Timon of Athens (person)

This is about the figure who inspired Shakespeare's Timon of Athens. For the Greek philosopher see Timon of Phlius.

Timon renounces society (1803 engraving for Shakespeare, Timon of Athens, Act IV, Scene 1)

Timon of Athens (Greek: Τίμων ὁ Ἀθηναῖος, gen.: Τίμωνος) was a citizen of Athens whose reputation for misanthropy grew to legendary status. According to the historian Plutarch, Timon lived during the era of the Peloponnesian War (431 BC – 404 BC).

Overview

According to Lucian, Timon was the wealthy son of Echecratides who lavished his money on flattering friends. When his funds ran out, the friends deserted him and Timon was reduced to working in the fields. One day, he found a pot of gold and soon his fair-weather friends were back. This time, he drove them away with dirt clods.

Both Aristophanes and Plato Comicus mention Timon as an angry despiser of mankind who held Alcibiades in high regard because he correctly believed Alcibiades would someday harm Athens.

Cultural references

• In Lysistrata, the chorus of old women claim that although Timon hated men, he was friendly and courteous towards women.
• According to Strabo (Geography XVII.9), after his defeat at Actium (2 September 31 BC), Mark Antony built a retreat at the end of a mole of land projecting into the harbor of Alexandria which he named the Timonium, after Timon of Athens, as Antony considered himself to be, like Timon, forsaken by his friends, and desired to live the rest of his days in solitude.
• According to local history, much of the area of present-day Timonium, Maryland was once part of a large plantation. Upon the early death of its owner, his widow went into mourning and renamed the estate "Timonium".
• Timon is the inspiration for the William Shakespeare play Timon of Athens.
• Timon is the eponym of the words Timonist, Timonism, Timonian, and Timonize.
• Jonathan Swift claims to maintain a different sort of misanthropy than Timon in a letter to Alexander Pope.
• William Saxey (died 1612), a judge noted for misanthropy, was called "Timon that endureth no man".

References

• Armstrong, A. Macc. "Timon of Athens - A Legendary Figure?", Greece & Rome, 2nd Ser., Vol. 34, No. 1 (April 1987), pp. 7–11

William Shakespeare's Timon of Athens
Characters	Timon Alcibiades Apemantus
Sources	Palace of Pleasure (1566)
Adaptations	Timon (1973) Timon of Athens (1981)
Revisions	The History of Timon of Athens the Man-hater (1677)