Renewable energy in India

Renewable energy in India comes under the purview of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). Newer renewable electricity sources are targeted to grow massively by 2022, including a more than doubling of India's large wind power capacity and an almost 15 fold increase in solar power from April 2016 levels. Such ambitious targets would place India amongst the world leaders in renewable energy use and place India at the centre of its International Solar Alliance project promoting the growth and development of solar power internationally to over 120 countries.

India was the first country in the world to set up a ministry of non-conventional energy resources, in early 1980s. As of September 30, 2016 India's cumulative grid interactive or grid tied renewable energy capacity (excluding large hydro) reached about 44.24 GW.[1][2][3] 61% of the renewable power came from wind, while solar contributed nearly 19%.[4][5] Large hydro installed capacity was 43.11 GW[1] as of September 30, 2016 and is administered separately by the Ministry of Power and not included in MNRE targets.

From 2015 onwards the MNRE began laying down actionable plans for the renewable energy sector under its ambit to make a quantum jump, building on strong foundations already established in the country.[6] MNRE renewable electrictricity targets have been upscaled to grow from just under 43 GW in April 2016 to 175 GW by the year 2022, including 100 GW from solar power, 60 GW from wind power, 10 GW from bio power and 5 GW from small hydro power.[6] The ambitious targets would see India quickly becoming one of the leading green energy producers in the world and surpassing numerous developed countries. The government intends to achieve 40% cumulative electric power capacity from non fossil fuel sources by 2030.[6]

Renewable energy overview and targets

Installed Grid Interactive Renewable Power Capacity in India as of September 30th, 2016 (RES MNRE)[4][7]
Wind power in India Solar power in India Biofuel in India Small Hydro Power Waste-to-PowerCircle frame.svg
  •   Wind Power: 28,082.95 MW (61.2%)
  •   Solar Power: 8,513.23 MW (18.5%)
  •   Biomass Power: 4,882.33 MW (10.6%)
  •   Small Hydro Power: 4,323.35 MW (9.4%)
  •   Waste-to-Power: 115.08 MW (0.3%)

Grid connected renewable electricity

Installed Grid Interactive Renewable Power Capacity in India as of September 30, 2016 (RES MNRE)[4][6][7]
Source Total Installed Capacity (MW) 2022 target (MW)
Wind Power 28082.95 60,000.00
Solar Power 8513.23 100,000.00
Biomass Power
(Biomass & Gasification and Bagasse Cogeneration) 		4882.33 *10,000.00
Waste-to-Power 115.08
Small Hydro Power 4323.35 5,000.00
Total 44,783.33 175,000.00

* The target is given for "bio-power" which includes biomass power and waste to power generation.

The figures above refer to newer and fast developing renewable energy sources and are managed by the Ministry for New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). In addition as of September 30, 2016 India had 43,112.43 MW of installed large hydro capacity, which comes under the ambit of Ministry of Power.[1]

In terms of meeting its ambitious 2022 targets, as of April 30, 2016, wind power was almost half way towards its goal, whilst solar power was below 7% of its highly ambitious target, although expansion is expected to be dramatic in the near future. Bio energy was also at just under half way towards its target whilst small hydro

Installed Grid Power Capacity all Source in India as of April 30, 2016[8]
Coal: 187,252.88 MW (61.1%) RES MNRE: 44,236.92 MW (14.4%) Large Hydro: 43,112.43 MW (14.1%) Gas: 25,057.13 MW (8.2%) Nuclear: 5,780 MW (1.9%) Diesel: 918.89 MW (0.3%)Circle frame.svg
  •   Coal: 187,252.88 MW (61.1%)
  •   RES MNRE: 44,236.92 MW (14.4%)
  •   Large Hydro: 43,112.43 MW (14.1%)
  •   Gas: 25,057.13 MW (8.2%)
  •   Nuclear: 5,780 MW (1.9%)
  •   Diesel: 918.89 MW (0.3%)

power was already 85% of the way to meeting its target. Overall India was 24.5% towards meeting its final 2022 renewable power installed power capacitiy of 175 GW. The total breakdown of installed grid connected capacity from all sources including large hydro was as follows:

