Smiljanić family

Smiljanić family coat of arms.

Smiljanić were a Morlach family first mentioned in the 17th century, when the oldest member Petar Smiljanić was a harambaša and capo (head) of the Morlach troops in Venetian service during the Cretan War (1645–69), in Venetian Dalmatia. He was born in Udbina, in the Lika region, then moved with his family to Venetian Dalmatia (Ravni Kotari) in 1647.[1] From the family originated nine serdars, who participated in the Cretan War (1645–69) and Morean War (1684–1699).[2]

History

Petar Smiljanić was titled as capo (principale),[3] and was instrumental in the takeover of Zemunik, Novigrad, Obrovac, Nadin and Vrana. Petar also led the attack on Gračac in Lika in 1647. He fell in battle near Ribnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1648.[2] He had four sons, who had prominent roles in the Venetian-Ottoman wars, and who also died in the war against Ottomans; Ilija (1654), Filip (1656), Smiljan (1687), and Marko (1693).[2] After the extinction of the male line, the family spread on the female line; the sons of Petar's daughter Anka - Smoljan, Marko and Šimun, took mother's surname and continued the family tradition of warfare against the Ottomans.[2]

In 1653 is mentioned his son, serdar Ilija Smiljanić, as governator principale of the Morlach troops and of all harambašas.[3][4] The title of serdar is mentioned for the first time in Venetian official documents in 1656, when provveditore Zen instead of killed Filip Smiljanić placed Janko Mitrović for supreme serdar.[3] Ilija was the most prominent member of the family, on the lead of uskoks from Lika and Ravni Kotari. He participated with c. 250-350 Vlachs (Uskoks) from Ravni Kotari in the conflict near Zečevo, on 31 July 1648, where died renowned Vuk Mandušić.[5] With his troops he also defeated Ottomans in battles near Zvonigrad and Bilaj (1649), Korlati (1651), Ostrovica (1652), and Udbina and Livno (1653). He was noted for bravery during the raid in Lika, where died. He was sung in folk songs and those of Andrija Kačić Miošić.[6]

In 1686, Smiljan couldn't join Šimun Bortulačić and Stojan Janković in Sinj and Knin because was sick in the bed, and mortal danger due to podagra on his neck.[7] At the end of summer 1686, Smoljan Smiljanić and Stojan Janković went on a big raid in countryside of Livno due to rumours of vast Ottoman troops invasion, led by pasha Bastić and Ali-beg Filipović, with intention to rebuild the land and fortifications. In the raid many houses and goods vanished, also there were many human casualties, with Janković and Smiljanić noting on 7 September that the whole valley of Livno within 50 miles (80.4 km) became desolated.[8]

They were a very reputable family of good warriors and soldiers, steadily with reputation moving away from the common people and entered the Venetian nobility. Already in 1653 Venice donated a house in Zadar to Ilija Smiljanić. In the same year Filip Smiljanić became the captain of the armored troops of light cavalry, which was a big recognition. Serdar Smoljan Smiljanić,[9] who succeeded Ilija, was gifted with 30 ducats monthly, chain of 100 ducats, scarlet dolman and so on.[3] Smiljan Smiljanić received 10 ducats monthly.[10] Roughly, members of the Smiljanić family were the leaders of Catholic Morlachs, while from Mitrović-Janković of the Orthodox Morlachs.[3] The progeny of the female line, Lazar and priest Franjo received noble title, in 1793 entered the nobility from Nin, and 1796 from Zadar. Son of Lazar, Antun, was the member of both noble councils. In 1822 Austrian authorities confirmed noble title only to Antun Ivan, by whose death in the mid-19th century the family became extinct.[2]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Ilija Smiljanić". Mitološki zbornik. 15–17. Centar za mitološki studije Srbije. 2006.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Smiljanić". Croatian Encyclopedia (in Croatian). Zagreb: Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography. 2008. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Boško Desnica (1950–1951). Istorija Kotarski Uskoka 1646–1749 (PDF) (in Serbian). I–II. Venice: SANU. pp. 141, 142.
  4. ↑ Roksandić 2003, p. 153.
  5. ↑ Desnica, Boško (June 1998). "Hrabra smrt kod zečeva (from book Stojan Janković i uskočka Dalmacija, 1991)". Srpsko Nasleđe, Istorijske sveske, br. 6 (in Serbo-Croatian).
  6. ↑ "Smiljanić, Ilija". Croatian Encyclopedia (in Croatian). Zagreb: Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography. 2008. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
  7. ↑ Roksandić 2003, p. 161.
  8. ↑ Roksandić 2003, p. 165.
  9. ↑ Roksandić 2003, p. 151.
  10. ↑ Roksandić 2003, p. 156.
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