Perfect 10 (gymnastics)

For other uses, see Perfect 10 (disambiguation).
Nadia Comăneci poses beside the scoreboard that recorded her perfect 10 as 1.00 (with no Olympic precedent, the hardware was not capable of displaying 10.00).

Perfect 10 refers to a score of 10.00 for a single routine in artistic gymnastics, which was once thought to be unattainable—particularly at the Olympic Games—under the code of points set by the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG). The first person to score a perfect 10 at the Olympic Games was Romanian Nadia Comăneci, at the 1976 Games in Montreal. Other women who accomplished this feat at the Olympics include Mary Lou Retton in 1984, and Daniela Silivaș and Yelena Shushunova in 1988. The first man to score a perfect 10 was Alexander Dityatin, at the 1980 Olympics in Moscow.

The FIG changed its code of points in 2006. There are now different top scores, all greater than 10, for the various events, based upon difficulty and artistic merit; there is no consistent perfect score.

History

Men's Artistic Gymnastics had been an Olympic sport since the beginning of the modern games. Women's gymnastics were introduced as a single (team) event in the 1928 games, but were not expanded until the 1952 games, when there were seven events.[1] The International Federation of Gymnastics first drew up a code of points—for men—in 1949.[2]

The code of points was based on a maximum of 10. While some sources claim a score greater than 9.95 was considered "impossible" prior to 1976,[3][4] in fact Věra Čáslavská achieved perfect 10s in the 1967 European Championships,[5] which were displayed on a manual scoreboard.[6] Prior to the 1976 Olympics in Montreal, Omega, the official timers, asked the International Olympic Committee how many digits it should allow on the electronic scoreboard, and were told that three digits would be sufficient, as a score of 10.00 would not be possible.[7]

On 18 July 1976, 14-year-old Romanian gymnast Nadia Comăneci performed in the uneven bars event, and was awarded a score of 10. Because the scoreboard only allowed three digits, it had to display her score as 1.00.[7] This led to total confusion, with even Comăneci unsure of what it meant, until the announcer informed the elated crowd that she had scored a perfect 10.[8] An iconic press photograph (pictured above) shows a beaming Comăneci, arms upraised, beside the scoreboard.[9] Comăneci scored a total of seven 10s at the 1976 Olympics—four on the uneven bars and three on the balance beam.[7] Her main rival, Russian Nelli Kim, scored two 10s in the same competition, in the vault and floor exercise.[10] Comăneci's coach, Béla Károlyi, having defected to the United States in 1981, subsequently coached Mary Lou Retton to gold at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles, where she scored 10s in the vault and floor exercise.[11]

The first man to score a perfect 10 in Olympic competition was the Russian Alexander Dityatin, who received the score in the vault on the way to a record-breaking eight medals in the 1980 Olympics in Moscow.[12] Among other men to achieve the score was Comăneci's future husband, Bart Conner, who received three 10s in Los Angeles in 1984.[13]

Change in scoring

The code of points came under review as a result of separate incidents during the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, in which gymnasts were believed to have received excessively low scores.[14] A new scoring system was introduced in 2006. It consists of an "A" score, based on the difficulty of elements, and a "B" score, based on artistic impression. While the B score still has a maximum of 10, it is only a part of the overall score.[13]

The change had its share of critics. "It's crazy, terrible, the stupidest thing that ever happened to the sport of gymnastics," complained noted coach Béla Károlyi.[15] "It's hard to understand. I don't even understand it,"[15] remarked gymnast Mary Lou Retton. Romanian gymnast Nadia Comăneci commented, "It's so hard to define sports like ours and we had something unique. The 10, it was ours first and now you give it away."[13]

List of perfect 10s

This list may be incomplete.

