Popemobile

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A popemobile /ˈpoʊpməbiːl/ (Italian: Papamobile [papaˈmɔːbile]) is a specially designed motor vehicle used by the Catholic Pope during outdoor public appearances.[1] It is usually considered as the heir of the antiquated sedia gestatoria. The popemobile was designed to allow the pope to be more visible when greeting large crowds. There have been many different designs for popemobiles since Pope Paul VI first used a modified Lincoln Continental to greet crowds in New York City, in 1965. Some popemobiles are open air, while others have bulletproof glass walls to enclose the pope (these were deemed necessary after the Ali Ağca assassination attempt). Some allow the pope to sit, while others are designed to accommodate the pope standing. The variety of popemobiles allows the Vatican to select a popemobile appropriate for each usage depending upon the level of security needed, distance, speed of travel, and the pope's preferences.

The Vatican vehicle registration plates for all official state vehicles begin with the letters "SCV" (acronym of the Latin Status Civitatis Vaticanae "Vatican City State") followed by the vehicle fleet number. The registration plate for the Ford Focus currently used by Pope Francis is "SCV 00919".[2] In the past, the popemobile has typically used registration plate, "SCV 1", but plates "SCV 2" to "SCV 9" have also been utilized.[3]

History

The Fiat Popemobile in which Pope John Paul II was the subject of an assassination attempt. This vehicle is now in the "Carriage museum" of the Vatican City.
SEAT Panda popemobile used by John Paul II during his visit to Spain in 1982
One of the two Popemobiles coachbuilt on Leyland Constructor chassis for Pope John Paul II's visit to the United Kingdom in 1982
Pope Benedict XVI in a modified Mercedes-Benz M-Class popemobile in São Paulo, Brazil in 2007
Pope Benedict XVI in a popemobile as he passes the White House on his 2008 visit to Washington, D.C.

The precursor to the popemobile was the sedia gestatoria, which was a chair carried on the shoulders of a number of papal attendants. This fell out of use following the incumbency of Pope Paul VI in 1978. Pope John Paul I, who succeeded Pope Paul VI and reigned for only 34 calendar days before his death, was the last pope who used the sedia gestatoria.[4]

Since the beginning of the 20th century, many automotive manufacturers have produced specially designed vehicles for the Pope. The Ford Motor Company produced a series of cars based on its presidential limousines used in the United States. The custom built 1964 Lehmann-Peterson was used by Pope Paul VI in his 1965 New York City visit and was reused in 1970 in Bogotá. Later, Paul VI used a Mercedes-Benz 600 Pullman-Landaulet. However, the term "popemobile" did not come into common usage until the pontificate of Pope John Paul II.

The first time Pope John Paul II travelled to his home country the white painted vehicle (one of two made) was based on the Polish mark FSC Star, a small truck from a firm in Starachowice; a Ford D Series truck was built in 1979 for Pope John Paul II's first visit to Ireland, bigger than the one used today in the Vatican; yet another is a modified Mercedes-Benz with a small windowed enclosure in the back where the Pope sits. A converted 230 G Geländewagen was built for John Paul II's visit to Germany in 1980.[5] One of the current models is based on a M-Class sports-utility vehicle built in the United States. The ML430-based popemobile was presented to John Paul II in June 2002.

A Fiat Campagnola was used during transit within Vatican City and during masses at St. Peter's Square, but following the attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II in 1981, the popemobile was fitted with bulletproof glass on four sides. However, it was sometimes driven with open windows.

In 1982, during the pope's visit to Great Britain, Leyland Motors supplied a truck-based popemobile which gave audiences a better view of the pontiff. The vehicle was sold by its later private owner at auction in 2006 for £37,000 ($70,500). During his later visit that year to Spain, a popemobile derived from the SEAT Panda model was used. That specific car was an all-open-air car with a grab handle in front so that the pope could stand still and greet the crowds while moving.[6] In that car the pope also entered the FC Barcelona Camp Nou soccer stadium[7] driving through the assembled crowds celebrating mass for a congregation of over 121,000 on 17 November 1982.

During the pope's visit to Canada in 1984, a modified GMC Sierra was used as a base, but the popemobile was built by the Thibault Fire Engines Company in Pierreville, Canada. It was subsequently used for the 1998 papal visit to Cuba and was displayed at the Canada Science and Technology Museum in Ottawa in 2005. The second truck built by the Thibault Fire Engines Company[8] was sent back to the Vatican in 1984.[9]

During the papal visit to the United States in September 1987, a pair of Mercedes-Benz 230 G popemobiles were flown to Washington, D.C., and modified by the Secret Service to provide access to the papal compartment from the driver's cabin, a design that continued to be used after the trip.[10] One of these vehicles has been retired and is currently on display at the Mercedes-Benz Museum in Stuttgart, Germany.

