current VCC-Clark SkyTrain station terminus, then run under the Broadway Corridor to terminate at the University of British Columbia.

Once the announced extensions are complete, there will be a total of 79.6 kilometres of rail in the SkyTrain metro network (Expo Line, Millennium Line with Evergreen Extension, Canada Line) covering a majority of the Metro Vancouver region. Long range plans for future lines are being visioned but no additional routes have been formally announced.

Downtown streetcar

The city is planning the first phase of a downtown streetcar from Granville Island around False Creek to Waterfront Station and then to Stanley Park using a combination of modern low-floor trams and heritage streetcars. The Vancouver Downtown Historic Railway is running the phase-zero route, Granville Island-Main Street SkyTrain station, in the summer months, as a demonstration.

From January 21 to March 21, 2010, a free demonstration service called the "Olympic Line" (named after the 2010 Winter Olympics) ran along 1.8 km of the Downtown Historic Railway, from Granville Island to Olympic Village Station, using two Bombardier Flexity Outlook streetcars borrowed from the Brussels tramway.^[12]

Plans are being developed that may extend the streetcar network into Yaletown making a ring around the downtown peninsula as phase two. Longer range plans are being discussed that may extend the streetcar from Granville Island west into the Arbutus corridor, east along Hastings Street and/or south along Main Street. No extensions have yet been announced past phase 1.

West Coast Express

The SkyTrain metro system is projected to include the Canada Line and the Evergreen Line

The West Coast Express, a heavy commuter rail train, serves Port Moody, Coquitlam, Port Coquitlam, Pitt Meadows, Maple Ridge, and Mission. These services have an integrated ticketing system.

SeaBus

The SeaBus is a passenger-only ferry connecting downtown Vancouver and the City of North Vancouver across Burrard Inlet. There are three ferries in the fleet, which is owned and operated by the Coast Mountain Bus Company. The newest vessel was put into service in 2009.

Cycling

Canadian census data shows that cycling mode share for the city is 3.7% as compared to 1.7% for the Metro Vancouver area. In neighbourhoods such as Point Grey, Kitsilano, Mount Pleasant and Grandview Woodlands the cycling mode share can be over 10%. Within the downtown core, the combined walking and cycling mode is as high as 50%.^[13]

Cycling infrastructure

Vancouver is served by a network of over 300 lane-km of on- and off-road bicycle routes.^[14] Most of these routes are local street bikeways (also known as bike boulevards), streets that have extensive traffic calming measures such as traffic circles, and signal control to facilitate crossing of major roads. Neighbourhoods are encouraged to plant and care for the circles and boulevards and add public art along bike routes.

Since 2004, with the implementation of the Downtown Transportation Plan^[15] the City has been adding more bicycle lanes on roads in the densely populated downtown core, signalling its desire to encourage greater commuter use of bicycles. A lack of separated facilities in the downtown core and poor bridge crossings remain as an obstacle to provide facilities that serve the needs of novice and advanced cyclists. The City of Vancouver is continuing to provide additional racks and other types of bike parking.

The Central Valley Greenway, a 25-kilometre green bicycle corridor, was officially opened on June 27, 2009. This route forms a regional connection linking downtown Vancouver to Burnaby and New Westminster. Within the City of Vancouver, the Central Valley Greenway is almost entirely separated from traffic; counts completed by the City of Vancouver show that almost 2,000 cyclists per day were using this route within one month of the opening.

On May 7, 2009, Vancouver City Council approved a bicycle lane trial on the Burrard Bridge which began on July 13. It saw the southbound motor-vehicle curb lane and the northbound-side sidewalk allocated to bicycles, with the southbound-side sidewalk allocated to pedestrians. The reassigned lane was separated from motor vehicles by a physical barrier.^[16] As part of the trial, traffic pattern changes to accommodate feeder bicycle traffic were also completed on Pacific St. next to the North bridgehead over complaints from local merchants that cited lack of consultation and a negative impact on their businesses.^[17][18] Two weeks into the trial, the City of Vancouver released a data report showing daily bicycle travel across the bridge had increased by an average of 30%. The same report indicated little change in pedestrian trips, a slight drop in motor vehicle trips, but no change in motor vehicle travel times between 12th Avenue and Georgia Street along Burrard via the bridge.^[19]

Proposed cycling infrastructure upgrades have often been met with concerns about impacts to the business community. Three days into the Burrard Bridge Bike Lane trial, a local merchant reported a 46% drop in sales compared to the same days the year before.^[20] Six weeks into the trial another local merchant reported a 25% drop in sales, and a local restaurant reported a 30% drop in sales.^[21] In July 2011, Stantec was commissioned by the city to survey businesses in areas around recently installed downtown bike lanes in order to prepare a report summarizing impacts to businesses of the bike lanes; 32% of business responded to the survey. The study concluded that there was a total loss of $2.4 million in sales for nearby businesses amounting to $480,000 in lost profits a year, which was categorized as "moderate economic impacts."^[22]

Translink, the regional transportation authority, permits two bicycles aboard each SkyTrain car at all times except in the peak direction at morning and afternoon rush periods. The Canada Line Skytrain permits one bicycle per car with no limitations on time of day or direction. All buses are now equipped with bicycle racks.^[23] The Seabus, which connects Vancouver to North Vancouver, allows up to six bicycles per sailing during all hours of operation.

