Timeline of Freetown
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Freetown, Sierra Leone.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Prior to 19th century
- 1787
- 9 May: Settlers arrive from Portsmouth, England.[1]
- Granville Town, Province of Freedom established by the London-based Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor.
- 1789 - Granville Town burned down.
- 1792 - Freetown established by black American ex-slaves (called the Nova Scotian Settlers) under the auspices of the Sierra Leone Company.[1]
- 1794 - September: Settler Town attacked by French.[1]
19th century
Freetown, 1803
- 1800
- September: Rebellion of Nova Scotian Settlers.[2]
- Jamaican Maroon settlers arrive.[1][3]
- 1805 - Martello Tower built.
- 1808
- Freetown settlement becomes a British crown colony.[4]
- "Slavers court" established.[1]
- 1811 - Population: 1,900.[5]
- 1812 - Wilberforce suburb founded for Liberated Africans."[1]
- 1816 - Krootown established.[6]
- 1822
- Rawdon Street Methodist Church built.[2][7]
- Population: 4,785.[8]
- 1827 - Fourah Bay College established.
- 1828 - St. George's Cathedral, Freetown built.
- 1830s - Foulah Town Mosque built.
- 1845
- Church Mission Society Grammar School founded.[9]
- John Ezzidio becomes mayor.
- 1846 - Cline Town established.[10]
- 1847 - Female Institution (school) founded.[9]
- 1853 - Inhabitants become "British subjects."
- 1865 - Samuel Lewis becomes mayor.
- 1866 - St. Edward's Primary School founed.
- 1867 - Government Wharf built.[1]
- 1872 - Pope Hennessy Day festival begins.[11]
- 1873 - Independent newspaper begins publication.[12]
- 1874 - Wesleyan High School for Boys opens.[13]
- 1875 - West African Reporter newspaper begins publication.[14]
- 1884
- 1891 - Population: 30,033.[15]
- 1893 - Town attains city status;[1] Freetown City Council established.[16]
- 1895 - Governor's residence built.
- 1898 - Bank of British West Africa branch[17] and ice factory[18] established.
- 1899 - Songo Town-Freetown railway begins operating.[18]
20th century
- 1904
- John Henry Malamah Thomas becomes mayor.
- Albert Academy founded.
- 1905
- Madrasa Islamia active.[19]
- Lisk-Carew photo studio in business.[20]
- 1918 - Population: 34,000 (approximate).[21]
- 1919 - July: Strike and anti-Syrian riot.[22]
- 1922 - St. Edward's Secondary School founded.
- 1923 - Girls' Industrial and Technical Training School established.[23]
- 1925 - Prince of Wales School founded.
- 1926
- 1928 - East End Lions Football Club formed.
- 1930 - Women granted right to vote.[23]
- 1932
- 1938
- West African Youth League and League of Coloured Peoples branch headquartered in Freetown.[5][23]
- Freetown Secondary School for Girls established.[25]
- 1948
- Eustace Henry Taylor Cummings becomes mayor.
- Population: 64,576.[1]
- 1953 - Deep Water Quay construction begins.
- 1961 - City becomes capital of Commonwealth realm of Sierra Leone.[4]
- 1962 - Siaka Stevens becomes mayor.
- 1964 - Bank of Sierra Leone headquartered in city.
- 1965 - Sierra Leone Port Authority established.[26]
- 1966 - Constance Cummings-John becomes mayor.
- 1971 - City becomes capital of the Republic of Sierra Leone.
- 1977 - Ode-lay Society (social club) formed.[27]
- 1980 - Siaka Stevens Stadium opens.
- 1983 - For Di People newspaper begins publication.
1990s
See also: Sierra Leone Civil War
- 1990 - Population: 529,000 (urban agglomeration).[28]
- 1995 - Population: 603,000 (urban agglomeration).[28]
- 1996 - Freetown/New Haven Sister Cities established.[29]
- 1997
- 1998
- 1999
- January: City besieged by Armed Forces Revolutionary Council/Revolutionary United Front.[5]
- November: United Nations troops arrive.[5]
21st century
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Freetown, 2009
- 2000
- 2002
- Sierra Leone Civil War ends.