European Championships

American Cup

New York City, 1976

Olympics

Montreal, 1976

(Olympic database;[17] Women's individual results;[18] women's all-around results;[19] women's team results[20])

Moscow, 1980

Men
Women

(Men's all-around results;[21] men's individual event results[22])

Los Angeles, 1984

Men
Women

(Men's results;[23] women's results[24])

Seoul, 1988

Men
Women

(Men's results;[25] women's results[26])

Barcelona, 1992

(Women's results[27])

World Championships

References

  1. ↑ "History of Artistic Gymnastics at the Olympic Games" (PDF). Olympic.org. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  2. ↑ "Milestones". International Federation of Gymnastics. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  3. ↑ Brown, Gene (1979). The New York times encyclopedia of sports, Volume 11: Indoor Sports. Arno Press. p. 132. ISBN 0405126379. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  4. ↑ Fulton-Smith, Graham; Sampson, James M.; Wange, Willy B. (1976). Olympics 1976: Montreal, Innsbruck. New York: C. N. Potter. p. 25. ISBN 051752743X. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  5. ↑ Tatlow, Peter (1979). Gymnastics: all the beauty and skills of this thrilling sport. Chartwell Books, Inc. p. 143. ISBN 9780711100046.
  6. ↑ European Ladies Gymnastics In Amsterdam (1967). British Pathé. 13 Apr 2014. Event occurs at 1 min 32 sec. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
  7. 1 2 3 "50 stunning Olympic moments No5: Nadia Comaneci scores a perfect 10". 14 December 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  8. ↑ Brady, Rachel (6 July 2012). "Nadia Comaneci: From a perfect 10 in Montreal to a busy broadcaster in London". Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  9. ↑ Marsden, Rhodri (17 July 2015). "Rhodri Marsden's Interesting Objects: The gymnastics scoreboard at the Montreal Olympics". Independent. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  10. ↑ Buchanan, Ian; Mallon, Bill (2005). Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement. Scarecrow Press. p. 149. ISBN 0810865246. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  11. ↑ Boyer Sagert, Kelly; Overman, Steven J. (2012). Icons of Women's Sport. ABC-CLIO. pp. 443, 448–9. ISBN 0313385491. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  12. ↑ Nauright, John (2012). Sports around the World: History, Culture, and Practice. ABC-CLIO. p. 334. ISBN 159884301X. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  13. 1 2 3 Diane Pucin (August 6, 2008). "A 10-shun Deficit". Los Angeles Times.
  14. ↑ Dan Baynes (August 6, 2008). "Olympic Gymnasts Won't Chase Perfect 10 as New Scoring Debuts". bloomberg.com. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
  15. 1 2 Jordan Ellenberg (August 12, 2008). "Down With the Perfect 10!". Slate. Retrieved February 14, 2010. Archived February 12, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  16. ↑ Nadia Comaneci Floor Exercise, 1976 American Cup (tv broadcast)
  17. ↑ "Gymnastics results for the 1976 Summer Olympics". www.databaseolympics.com. Retrieved May 6, 2011.
  18. ↑ "Games of the 21st Olympiad 1976 Artistic Gymnastics / All-Around Final Women". gymnasticsresults.com. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
  19. ↑ "Games of the 21st Olympiad 1976 Artistic Gymnastics / All-Around Final Women". gymnasticsresults.com. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
  20. ↑ "Games of the 21st Olympiad 1976 Artistic Gymnastics / Teams Women". gymnasticsresults.com. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
  21. ↑ "All-Around Final Men - Games of the 22nd Olympiad Moscow 1980". gymnasticsresults.com. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
  22. ↑ "Games of the 22nd Olympiad 1980 Artistic Gymnastics / Events Finals Men". gymnasticsresults.com. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
  23. ↑ "The Games of 23rd Olympiad / Men's Artistic Gymnastics". gymnasticsresults.com. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
  24. ↑ "The Games of 23rd Olympiad / Women's Artistic Gymnastics". gymnasticsresults.com. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
  25. ↑ "The Games of 24th Olympiad / Men". gymnasticsresults.com. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
  26. ↑ "The Games of 24th Olympiad / Women". gymnasticsresults.com. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
  27. ↑ "The Games of 25th Olympiad / Women". gymnasticsresults.com. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
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