Robert D. Orr

Robert Dunkerson Orr (November 17, 1917 – March 10, 2004) was an American political leader and the 45th Governor of Indiana from 1981 to 1989. He was a member of the Republican Party.

Early life

Robert D. Orr was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan,^[1] where his family was vacationing, on November 17, 1917, the last of the three children of Samuel Lowery and Louise Dunkerson Orr. His father was an industrialist with interests in many companies whose holdings were centralized in the Orr Iron Company. Orr grew up in Evansville, Indiana where his father's company was headquartered. His family have lived in the area for three generations.^[2]

He attended local public schools for most of his early education, but transferred to the Hotchkiss School in Connecticut before his final year of high school beginning in 1934. Upon graduation he was accepted to Yale University, enrolling in 1936. At Yale he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity (Phi chapter). He earned a bachelor's degree in 1940 and then enrolled in Harvard Business School.^[3][4]

After the outbreak of World War II, he left Harvard without graduating to join the Army. He was admitted to Officer's Candidate School and after completing his course served as on the staff of the quartermaster's general staff in the Pacific Theater, eventually rising to the rank of major. For his service, he was awarded the Legion of Merit. He met Joanne "Josie" Wallace who served in the Women's Air Force Service Pilots, while he was serving. After their discharge in 1946 they married, settled in Evansville, and eventually had three children.^[3]

After returning home, Orr entered into the family business, and became active in Republican politics of Vanderburgh County. Many Evansville factories had been creating war implements, and the end of the conflict led many of them to close. Orr began purchasing vacated factories, refurbishing them to produce goods, and selling them. Through his activity he became involved in a local economic development committee.^[3] His business and holding expanded rapidly and by 1953 he was on the board of twenty local businesses including Erie Investments, Sterling Brewers, and Grand Junction, and was director of twelve other companies. He was on several civic boards including the Rotary Club, Evansville YMCA, Willard Library, Buffalo Trace Council or Boy Scouts of America, and the Presbyterian Church of Evansville. Because of his community service, he was awarded the Jaycees Young Man of the Year award in 1953. As a result of the award, he was invited to serve as a trustee of Hanover College, a position he held for decades.^[5]

Political career

Orr first became involved in politics in 1950 as a member of a local Republican Party advisory board. In 1951 he became chairman of the local party; he served until 1954. He was a precinct committeeman for eight years, and in 1958 became treasurer for the Eight District Republican Committee, a position he held until 1960. In 1965 he was elected chairman of the Vanderburg County Republican Central Committee; he held that position for six years.^[5]

In 1968 he was elected to the Indiana Senate representing Evansville. He served there until 1973. In 1972, he was nominated at the State Republican Convention to run for Lieutenant Governor on a ticket with Otis R. Bowen. The election campaign focused largely on their opponents' records of raising taxes, and they won the election with 56.8 percent of the vote. As Lieutenant Governor, Orr oversaw the state agricultural bureau and was director of the Indiana Department of Commerce. Orr drew on his experience in economic development in Evansville to put in a place a statewide economic growth plan. He convinced state leaders to fund the creation of two Port of Indiana ports on the Ohio River, one at Mount Vernon and other at Jeffersonville, and he launched a successful tourist attraction campaign.^[5] Orr vote five tie breaking votes in the Indiana Senate during his term, including one that passed Bowen's tax reorganization plan, drastically lowering property taxes, requiring local taxing authorities to receive state level approval to raise taxes, while increasing the state sales tax. Orr and Bowen were reelected to office in 1976.^[6]

Orr was popular statewide because of his economic plans and for being associated with the tax reorganization plan. With Bowen's backing, he ran unopposed for the Republican nomination to run for Governor in 1980. In the general election he was opposed by Democrat John Hillenbrand. Orr focused on connecting himself with the popular Governor Bowen; his slogan was "Let's Keep a Good Thing Going."^[6] He easily defeated Hillenbrand, 1,257,383 (57.7 percent) to 913,116 (41.9 percent) votes.

