USS Pampanito (SS-383)

USS Pampanito (SS-383)
USS Pampanito, with SS Jeremiah O'Brien moored astern
History
Builder: Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, Maine[1]
Laid down: 15 March 1943[1]
Launched: 12 July 1943[1]
Sponsored by: Mrs. James Wolfender
Commissioned: 6 November 1943[1]
Decommissioned: 15 December 1945[1]
Reclassified: AGSS-383, 6 November 1962
Struck: 20 December 1971[1]
Status: Museum ship in San Francisco since 21 November 1975[2]
General characteristics
Class and type: Balao-class diesel-electric submarine[2]
Displacement:
  • 1,526 long tons (1,550 t) surfaced[2]
  • 2,391 long tons (2,429 t) submerged[2]
Length: 311 ft 6 in (94.95 m)[2]
Beam: 27 ft 3 in (8.31 m)[2]
Draft: 16 ft 10 in (5.13 m) maximum[2]
Propulsion:
Speed:
  • 20.25 knots (37.50 km/h; 23.30 mph) surfaced[6]
  • 8.75 knots (16.21 km/h; 10.07 mph) submerged[6]
Range: 11,000 nautical miles (20,000 km; 13,000 mi) surfaced at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)[6]
Endurance:
  • 48 hours at 2 knots (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph) submerged[6]
  • 75 days on patrol
Test depth: 400 ft (120 m)[6]
Complement: 10 officers, 70–71 enlisted[6]
Armament:
USS Pampanito
Location Fisherman's Wharf-Pier 45, San Francisco
Coordinates 37°48′36″N 122°24′59″W / 37.81000°N 122.41639°W / 37.81000; -122.41639Coordinates: 37°48′36″N 122°24′59″W / 37.81000°N 122.41639°W / 37.81000; -122.41639
NRHP Reference # 86000089
Significant dates
Added to NRHP 14 January 1986[7]
Designated NHL 14 January 1986[8]

USS Pampanito (SS-383/AGSS-383), a Balao-class submarine, was a United States Navy ship, the third one named for the pompano fish. She completed six war patrols from 1944 to 1945 and served as a Naval Reserve Training ship from 1960 to 1971. She is now a National Historic Landmark, preserved as a memorial and museum ship in the San Francisco Maritime National Park Association located at Fisherman's Wharf.

History: 1943–1970

Pampanito's keel was laid down by the Portsmouth Navy Yard in Kittery, Maine, on 15 March 1943. She was launched on 12 July 1943, sponsored by Mrs. James Wolfender, and commissioned on 6 November 1943, with Lieutenant Commander Charles B. Jackson, Jr. in command.

After shakedown off New London, Connecticut, Pampanito transited the Panama Canal and arrived at Pearl Harbor on 14 February 1944. Her first war patrol, from 15 March to 2 May, was conducted in the southwest approaches to Saipan and Guam. She served on lifeguard duty south of Yap, then scored two torpedo hits on a destroyer before sailing for Midway Island and Pearl Harbor for refit and repairs to a hull badly damaged by depth charges.

Pampanito's second war patrol, from 3 June to 23 July, took place off Kyūshū, Shikoku, and Honshū. On 23 June, a submerged Japanese submarine fired two torpedoes, just missing Pampanito. On 6 July, Pampanito damaged a Japanese gunboat, and 11 days later headed for Midway Island.

Pampanito's third war patrol, from 17 August to 28 September, a wolfpack operation with submarines Growler and Sealion, was conducted in the South China Sea. On 12 September, she sank 9,419 ton SS Rakuyō Maru, which unfortunately was transporting 1350 British and Australian POWs, also the 5,135 ton tanker Zuihō Maru, and she damaged a third ship. The Japanese survivors were rescued by an escort vessel, leaving POWs in the water with rafts and some abandoned boats. A total of 1,159 POWs died, of whom some 350 in lifeboats were bombarded and killed by a Japanese navy vessel the next day when they were rowing towards land.[9] On 15 September, Pampanito moved back to the area of the original attack and found men clinging to makeshift rafts. As the sub moved closer, the men were heard to be shouting in English. Pampanito was able to pick up 73 British and Australian survivors and called in three other subs, Sealion, Barb and Queenfish, to assist with the rescue. She then set course for Saipan, disembarked the survivors, and continued on to Pearl Harbor.[10]

Pampanito's fourth war patrol, from 28 October to 30 December, took place off Formosa and the coast of southeastern China with Sea Cat, Pipefish, and Searaven. Sinking the 1200 ton cargo ship Shinko Maru Number One, 19 November, she damaged a second ship before putting in to Fremantle for refit. Her fifth war patrol in the Gulf of Siam, from 23 January to 12 February 1945, with Guavina, was highlighted by two sinkings, the 6,968-ton cargo ship Engen Maru 6 February and the 3,520-ton passenger-cargo ship Eifuku Maru on 8 February.

