Sabangau National Park

Sabangau National Park
IUCN category II (national park)

Sabangau River and surrounding peat swamp forests
Location Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Coordinates 2°33′S 113°50′E / 2.550°S 113.833°E / -2.550; 113.833Coordinates: 2°33′S 113°50′E / 2.550°S 113.833°E / -2.550; 113.833

Sabangau National Park (sometimes spelled Sebangau) is a national park in Central Kalimantan, a province of Indonesia in Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo established in 2004. Between 1980 and 1995 the site was a massive logging concessions area and after it came illegal logging era which both makes up 85 percent of the 568,700-hectare total park area comprehensively destroyed. By 2012 only less than 1 percent of the park's total area has been reforested and need several centuries to restore it back to its pre-logged state.[1]

Geography

The national park is centered on Sabangau River, a blackwater river. It flows through the Kelompok Hutan Kahayan or Sabangau peat swamp forest (5,300 km2), between the Katingan and Kahayan rivers. The peat swamp forest is a dual ecosystem, with diverse tropical trees standing on a 10m - 12m layer of peat - partly decayed and waterlogged plant material - which in turn covers relatively infertile soil.

Orangutan in Sabah, Borneo

The severely degraded eastern part of the forest, between the Sabangau and the Kayahan, is officially designated for agriculture. However, since the failure of the Mega Rice Project, which drained large areas of peat forest in an attempt to create rice paddies, no further efforts are being made to make it suitable for this purpose.[2][3]

The forest has been damaged by legal and illegal forestry. There is no longer any continuous forest cover where orangutans may cross the river. A satellite view shows a grid of logging roads throughout most of the forest.

However, the western part is now protected as either National Park or National Laboratory Research Area. A study of the area shows that the hydrological integrity of the forest has been maintained, and it is therefore ecologically resilient,[4] although since it is close to the regional capital Palangkaraya it remains at risk.

Ecology

The forest is home to the world’s largest orangutan population, estimated at 6,910 individuals in 2003, and other rare or unique species. The total agile gibbon population in the Sabangau catchment is estimated to be in the tens of thousands, but is declining fast.[5]

Vulnerable bird species include the large green pigeon (Treron capellei) and possibly Storm's stork (Ciconia stormi) and lesser adjutant (Leptoptilus javanicus).[6] Efforts are underway to establish long-term ecological monitoring in the forest.[7][8]

References

  1. ↑ "Can Heavily Deforested Sebangau National Park Be Saved?". July 21, 2012.
  2. ↑ orangutantrop.com: Sabangau Forest
  3. ↑ Ecological Impact of the One Million Hectare Rice Project in Cantral Kalimantan, Indonesia, Using Remote Sensing and GIS. Boehm, H-D.V. and Siegert, F.
  4. ↑ IMPLICATIONS OF GROUNDWATER LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS FOR A TROPICAL PEATLAND ECOSYSTEM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
  5. ↑ Density and population estimate of gibbons (Hylobates albibarbis) in the Sabangau catchment, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia Archived March 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
  6. ↑ Birdlife.org Hutan Kahayan
  7. ↑ The Orangutan Tropical Peatland Research Project:Monitoring ape populations in the Sabangau Forest, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
  8. ↑ THE IMPORTANCE OF ECOLOGICAL MONITORING FOR HABITAT MANAGEMENT - A CASE STUDY IN THE SABANGAU FOREST, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
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