As governor he oversaw the reform of the Indiana educational system. In 1984, he defeated State Senator Wayne Townsend of Hartford City to win a second term as governor: 1,146,497 (52.8 percent of the two-party vote) to 1,036,832 (47.2 percent). An ad from the 1984 campaign, which featured an actress playing a fortune teller and a singer with a Daryl Hall style mullet, was featured on an episode of CNN's Not Just Another Cable News Show. In the 1984 election, Orr polled 110,886 fewer votes than he had in 1980, and his overall percent dropped by 4.9.^[7]

In 1986, Orr served as President of the Council of State Governments and as the Chairman of the Midwestern Governors Association.

After his terms as governor, Orr was named by U.S. President George H. W. Bush as the U.S. Ambassador to Singapore, a position that he held until 1992.

After he left his ambassadorship, Orr established a consulting firm called the Alliance for Global Commerce, which focused on international trade and export issues.

In 2000, he divorced his wife Joanne "Josie" Wallace. In 2001, at the age of eighty-three, he married Mary Kay Davis. Orr died at the age of eighty-six at the Indiana University Medical Center in Indianapolis from complications following kidney surgery. He is buried in Crown Hill Cemetery in Indianapolis.

The portion of Interstate 69 south of its interchange with Interstate 64, at one time labeled Interstate 164, is named the "Robert D. Orr Highway" in his honor.

Electoral history

See also

• List of Governors of Indiana
• Robert D. Orr (bust), a 1989 public artwork by American artist Don Ingle

References

Further reading

• Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections. Congressional Quarterly Inc. 1994. ISBN 0-87187-072-X. 
• Gugin, Linda C.; St. Clair, James E, eds. (2006). The Governors of Indiana. Indianapolis, Indiana: Indiana Historical Society Press. ISBN 0-87195-196-7. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Robert D. Orr.

• Biography from the Indiana Historical Bureau
• Robert D. Orr at Find a Grave
• Biography from the Indianapolis Star
• The New York Times: Robert D. Orr, 86, Governor Who Revamped Indiana Schools
• National Governors Association
• Appearances on C-SPAN

Governors of Indiana
Territorial (1800–16)	Harrison Gibson (acting) Posey
State (since 1816)	Jennings Boon W. Hendricks Ray Noble Wallace Bigger J. Whitcomb Dunning Wright Willard Hammond Lane Morton Baker T. Hendricks Williams Gray Porter Gray Hovey Chase Matthews Mount Durbin Hanly Marshall Ralston Goodrich McCray Branch Jackson Leslie McNutt Townsend Schricker Gates Schricker Craig Handley Welsh Branigin E. Whitcomb Bowen Orr Bayh O'Bannon Kernan Daniels Pence Holcomb (elect)
See also: Governor of Indiana

Lieutenant Governor of Indiana
Harrison Boon Thompson Stapp Wallace Hillis Hall Bright Dunning Lane Willard Hammond Morton Baker Cumback Sexton Gray Hanna Manson Chase Nye Haggard Gilbert Miler Hall O'Neill Bush Branch Van Orman Bush Townsend Schricker Dawson James Alexander Watkins Handley Parker Ristine Rock Folz Orr Mutz O'Bannon Kernan Davis Skillman Ellspermann Holcomb Crouch (elect)

United States Ambassadors to Singapore
Richard H. Donald 1966 (interim) Francis Joseph Galbraith 1966–69 Charles T. Cross 1969–71 Edwin M. Cronk 1972–75 John H. Holdridge 1975–78 Richard F. Kneip 1978–80 Harry E. T. Thayer 1980–85 J. Stapleton Roy 1985–86 Daryl Arnold 1987–89 Robert D. Orr 1989–92 Jon Huntsman Jr. 1992–93 Ralph L. Boyce 1993–94 (interim) Timothy Chorba 1994–98 Steven J. Green 1998–2001 Frank Lavin 2001–05 Patricia L. Herbold 2005–09 David Adelman 2010–2013 Kirk Wagar 2013–