Penola, South Australia

Penola South Australia
Penola town centre
Penola
Coordinates	37°22′0″S 140°50′0″E / 37.36667°S 140.83333°E / -37.36667; 140.83333Coordinates: 37°22′0″S 140°50′0″E / 37.36667°S 140.83333°E / -37.36667; 140.83333
Population	1,317 (2006 census)[1]
Established	1867[2]
Postcode(s)	5277
Elevation	65 m (213 ft)
Location	388 km (241 mi) SE of Adelaide
LGA(s)	Wattle Range Council
Region	Limestone Coast[3]
County	County of Grey[2]
State electorate(s)	MacKillop
Federal Division(s)	Barker
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall 20.0 °C 68 °F 8.3 °C 47 °F 708.5 mm 27.9 in
Localities around Penola: Maaoupe Coonawarra Dorodong Monbulla Penola Dorodong Lake Mundi Krongart Nangwarry Lake Mundi
Footnotes	Adjoining localities[2][4][5]

Penola is a town in the Australian state of South Australia located about 338 kilometres (210 mi) southeast of the state capital of Adelaide in the wine growing area known as the Coonawarra. At the 2006 census, Penola had a population of 1,317.^[1]

It is known as the central location in the life of Mary MacKillop (St. Mary of the Cross), the first Australian to gain Roman Catholic sainthood,^[6] who alongside Julian Tenison Woods in 1866 established the first free Catholic school^[7][8] using the Woods/MacKillop Catholic education system in Australia,^[9] St. Joseph's School.^[10] Woods and MacKillop also established in Penola 'her' order of nuns, the Congregation of the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart. The order, otherwise known as the 'Josephites' or 'Brown Joeys', continue to work with the poor and needy communities throughout the world today.^[11]

History

The first Europeans to the area were the Austin brothers who arrived in 1840 and established a run of 109 square miles (282 km²). The first settlers were Scottish-born Alexander Cameron and his wife Margaret in January 1844 after obtaining an occupation licence. In April 1850, Cameron obtained 80 acres (0.3 km²) of freehold land (his station was on a pastoral lease) and established the private town of Panoola, later known as Penola.

By 1850, he had built the Royal Oak Hotel and was doing much business supplying liquor to the many travelers passing through to the Victoria goldfields. Penola Post Office opened around 1852.^[12]

John Riddoch purchased Yallum in 1861. Riddoch grew up in poverty in the highlands of Scotland and in 1851 emigrated to try his luck on the Victoria goldfields. Within a few years he was a successful shopkeeper and wine merchant on the Geelong goldfields. He acquired 35,000 acres (142 km²) on which he ran 50,000 head of sheep.

It was Riddoch who planted the first grape vines and helped to diversify the pastoral economy of the area with an agricultural industry. In 1890, he established the Penola Fruit Growing Colony which was renamed Coonawarra in 1897.

In 2010, a strong tornado ripped through the township destroying at least four buildings and damaging many more.^[13]

Heritage listings

Penola has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

• 31 Arthur Street: St Andrew's Presbyterian Church ^[14]
• 23 Arthur Street: Penola Public Library and Mechanics Institute ^[15]
• Bowden Street: Ulva Cottage ^[16]
• Church Street: National Bank Building ^[17]
• 28 Church Street: Bank of South Australia ^[18]
• 31 Church Street: Heyward's Royal Oak Hotel ^[19]
• 31 Church Street: Penola Post Office and Dwelling ^[20]
• 118 Church Street: Bushman's Inn ^[21]
• Clarke Street: Penola railway station ^[22]
• off Penola Road: John Shaw Neilson's Cottage ^[23]
• Portland Street: Woods MacKillop Schoolhouse ^[24]
• 58 Riddoch Street: Penola Butter and Cheese Factory ^[25]
• 136 Wilson Street (Petticoat Lane): Sharam's First Cottage ^[26]
• 136 Wilson Street (Petticoat Lane): Sharam's Second Cottage ^[27]

Climate

Today

Stained glass window at Mary MacKillop shrine, Penola South Australia

The Mary MacKillop Interpretive Centre is located in Penola. It is within close proximity to the two State Heritage sites of Petticoat Lane and the original stone schoolhouse developed by Mary MacKillop in conjunction with Father Julian Tenison Woods in the 1800s.

Penola is in the local government area of the Wattle Range Council. It is in the state electorate of MacKillop and the federal Division of Barker.

The town has an Australian Rules football team competing in the Kowree-Naracoorte-Tatiara Football League.^[29]

Penola is also the name of a high school in Melbourne, named after the South Australian town due to its link to its patron saint Mary MacKillop.

Notable people

Penola has been home to some notable and interesting people. Among them Saint Mary MacKillop, poets John Shaw Neilson and Adam Lindsay Gordon, Father J.T. Woods, William Henry Ogilvie, Sara Douglass, Michael Graham and John Riddoch.

The Antarctic explorer John Riddoch Rymill was born in Penola, named his ship Penola and later successfully farmed the Old Penola Estate.^[30]

References

Further reading

• Hanna, Cliff. Corartwalla: A History of Penola, the Land and Its People (Magill Publications, 2001); 382pp ISBN 0-9579652-0-6

External links

• South Australian History
• Wattle Range Council