Petrópolis

For other uses of "Petropolis", see Petropolis (disambiguation).
Petrópolis
Municipality
Município de Petrópolis


Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): The Imperial City
Motto: "Altiora Semper Petens"
(Latin for "Always seeking higher things")

Location of Petrópolis in the state of Rio de Janeiro
Petrópolis

Location of Petrópolis in Brazil

Coordinates: 22°30′18″S 43°10′44″W / 22.50500°S 43.17889°W / -22.50500; -43.17889Coordinates: 22°30′18″S 43°10′44″W / 22.50500°S 43.17889°W / -22.50500; -43.17889
Country  Brazil
Region Southeast
State Rio de Janeiro
Government
 • Prefeito Rubens Bomtempo (PSB)
Area
 • Total 795.798 km2 (307.259 sq mi)
Elevation 838 m (2,749 ft)
Population (2010)
 • Total 295,917
Time zone UTC-3 (UTC-3)
Website www.petropolis.rj.gov.br

Petrópolis (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˌpeˈtɾɔpuʎiʃ]), also known as The Imperial City, is a municipality in the Southeast Region of Brazil, located 68 kilometres (42 mi) northeast of Rio de Janeiro. The town's name ("city of Peter") honors Pedro II, the last Emperor of Brazil, who is entombed there at the Cathedral of Saint Peter of Alcantara.[1] The city was the summer residence of the Brazilian Emperors and aristocrats in the 19th century, and was the official capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro during the First Brazilian Republic, between 1894 and 1902.[1]

Location

Nestled among the forested hills of the Serra dos Órgãos, in the valley of the Quitandinha and Piabanha rivers, Petrópolis is a popular winter holiday spot. Besides the climate and surroundings, the main attraction is the former Summer Palace of the last Brazilian Emperor, which is now the Imperial Museum, specializing in Imperial history and memorabilia.

Petrópolis is home to the National Laboratory for Scientific Computing, a research unit of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Brazilian Federal Government.

The municipality holds part of the Central Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest Mosaic of conservation units, created in 2006.[2] The 16.7 hectares (41 acres) Petrópolis Municipal Nature Park is in the historical center of the city of Petrópolis.[3] It is part of the Petrópolis Environmental Protection Area and the Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve.[4] The municipality also contains the 530 hectares (1,300 acres) Pedra do Elefante Natural Monument.[5]

History

Saint Peter of Alcantara Cathedral

The town's origins can be traced to Bernardo Soares de Proença, who between 1722 and 1725 opened an alternative route between Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais, across the Serra da Estrela. While traveling to Minas Gerais along this route, Emperor Pedro I found the region's climate pleasant, while staying at the farm of Correia, a Catholic priest. As the priest's sister and heiress refused to sell his property, the Emperor bought in 1830 the neighboring one, the Córrego Seco Farm. He had his Summer Palace built there, but never saw it finished, because he stepped down from the throne, on April 7, 1831.[6] Other Brazilian aristocrats eventually followed suit. Pedro's Palace is nowadays the Imperial Museum, one of the main attractions of the "alpine city" of Petrópolis, together with the Cathedral of Saint Peter of Alcântara, the Crystal Palace and the House of Santos-Dumont. The "Imperial City"[1] became in due time home to artists, intellectuals and celebrities, and by the twentieth century, one of the main tourist attractions in the country.

German farmers from the Rhineland were encouraged to immigrate and to settle on the Emperor's outlying lands, to help give the Palace a charming urban setting. The settlement of Petrópolis was founded on March 16, 1843.[1] It became a city in 1857. The road connecting the city to Rio de Janeiro was opened in 1910 and paved in 1928. The urban design was carried out by Major-Engineer Julius Friedrich Koeler.

On a visit to the Philadelphia Exposition of 1876, Pedro II was impressed by Alexander Graham Bell's new invention, the telephone, and had a line connecting his Summer Palace to his farm headquarters.

Even after the establishment of the Republic and the exile of the Imperial family in 1889, the city continued to play a significant role in Brazilian history. It was a frequent choice as summer residence for presidents of the republic, who lodged at the Palace of Rio Negro. In 1903 the Rio Negro Palace saw the signing of the Treaty of Petrópolis with Bolivia, which gave Brazil the Acre territory.