Refitted at Subic Bay, Pampanito returned to the Gulf of Siam for her sixth war patrol. Operating with Caiman, Sealion, and Mingo, she sighted only one target before sailing for Pearl Harbor.

From Pearl Harbor the ship proceeded to San Francisco for overhaul, departing for Pearl Harbor again 1 August. With the end of the war, she was ordered to return to San Francisco. She was decommissioned at Mare Island on 15 December 1945. She remained in reserve until April 1960 when she was assigned to Naval Reserve Training at Mare Island Naval Shipyard. Reclassified AGSS-383, 6 November 1962, she served as a Naval Reserve Training ship at Vallejo, California, until she was stricken from the Navy Register on 20 December 1971.[1]

Pampanito earned six battle stars for World War II service.

Museum ship

Pampanito was turned into a memorial and museum at San Francisco on 21 November 1975,[2] transferred to the Maritime Park Association (formerly the National Maritime Museum Association) on 20 May 1976, and opened to the public on 15 March 1982.[11]

Masts and conning tower, with broom and tree, in March 2003

In 1986, Pampanito was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and declared to be a National Historic Landmark.[8][7][12]

She is now owned and operated by the San Francisco Maritime National Park Association and is moored at Pier 45 in San Francisco's Fisherman's Wharf area, where she is open for visiting.

The USS PAMPANITO Amateur Radio Club brings the radio room to life on the 2nd and 4th Saturdays of each month using the callsign NJ6VT – NJVT was the boat's call sign during WWII. Ham radio operators may contact the boat on 7.260 and 14.260 MHz using voice, and on other frequencies using Morse Code.

She flies a broom from her mast, indicating a clean sweep: a successful patrol that "swept the enemy from the seas." In total, she sank six Japanese ships and damaged four others with a total of more than 27,000 tons of enemy shipping sunk.

Pampanito has completed four maintenance drydockings since becoming a memorial and museum.[13] "The Pampanito still has several working parts, including one torpedo tube, the periscope, engines, galley and ice-cream maker."[14] The museum runs educational programs including one that allows organized groups of children and adults to sleep overnight in the submarine's 48 bunk beds.[15]

The ship was closed to the public and moved to a dry-dock on September 23, 2016, and will remain there until late October 2016.

In film

Pampanito played the fictional USS Stingray (SS-161) in the comedy film Down Periscope (1995). Kelsey Grammer stars as the Stingray's captain, Lt. Commander Thomas Dodge, and the film is set in Charleston and Norfolk harbors on the US east coast. The action scenes use a combination of a special effects shooting miniature for the composited underwater scenes, older Pampanito color stock footage of her under power on the surface, then submerging, and newly shot footage of Pampanito moving under tow in San Francisco Bay while venturing past the Golden Gate Bridge.[16] It had been fifty years since she sailed under the bridge.[13]

Footnotes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Friedman, Norman (1995). U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. pp. 285–304. ISBN 1-55750-263-3.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Bauer, K. Jack; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991). Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 275–280. ISBN 0-313-26202-0.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Bauer, K. Jack; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991). Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 275–280. ISBN 978-0-313-26202-9.
  4. ↑ U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp. 261–263
  5. 1 2 3 U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp. 305–311
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp. 305–311
  7. 1 2 National Park Service (2007-01-23). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
  8. 1 2 "USS Pampanito (submarine)". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2008-03-12.
  9. ↑ Allbury, A. G. Bamboo and Bushido London Viking Press 1955 pp207-20 - survivor account.
  10. ↑ http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-07-09/veteran-roy-cornford-farewelled/6608212
  11. ↑ "USS Pampanito (SS-383) Fact Sheet". San Francisco Maritime Park Association. Retrieved 2008-03-26.
  12. ↑ Butowsky, Harry A. (May 1985). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination / USS Pampanito (SS 383)" (pdf). National Park Service. Retrieved 2012-10-16.
    "Accompanying Photos" (pdf). National Park Service. Retrieved 2012-10-16.
  13. 1 2 "Welcome to USS Pampanito (SS-383)". San Francisco Maritime Park Association. Retrieved 2008-03-12.
  14. ↑ Koopman, John (8 January 2007). "World War II sub taking shore leave for refitting". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  15. ↑ "USS Pampanito (SS-383) Overnight Program". San Francisco Maritime Park Association. Retrieved 2008-03-27.
  16. ↑ "Trivia for Down Periscope (1996)". Retrieved 2008-03-12.

References

Media related to USS Pampanito (SS-383) at Wikimedia Commons

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