Richard Harding Davis

For other people named Richard Davis, see Richard Davis (disambiguation).
Richard Harding Davis

Photograph taken in New York, 1890
Born (1864-04-18)April 18, 1864
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Died April 11, 1916(1916-04-11) (aged 51)
New York City
Occupation writer, war correspondent, journalist
Nationality American
Period 19th and early 20th century
Genre history, romantic novels, short stories
Subject Africa, War, Cuba, Europe
Signature

Richard Harding Davis (April 18, 1864 – April 11, 1916) was an American journalist and writer of fiction and drama, known foremost as the first American war correspondent to cover the Spanish–American War, the Second Boer War, and the First World War.[1] His writing greatly assisted the political career of Theodore Roosevelt and he also played a major role in the evolution of the American magazine. His influence extended to the world of fashion and he is credited with making the clean-shaven look popular among men at the turn of the 20th century.[2]

Biography

Davis was born on April 18, 1864 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[1][2] His mother Rebecca Harding Davis was a prominent writer in her day. His father, Lemuel Clarke Davis, was himself a journalist and edited the Philadelphia Public Ledger.[2] As a young man, Davis attended the Episcopal Academy. In 1882, after an unhappy year at Swarthmore College, Davis transferred to Lehigh University, where his uncle, H. Wilson Harding, was a professor.[3] While at Lehigh, Davis published his first book, The Adventures of My Freshman (1884), a collection of short stories. Many of the stories had originally appeared in the student magazine the Lehigh Burr.[4] In 1885, Davis transferred to Johns Hopkins University.[5]

After college, his father helped him gain his first position as a journalist at the Philadelphia Record but he was soon dismissed. After another brief position at the Philadelphia Press, Davis accepted a better-paying position at the New York Evening Sun where he gained attention for his flamboyant style and his writing on controversial subjects such as abortion, suicide and execution.[2] He first attracted attention in May to June 1889, by reporting on the devastation of Johnstown, Pennsylvania, following the infamous flood and added to his reputation by reporting on other noteworthy events such as the first electrocution of a criminal (the execution of William Kemmler in 1890).

Davis became a managing editor of Harper's Weekly, and was one of the world's leading war correspondents at the time of the Second Boer War in South Africa. As an American, he had the opportunity to see the war first-hand from both the British and Boer perspectives. Davis also worked as a reporter for the New York Herald, The Times, and Scribner's Magazine.

He was popular among a number of leading writers of his time, and is considered the model for illustrator Charles Dana Gibson's dashing Gibson man, the male equivalent of his famous Gibson Girl. He is also mentioned early in Sinclair Lewis's book Dodsworth as the example of an exciting, adventure-seeking legitimate hero.

Davis had success with his 1897 novel Soldiers of Fortune that he turned into a play[6] written by Augustus Thomas. His novel was later filmed twice, once in 1914 and again in 1919 by Allan Dwan. The 1914 version starring Dustin Farnum was shot on the Cuban locations that Davis used in his novel and Davis was present during the filming.[7]

During the Spanish–American War, Davis was on a United States Navy warship when he witnessed the shelling of Matanzas, Cuba, a part of the Battle of Santiago de Cuba. Davis' story made headlines, but as a result, the Navy prohibited reporters from being aboard any American naval vessel for the rest of the war.

Davis with Theodore Roosevelt in Tampa, FL, 1898.

Davis was a good friend of Theodore Roosevelt, and he helped create the legend surrounding the Rough Riders, for which he was made an honorary member. Some have even gone so far to accuse Davis of involvement in William Randolph Hearst's alleged plot to have started the war between Spain and the United States in order to boost newspaper sales; however, Davis refused to work for Hearst after a dispute over fictionalizing one of his articles.

Bessie and Hope Davis.

Despite his alleged association with yellow journalism, his writings of life and travel in Central America, the Caribbean, Rhodesia and South Africa during the Second Boer War were widely published. He was one of many war correspondents who covered the Russo-Japanese War from the perspective of the Japanese forces.[8]

Davis later reported on the Salonika Front of the First World War where he was arrested by the Germans as a spy but was released.

Personal life

Davis was married twice, first to Cecil Clark, an artist, in 1899, and, following their 1912 divorce, to Bessie McCoy, an actress and vaudeville performer, who is remembered for her signature Yama Yama Man routine. Davis and Bessie had a daughter, Hope.[2]

He died of a heart attack on April 11, 1916 while on the telephone. It was seven days before his 52nd birthday.[1] His friend and fellow author John Fox, Jr. was surprised by his sudden death, writing, "He was so intensely alive that I cannot think of him as dead—and I do not. He is just away on another of those trips and it really seems queer that I shall not hear him tell about it."[9]

Legacy

A plaque denoting his boyhood home can be seen at 21st and Chancellor Streets in Philadelphia.

Davis's Gallegher and Other Stories became the series Gallegher, starring Roger Mobley, Edmond O'Brien, and Harvey Korman on Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color on NBC.

Partial list of works

Three Gringos in Central America and Venezuela: poster by Edward Penfield.
First edition cover of Vera the Medium, 1908.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "R H. Davis, Novelist, Dies At Telephone. Found by Wife in Library at Home, Suddenly Stricken with Heart Disease. Hardships Of War Blamed. Had Recently Returned from Reporting Severe Campaign in Serbia. His Career and Works". New York Times. April 13, 1916. Retrieved 2014-07-31.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed. (1998)
  3. ↑ Davis, Charles Belmont (1917). The Adventures and Letters of Richard Harding Davis. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 15. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
  4. ↑ Davis, Charles Belmont (1917). The Adventures and Letters of Richard Harding Davis. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 18. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
  5. ↑ Davis, Charles Belmont (1917). The Adventures and Letters of Richard Harding Davis. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 32. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
  6. ↑ "Richard Harding Davis, With Both Armies, 1902". Pinetreeweb.com. 2002-08-29. Retrieved 2012-02-02.
  7. ↑ p.132 Hulme, Peter Cuba's Wild East: A Literary Geography of Oriente, Liverpool University Press, 2011
  8. ↑ Mitchel P. Roth, James Stuart Olson (1997). Historical Dictionary of War Journalism. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 267–268. Retrieved 2012-02-02.
  9. ↑ York, Bill. John Fox, Jr., Appalachian Author. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Company, 2012: 10. ISBN 0-7864-1372-7

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