Grid connected installed capacity from all sources as of April 30, 2016[1]
Source Installed Capacity (MW) Share
Coal 187,252.88 61.12%
RES MNRE 44,236.92 14.44%
Large Hydro 43,112.43 14.07%
Gas 25,057.13 8.18%
Diesel 918.89 0.30%
Nuclear 5,780.00 1.89%
Total 302,833.20 100.00%

The first figure at the top of the table refers to the fast growing renewable energy sources under the responsibility of the Ministry for New and Renewable Energy and slightly exceeded the installed capacity of large hydro installations. This figure is targeted to reach 175 GW by 2022. Coal power currently represents the largest share of installed capacity at just under 186 GW. Total installed capacity as of April 30, 2016, for grid connected power in India stood at a little under 303 GW.[1]

Off-grid renewable energy

Off-grid power as of July 31, 2016 (MNRE) Capacities in MW(EQ)[3]
Source Total Installed Capacity (MW)
Waste to Energy 161.39
Biomass(non-bagasse) Cogeneration 651.91
Biomass Gasifiers

-Rural

-Industrial

-

18.15

164.24

Aero-Generators / Hybrid systems 2.79
SPV Systems 330.00
Water mills / micro hydel 18.81
Total 1,347.29
Other Renewable energy systems
Family Biogas Plants (in Lakhs) 48.60

In addition to grid connected renewable electricity India had 1,347.29 MW(eq) of off grid renewable energy sources as well as 48.6 Lakhs of family biogas plants by 31 July 2016.[3]

Wind power

The largest wind farm of India in Muppandal, Tamil Nadu.
Main article: Wind power in India

The development of wind power in India began in the 1990s, and has significantly increased in the last few years. Although a relative newcomer to the wind industry compared with Denmark or the US, domestic policy support for wind power has led India to become the country with the fourth largest installed wind power capacity in the world.[9]

As of March 31, 2016 the installed capacity of wind power in India was 26,769.05 MW,[3] mainly spread across Tamil Nadu (7,269.50 MW), Maharashtra (4,100.40 MW), Gujarat (3,454.30 MW), Rajasthan (2,784.90 MW), Karnataka (2,318.20 MW), Andhra Pradesh (746.20 MW) and Madhya Pradesh (423.40 MW)[10] Wind power accounts for 14% of India's total installed power capacity.[11] India has set an ambitious target to generate 60,000 MW of electricity from wind power by 2022.[12]

Some of India's largest wind farms are:

Largest wind farms in India[13]
Wind farm Producer State Current capacity
(MW) 		Notes
Muppandal wind farm Muppandal Wind Tamil Nadu 1,500 [14]
Jaisalmer Wind Park Suzlon Energy Rajasthan 1,275 [15]
Brahmanvel windfarm Parakh Agro Industries Maharashtra 528 [16]
Dhalgaon windfarm Gadre Marine Exports Maharashtra 278 [17]
Chakala windfarm Suzlon Energy Maharashtra 217 [18]
Vankusawade Wind Park Suzlon Energy Maharashtra 189 [19]
Vaspet Windfarm ReNew Power Maharashtra 144 [20]

Solar power

Main article: Solar power in India
Solar Resource Map of India

India is densely populated and has high solar insolation, an ideal combination for using solar power in India. Much of the country does not have an electrical grid, so one of the first applications of solar power has been for water pumping, to begin replacing India's four to five million diesel powered water pumps, each consuming about 3.5 kilowatts, and off-grid lighting. Some large projects have been proposed, and a 35,000 km² area of the Thar Desert has been set aside for solar power projects, sufficient to generate 700 to 2,100 gigawatts.

The Indian Solar Loan Programme, supported by the United Nations Environment Programme has won the prestigious Energy Globe World award for Sustainability for helping to establish a consumer financing program for solar home power systems. Over the span of three years more than 16,000 solar home systems have been financed through 2,000 bank branches, particularly in rural areas of South India where the electricity grid does not yet extend.[21][22]

Launched in 2003, the Indian Solar Loan Programme was a four-year partnership between UNEP, the UNEP Risoe Centre, and two of India's largest banks, the Canara Bank and Syndicate Bank.[22]

Announced in November 2009, the Government of India proposed to launch its Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change with plans to generate 1,000 MW of power by 2013 and up to 20,000 MW grid-based solar power, 2,000 MW of off-grid solar power and cover 20 million sq metres with collectors by the end of the final phase of the mission in 2020.[23] The Mission aims to achieve grid parity (electricity delivered at the same cost and quality as that delivered on the grid) by 2020. Achieving this target would establish India as a global leader in solar power generation.[24]

Indian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers Association (IEEMA) Plays a major role in Renewable Energy

India's largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants
Name of Plant DC Peak Power
(MW) 		GW·h
/year[25]		 Capacity
factor 		Notes
Welspun Energy 151MW Neemuch Solar Project – Neemuch, Madhya Pradesh[26]   151 Commissioned February 2014
Welspun Energy 50MW Rajasthan Solar Project – Phalodhi, Rajasthan[27]   50 Commissioned March 2013
Mithapur Solar Power Plant – Mithapur, Gujarat (Tata Power)[28]   25 Commissioned February 2012
Waa Solar Power Plant – Surendranagar, Gujarat (Madhav Power)[29]   10 Commissioned December 2011
Charanka Solar Park – Charanka, Gujarat[30]   214 Commissioned April 2012
Adani Power Bitta,Gujarat[31]   40 Commissioned January 2012
Moser Baer Clean Energy Limited – Banaskantha, Gujarat[32]   30 Commissioned October 2011
Sivaganga Photovoltaic Plant[33]   5 Completed December 2010
Kolar Photovoltaic Plant[34]   3 Completed May 2010
Karodiya Solar Park[35]   3 Completed May 2013
Itnal Photovoltaic Plant, Belgaum[36]   3 Completed April 2010
Azure Power – Photovoltaic Plant[37]   2 2009
Jamuria Photovoltaic Plant[38]   2 2009
NDPC Photovoltaic Plant[39]   1 2010
Thyagaraj stadium Plant-Delhi[40]   1 April 2010
Gandhinagar Solar Plant[41]   1 21 January 2011
Tata – Mulshi, Maharashtra[42]   3 Commissioned April 2011
Azure Power – Sabarkantha, Gujarat[43] 10 Commissioned June 2011
Tata – Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu[44]   1 Commissioned July 2011
REHPL – Sadeipali, (Bolangir) Orissa[45]   1 Commissioned July 2011
TATA – Osmanabad, Maharashtra[46]   1 Commissioned 1st Aug 2011
Green Infra Solar Energy Limited- Rajkot, Gujarat[47]   10 Commissioned November 2011
Total 514

Waste to energy

Every year, about 55 million tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) and 38 billion litres of sewage are generated in the urban areas of India. In addition, large quantities of solid and liquid wastes are generated by industries. Waste generation in India is expected to increase rapidly in the future. As more people migrate to urban areas and as incomes increase, consumption levels are likely to rise, as are rates of waste generation. It is estimated that the amount of waste generated in India will increase at a per capita rate of approximately 1-1.33% annually. This has significant impacts on the amount of land that is and will be needed for disposal, economic costs of collecting and transporting waste, and the environmental consequences of increased MSW generation levels. Waste Energy In India[48]

India has had a long involvement with anaerobic digestion and biogas technologies. Waste water treatment plants in the country have been established which produce renewable energy from sewage gas, however there is significant un-tapped potential.[49] Also wastes from the distillery sector are on some sites converted into biogas to run in a gas engine to generate onsite power.