Several vehicles used for the pope's overseas visits have remained in the host country and were reused on his subsequent visits. The Mexican papamóvil, for example, was brought out in public during John Paul II's funeral. In Chile, a private individual, Amado Paredes, paid for the creation of the Chilean papamóvil, and it was used for the papal visit to that country.

Similarly, Philippine automobile manufacturer Francisco Motors produced the popemobile for John Paul II during his visit to Manila for World Youth Day 1995. It was funded by voluntary contributions from the private sector, and (as with the Irish vehicle) had bulletproof windows, bombproof parts, and passed inspection by the Swiss Guard. When John Paul II died in April 2005, the Philippine popemobile was briefly borrowed by parish officials of Quiapo Church to be put on display as a focal point for Filipino devotees who could not go to the Vatican for the papal funeral.

For Pope John Paul II's visit to Portugal, UMM created a special popemobile based on a 1992 5-doors-long wheelbase chassis from the Alter II. It featured a 40 mm armoured glass box on the rear with a chair for the pope. It also had air conditioning and outside loudspeakers connected to a microphone in the rear.

In 2002, Pope John Paul II requested that the media stop referring to the car as the popemobile, saying that the term was "undignified".[1]

The popemobile most often used by Pope Benedict XVI when travelling abroad was a modified Mercedes-Benz M-Class sport utility vehicle with a special glass-enclosed room, with its own oxygen supply, that has been built into the back of the vehicle. The pope enters through a rear door and ascends several steps. After the pope sits in his chair, made from white leather with gold trim, it is elevated up into the glass room by a hydraulic lift, allowing the pope to be more easily seen. In addition to the driver, there is room for one passenger (usually a security agent) in the front of the vehicle. The glass-enclosed rear of the vehicle also has room for two papal aides who can sit in the area in front of the pope's elevated chair. The vehicle's security features include bulletproof plexiglas windows and roof, able to withstand explosions and reinforced, armoured side panels and undercarriage designed to resist bomb blasts. At 2011 prices, the popemobile cost approximately £345,000.[11]

Uncovered popemobiles are most commonly used for events within Saint Peter's Square.

On June 6, 2007, a German man tried to jump into Pope Benedict XVI's uncovered popemobile as the pontiff began his general audience. The pope was not hurt and did not even appear to notice that the 27-year-old man had jumped over the protective barrier in the square and had grabbed onto the white Fiat popemobile as it drove by. At least eight security officers who were trailing the vehicle as it moved slowly through the square grabbed the man and wrestled him to the ground. The man was interrogated by Vatican police.[12]

Current usage

While Pope Francis has retained the Mercedes popemobile for security reasons and for trips abroad, his reign has been characterised by simpler standards. As a cardinal, he often took public transport. He rode with the other cardinals in a minibus back to their hotel on the night of his election, instead of using a papal limousine. For trips within the Vatican City, Pope Francis uses a plain Ford Focus from the Vatican motor pool. He also drives himself around the city in a 1984 Renault 4 presented to him by a priest from northern Italy, Father Renzo Zocca.[13]

Italian automaker Fiat, which has traditionally offered many vehicles for the Pope, supplied vehicles for Pope Francis' visit to the United States on September 22–27, 2015, with a Fiat 500L and a Jeep Wrangler from Fiat's lines being used.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Daniel Stone (April 14, 2008). "A Peek Inside the Popemobile". Newsweek. Retrieved September 21, 2010.
  2. ↑ "Pope Francis uses Ford Focus". blogspot.com. Retrieved 25 December 2013.
  3. ↑ Guglielmo Evangelista. "LE TARGHE E I VEICOLI DELLA CITTÁ DEL VATICANO" (PDF) (in Italian). Retrieved May 7, 2013.
  4. ↑ The last days of Johannes Paulus I (Albino Luciani 1978) (Television production) (in Italian). Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  5. ↑ Mercedes-Benz Museum - section C4 Gallery of Celebrities - 1980 230 G Popemobile
  6. ↑ The Evolution Of The Popemobile Jalopnik, September 26, 2008
  7. ↑ Where JFK meets the Queen and Khrushchev Audi USA News, March 4, 2008
  8. ↑ 'Popemobile' Plush, Impervious Thibault Fire Engines
  9. ↑ Canadian Popemobile going on display CBC News, April 7, 2005
  10. ↑ Petro, Joseph (2005). Standing Next To History. pp. 224–225. ISBN 0-312-33221-1.
  11. ↑ Day, Matthew. "Popemobile to go green". The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
  12. ↑ Man tries to breach Pope Benedict XVI security The Times of India, 6 June 2007
  13. ↑ "Pope Francis to drive his own popemobil inside Vatican City"
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