- Special Court for Sierra Leone and Kallon Football Club established.
- 2003 - 14 April: Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Sierra Leone) convenes.[5]
- 2004
- Winstanley Bankole Johnson becomes mayor.
- Population: 772,873.
- 2005 - Njala University College established.[32]
- 2010 - Population: 945,423.[33]
- 2012
- Cholera epidemic.[34]
- Sam Franklyn Gibson becomes mayor.
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 H. Reginald Jarrett (1956). "Some Aspects of the Urban Geography of Freetown, Sierra Leone". Geographical Review. 46. JSTOR 211884.
- 1 2 James W. St. G. Walker (1992), The Black loyalists: the search for a promised land in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone, 1783-1870, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, ISBN 0802074022
- ↑ John Wesley Z. Kurewa (2010), "Methodism in Africa", in Charles Yrigoyen, T&T Clark companion to Methodism, London: T&T Clark, ISBN 9780567032935
- 1 2 3 4 "Sierra Leone Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Magbaily C. Fyle (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Sierra Leone. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6504-4.
- ↑ "Sierra Leone". Proceedings of the Royal Colonial Institute. 13. London. 1882.
- ↑ Adrian Hastings (1995), The Church in Africa, 1450-1950, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780198269212
- ↑ Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Freetown", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
- 1 2 Filomena Steady (2006). "Women's Associations and Female Education in Sierra Leone". In Mac Dixon-Fyle and Gibril Cole. New Perspectives on the Sierra Leone Krio. Peter Lang. pp. 267–286. ISBN 978-0-8204-7937-8.
- 1 2 Odile Goerg (1998). "From Hill Station (Freetown) to Downtown Conakry (First Ward): Comparing French and British Approaches to Segregation in Colonial Cities at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century". Canadian Journal of African Studies. 32.
- ↑ Odile Goerg (2002). "Between Everyday Life and Exception: Celebrating Pope Hennessy Day in Freetown, 1872-c.1905". Journal of African Cultural Studies. 15. JSTOR 3181409.
- 1 2 3 "Freetown (Sierra Leone) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- ↑ J.J. Crooks (1903). A history of the colony of Sierra Leone, Western Africa. Dublin: Browne and Nolan.
- ↑ Gustav Kashope Deveneaux (1976). "Public Opinion and Colonial Policy in Nineteenth-Century Sierra Leone". International Journal of African Historical Studies. 9.
- ↑ Michael Banton (1956). "Adaptation and Integration in the Social System of Temne Immigrants in Freetown". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 26. JSTOR 1156673.
- 1 2 3 Akintola J. G. Wyse (1987). "The Dissolution of Freetown City Council in 1926: A Negative Example of Political Apprenticeship in Colonial Sierra Leone". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 57. JSTOR 1159892.
- ↑ Glyn Davies; Roy Davies (2002). "Comparative Chronology of Money" – via University of Exeter.
- 1 2 "Sierra Leone: Report for 1899". Annual Colonial Reports. London. 299. 1900.
- ↑ L. Proudfoot (1959). "Mosque-Building and Tribal Separatism in Freetown East". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 29.
- ↑ Erika Nimis (2005). Photographes d'Afrique de l'Ouest: l'expérience yoruba (in French). Éditions Karthala. ISBN 978-2-84586-691-1.
- ↑ Harold Michell (1919), An introduction to the geography of Sierra Leone, London: Waterlow and Sons, OCLC 10455682
- ↑ Ibrahim Abdullah (1994). "Rethinking the Freetown Crowd: The Moral Economy of the 1919 Strikes and Riot in Sierra Leone". Canadian Journal of African Studies. 28.
- 1 2 3 LaRay Denzer (1987). "Women in Freetown Politics, 1914-61: A Preliminary Study". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 57.