Bike share

On July 20, 2016, a bicycle sharing system known as Mobi launched.

Bicycle theft

On August 24, 2009, the Vancouver Police Department announced a sharp increase in bicycle theft, with the first 3 weeks of August experiencing a 53 percent increase in thefts over 2008.^[24] Constable Jana McGuinness, Vancouver Police spokeswoman was quoted as saying, "there is no link between the increase in bike thefts and the recent dedicated bike lanes on Burrard Bridge."^[25]

Freeways

Provincial highways and freeways in Metro Vancouver

Municipal bylaws and geography have protected Vancouver from the spread of urban freeways, and the only freeway within city limits is Highway 1, which passes through the eastern edge of the city. All other limited-access routes entering the city (Highway 99, Knight Street, Grant McConachie Way), cease being freeways before they enter Vancouver's city limits.

The reason for the lack of freeways in Vancouver is primarily due to the protests of concerned citizens as the city was being developed. During the late 1950s proposals were made by the City to put a freeway through the heart of Chinatown. The Chinese community joined together with white supporters to prevent the freeway from being implemented and by 1971 Chinatown was declared a historical area. The only sections built were the Dunsmuir and Georgia viaducts, which are now low-speed streets.^[26]

Airport

Vancouver International Airport

Vancouver Harbour Water Airport

Vancouver is served by Vancouver International Airport (YVR), located on Sea Island in the City of Richmond, immediately south of Vancouver. YVR is the second busiest airport in Canada and one of the busiest international airports on the west coast of North America.

Vancouver Harbour Water Aerodrome on Burrard Inlet and a heliport near Waterfront Station link downtown directly to Victoria, Nanaimo and YVR.

Rail

The front of Pacific Central Station, as seen from Thornton Park

Rail service is operated from the following stations:

• Waterfront Station (Vancouver) - Regional rail service operated by West Coast Express to Mission.
• Pacific Central Station - Inter-city passenger rail service is operated by Via Rail to the interior and Eastern Canada, Toronto, and intermediate points aboard The Canadian. Inter-city passenger rail service operated by Amtrak Cascades to Seattle, Washington and Portland, Oregon.
• Rocky Mountaineer Station - Tour passenger train services operated by the Rocky Mountaineer to the interior, Rocky Mountains en route to Calgary and Jasper.
• North Vancouver Station - Whistler Mountaineer started daily service between North Vancouver and Whistler.

False Creek Ferry

Ferries

Two BC Ferry terminals serve the Greater Vancouver area. One is to the northwest at Horseshoe Bay in West Vancouver, and the other is to the south, at Tsawwassen. Routes link the mainland to Vancouver Island, the Sunshine Coast, and the Gulf Islands.

Mini-Ferry

Aquabus and False Creek Ferries are private companies that operate passenger and bicycle ferries connecting the downtown peninsula with Granville Island and the False Creek neighbourhoods. English Bay Launch operates daily scheduled foot-passenger water taxi service between Granville Island, Coal Harbour and Bowen Island. Coastal Link Ferries operates daily scheduled foot-passenger water taxi service between Coal Harbour, West Vancouver, and Bowen Island.^[27]

Taxicabs

Several private taxicab companies operate 24-hour service in Vancouver, including Yellow Cabs, Vancouver Taxi, Black Top Cabs, and MacLure's Cabs. Taxis and drivers are regulated by the city and, as of 2006, 477 licensed cabs operate in the city, including 59 wheelchair-accessible vehicles.^[28] As of 2009, a taxi ride to or from Vancouver International Airport costs approximately $30–$32.^[29] Cabs in Vancouver are powered by gasoline, natural gas, and electricity.There is also a pedicab company operating in downtown Vancouver called Tikki Tikki pedicabs. Tikki Tikki usually operate on Thursday, Friday and Saturday night.

Major streets

Downtown

• Georgia Street
• Burrard Street
• Robson Street
• Davie Street
• Denman Street
• Howe Street
• Pacific Boulevard

City

• Granville Street
• Main Street
• Broadway
• Cambie Street
• Kingsway
• Hastings Street
• Commercial Drive
• Oak Street
• King Edward Avenue
• Boundary Road
• Clark Street/Knight Street
• Marine Drive
• Knight Street

References

External links

• City of Vancouver transportation information
• TransLink - The Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority