Quercus pacifica
| Quercus pacifica | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Fagaceae |
| Genus: | Quercus |
| Species: | Q. pacifica |
| Binomial name | |
| Quercus pacifica Nixon & C.H.Mull. 1994 | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Quercus pacifica is a species of oak known by the common names island scrub oak, Channel Island scrub oak, and Pacific oak.
Distribution
It is endemic to the Channel Islands of California, where it is known from Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa, and Santa Catalina Islands. Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands are part of Channel Islands National Park.[2]
Though limited to three islands, it is not uncommon there, occurring in grassland, chaparral, oak woodlands, forest, and other habitat. It is the dominant oak in many areas on Catalina Island.[3] It was described as a new species in 1994 from a specimen collected on Santa Cruz Island.[4] More than a century earlier, the same plant was described as a variety of Quercus dumosa;[5] the 1994 name is nevertheless the correct name for the plant when recognized as a species because names hold priority status only within a given rank.[6]
Description
Quercus pacifica is a shrub or a small tree growing up to 5 metres (16 ft) in height, or occasionally taller.[7]
The leaves are roughly oval in shape and edged with pointed teeth. The green blades are up to 4 centimeters (1.6 inches) long by 4 cm (1.6 inches) wide. They have shiny upper surfaces and waxy, hairy, glandular undersides.[7]
The acorn has a cap up to 2 centimeters (0.8 inch) wide and a nut measuring 2 or 3 centimeters (0.8-1.2 inches) long.[7]
This oak often produces a stable hybrid with Quercus lobata, that has been named Quercus × macdonaldii.[7]
Conservation
This oak species is threatened by a pathogenic honey fungus (Armillaria sp.), which has been noted to infect trees already stressed by the activity of feral herbivores, including goats and pigs.[3]
A new species of fungus was discovered growing in oak galls on this oak species and was named Penicillium cecidicola in 2004.[8]
References
- ↑ The Plant List, Quercus pacifica Nixon & C.H.Müll.
- ↑ Calflora taxon report, University of California, Quercus pacifica K. Nixon & C.H. Muller, Channel Island scrub oak, island scrub oak
- 1 2 Knapp, D. A. (2002). The Status of Island Scrub Oak (Quercus pacifica) on Catalina Island, California. In: Standiford, R. B., et al. Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Oak Woodlands: Oaks in California's Challenging Landscape. Gen. Tech. Rep. USDA Forest Service.
- ↑ Nixon, K. C. and C. H. Muller. (1994). New names in California oaks. Novon 4(4) 391-93.
- ↑ Greene, Edward Lee. 1889. Illustrations of West American Oaks 36, 61, plate 28
- ↑ International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) section 11.2
- 1 2 3 4 Flora of North America, Quercus pacifica
- ↑ Seifert, K. A., et al. (2004). Penicillium cecidicola, a new species on cynipid insect galls on Quercus pacifica in the western United States. Studies in Mycology 50 517-23.
External links
- Jepson Manual Treatment of Quercus pacifica
- United States department of Agriculture Plants Profile for Quercus pacifica
- The Nature Conservancy
- Quercus pacifica - Calphotos Photos gallery, University of California
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