- ↑ L. Proudfoot (1961). "Towards Muslim Solidarity in Freetown". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 31. JSTOR 1158102.
- 1 2 Magbaily C. Fyle (2006). Historical Dictionary of Sierra Leone. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6504-4.
- ↑ David Fashole Luke (1985). "Dock Workers of the Port of Freetown: A Case Study of African Working-Class Ambivalence". Canadian Journal of African Studies. 19. JSTOR 484515.
- ↑ "Guinea Coast, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- 1 2 3 "The State of African Cities 2010: Governance, Inequalities and Urban Land Markets". United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 2010.
- ↑ "The View from / New Haven: Making a Connection With Sierra Leone". New York Times. 25 June 2000. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- ↑ "U.S. Marines Evacuate 900 In Freetown". New York Times. 31 May 1997. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- ↑ "Freetown Journal; The Walls of a Ruin Talk of History and Heartache". New York Times. 26 June 2000. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- 1 2 "Sierra Leone". Africa South of the Sahara. USA: Stanford University. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- ↑ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- ↑ "Cholera Epidemic Envelops Coastal Slums in West Africa". New York Times. 22 August 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
Further reading
- Published in the 19th century
- Josiah Conder (1830), "Freetown", The Modern Traveller, London: J.Duncan
- "Sierra Leone". Street's Indian and Colonial Mercantile Directory for 1870. London: G.Street. 1870.
- Published in the 20th century
- "Freetown", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
- H. R. Jarrett. The Port and Town of Freetown, Geography, Vol. 40, 1955, pp. 108–118.
- Michael Banton. West African City: A Study of Tribal Life in Freetown. London: Oxford University, 1957.
- Christopher Fyfe; E. Jones, eds. (1968). Freetown, A Symposium. Freetown.
- Milton Harvey (1968). "Implications of migration to Freetown: A study of the relationship between migrants, housing and occupation". Civilisations. 18.
- John Nunley (1982). "Images and Printed Words in Freetown Masquerades". African Arts. 15.
- Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Freetown". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. ISBN 1884964036.
- M.B. Gleave. "Port activities and the spatial structure of cities: the case of Freetown, Sierra Leone." Journal of Transport Geography 5.4 (1997): 257-275.
- P.E.H. Hair (1998). "Aspects of the Prehistory of Freetown and Creoledom". History in Africa. 25.
- Alusine Jalloh (1998). "The Fula and the Motor Transport Business in Freetown, Sierra Leone". African Economic History. 26.
- Published in the 21st century
- Diane Frost (2002). "Diasporan West African Communities: The Kru in Freetown & Liverpool". Review of African Political Economy. 29.
- Okwui Enwezor, ed. (2002). Under Siege: Four African Cities, Freetown, Johannesburg, Kinshasa, Lagos. Ostfildern, Germany: Hatje Cantz. ISBN 978-3-7757-9090-1.
Documenta11
+ website - Allen M. Howard (2003). "Contesting Commercial Space in Freetown, 1860-1930: Traders, Merchants, and Officials". Canadian Journal of African Studies. 37.
- Kwame Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates, ed. (2005). "Accra". Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 719. ISBN 978-0-19-517055-9.
- Gibril R. Cole (2008). "Rreligious plurality and economic sustainability: Muslim merchants in the colonial economy of 19th century Freetown". African Economic History. 36.
- Kenneth Lynch et al. "Meeting the urban challenge? Urban agriculture and food security in post-conflict Freetown, Sierra Leone." Applied Geography (2012).
- Roy Maconachie, Tony Binns, and Paul Tengbe. "Urban farming associations, youth and food security in post-war Freetown, Sierra Leone." Cities 29.3 (2012): 192-200.
- Political Economy of the Urban Water-Pricing Regime in Freetown, Sierra Leone, London: Overseas Development Institute, 2012 – via International Relations and Security Network
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Freetown. |
- "(Articles related to Freetown)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre.
- Quintard Taylor (ed.), "Freetown, Sierra Leone", BlackPast.org
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