During the dictatorship

There was a centre for torture, called the House of Death.[7]

Climate

Petrópolis has a subtropical highland variety of the Oceanic Climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) caused by elevation with humid summers. The rainfall is approximately 2,400 mm (94 in) per annum.

The municipality contains part of the 26,260 hectares (64,900 acres) Tinguá Biological Reserve, a strictly protected Atlantic Forest conservation unit created in 1989.[8]

The temperature is mild. The annual average is around 19 °C (66 °F). In warmer months, the average temperature is 23 °C (73 °F) and the average of the coldest month is 15 °C (59 °F). According to the National Institute of Meteorology (pt: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia), the lowest temperature recorded was −0.7 °C (30.7 °F) on August 2, 1955 and the highest temperature recorded was 36.6 °C (97.9 °F), on November 6, 2009.

Climate data for Petrópolis
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 26.8
(80.2)		 27.5
(81.5)		 27.1
(80.8)		 25.7
(78.3)		 22.7
(72.9)		 22.3
(72.1)		 21.5
(70.7)		 23.2
(73.8)		 23.3
(73.9)		 25.1
(77.2)		 25.1
(77.2)		 26.1
(79)		 24.7
(76.47)
Average low °C (°F) 17.5
(63.5)		 17.5
(63.5)		 17.1
(62.8)		 15.7
(60.3)		 13.1
(55.6)		 11.9
(53.4)		 11.3
(52.3)		 12.1
(53.8)		 13.3
(55.9)		 15.0
(59)		 15.9
(60.6)		 17.0
(62.6)		 14.78
(58.61)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 311
(12.24)		 156
(6.14)		 149
(5.87)		 64
(2.52)		 39
(1.54)		 17
(0.67)		 29
(1.14)		 24
(0.94)		 51
(2.01)		 104
(4.09)		 188
(7.4)		 251
(9.88)		 1,383
(54.44)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) 18 13 13 7 6 3 4 4 7 9 14 17 115
Average relative humidity (%) 83 84 85 86 87 84 83 82 80 81 82 86 83.6
Source: Rio 2016 web site[9]

Tourism

Quitandinha Palace
Fountain at the Catholic University of Petrópolis

The main attractions of the city are:

Notable people

Economy

Petrópolis' economy is based on tourism, services and industry. It is the 2nd largest beer production centre in the country and the headquarters of major Brazilian brewery companies such as Grupo Petrópolis (which owns the beer brands Itaipava, Crystal, Lokal, Black Princess and Petra) and Bohemia, and also has a Brasil Kirin Factory.[11][12]

Sister cities

Petrópolis is sister city of:

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Emperor Street". World Digital Library. 1860–1870. Retrieved 2013-08-24.
  2. ↑ Costa, Cláudia; Lamas, Ivana; Fernandes, Rosan (December 2010), Planejamento Estratégico do Mosaico Central Fluminense (PDF) (in Portuguese), Reserva da Biosfera da Mata Atlântica, p. 13, retrieved 2016-10-02
  3. ↑ Parque Natural Municipal de Petrópolis (in Portuguese), Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável RJ, retrieved 2016-10-04
  4. ↑ Parque Natural Municipal de Petrópolis (in Portuguese), Instituto IDEIAS, retrieved 2016-10-04
  5. ↑ Unidades de Conservação da Natureza no Município de Petrópolis (in Portuguese), Município de Petrópolis, retrieved 2016-10-07
  6. ↑ Home
  7. ↑ Torturerte politiske fanger i Brasil, nå er han funnet drept
  8. ↑ Unidade de Conservação: Reserva Biológica do Tinguá (in Portuguese), MMA: Ministério do Meio Ambiente, retrieved 2016-04-18
  9. ↑ "Climatological Information for Petrópolis, Brazil". Rio 2016. Retrieved November 24, 2013.
  10. ↑ "Michel de Souza". www.roh.org.uk. Royal Opera House. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  11. ↑
  12. ↑
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