Types of Waste Waste can be broadly classified into

Prominent companies in the Waste to Energy sector

[50]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Executive Summary Power Sector September 2016" (pdf). report. Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, Govt. of India. 30 September 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  2. ↑ Chandrasekaran, Kaavya (10 June 2016). "Capacity for renewable energy in India hits 42,850 mw; surpasses capacity of hydel projects". news. The Economic Times of India. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Physical Progress (Achievements)". Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 "Physical Progress (Achievements)" (web). report. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Govt. of India. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  5. ↑ http://www.renewindians.com/2013/02/indian-renewable-installed-capacity-has-reached-27.7GW.html
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Annual Report 2015-2016.".
  7. 1 2 "Scheme wise Physical Progress in 2016-17". report. Ministry of New & Renewable Energy. 31 July 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  8. ↑ "Executive Summary Power Sector" (pdf). report. Ministry of Power. September 2016. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  9. ↑ "Global statistics". Global Wind Energy Council. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  10. ↑ "Energy Statistics 2015" (PDF). Central Statistics Office, Govt. of India. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  11. ↑ "Executive summary of Power Sector as on 31-03-2016" (PDF). Central Electricity authority, GoI. July 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  12. ↑ "Physical Progress (Achievements)" (PDF). Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  13. ↑ "Wind farm list". Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  14. ↑ "Muppandal windfarm". Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  15. ↑ "Jaisalmer windfarm". Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  16. ↑ "Brahmanvel windfarm (India)". Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  17. ↑ "Dhalgaon windfarm". Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  18. ↑ "Chakala windfarm". Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  19. ↑ "Vankusawade Wind Park windfarm". Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  20. ↑ "Vaspet windfarm". Retrieved 13 May 2015.
  21. ↑ Consumer financing program for solar home systems in southern India
  22. 1 2 UNEP wins Energy Globe award
  23. ↑ Sethi, Nitin (18 November 2009). "India targets 1,000mw solar power in 2013". Times of India.
  24. ↑ http://cdkn.org/resource/cdkn-inside-story-transforming-india-into-a-solar-power/?loclang=en_gb Transforming India into a solar power. Downloaded 31 July 2013
  25. ↑ PV Resources.com (2009). World's largest photovoltaic power plants
  26. ↑ "Neemuch Solar Plant inaugurated by Narendra Modi and MP CM Shivraj Singh Chauhan". Retrieved 7 September 2014.
  27. ↑ "Welspun Energy commissions largest solar project". Economic Times. Jaipur, India. 2013-03-12.
  28. ↑ "Tata Power commissions 25 MW solar project in Gujarat". Economic Times. New Delhi, India. 15 February 2012.
  29. ↑ Surendranagar Solar Farm
  30. ↑ "Gujarat flips switch on Asia's largest solar field, leading India's renewable energy ambitions". Washington Post. New Delhi, India. 19 April 2012.
  31. ↑ "Adani Group commissions largest solar power project". Economic Times. New Delhi, India. 5 January 2102. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  32. ↑ "Moser Baer commissions 30-MW solar farm in Gujarat". The Hindu. Ahmedabad, India. 12 October 2011.
  33. ↑ Jaishankar, C. (23 December 2010). "Solar farm launched in Sivaganga district". The Hindu. Chennai, India.
  34. ↑ "Karnataka gets India's first 3 MW solar plant". Deccan Herald. Kolar, India. 17 June 2010.
  35. ↑ "Gwalior gets Light from Karodiya solar plant". patrikad. Tarana, Madhya Pradesh, India. 12 January 2014.
  36. ↑ "Conergy deploys 3 MW solar PV power plant in India". renewableenergyfocus.com. Itnal, Belgaum District, Karnataka, India. 21 April 2010.
  37. ↑
  38. ↑
  39. ↑
  40. ↑
  41. ↑
  42. ↑
  43. ↑ "World-Bank Backed Azure Starts Up Solar-Power Plant in India". Bloomberg. 8 June 2011.
  44. ↑ "Tata BP Solar installs first plant in Tamil Nadu". The Times of India. 8 July 2011.
  45. ↑
  46. ↑ http://www.tata.com/article.aspx?artid=pfG3q5JjhJU=
  47. ↑ "Green Infra Limited sets up its first 10 MW solar photovoltaic power plant in Gujarat – The Economic Times". The Times of India. 16 November 2011.
  48. ↑ Emmanual, William. "Energy Alternatives India". Energy Alternatives India. EAI. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
  49. ↑ Electricity from sewage in India, www.clarke-energy.com, retrieved 15/08/2014
  50. ↑ Emmanual, William. "Energy ALternatives India". Energy ALternatives India. Retrieved 5 March 2012.

Media related to Renewable energy in India at Wikimedia Commons

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/19/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.