Parliament of Romania
Parliament of Romania Parlamentul României | |
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LIV Legislature | |
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Type | |
Type | |
Houses |
Senatul Camera Deputaților |
History | |
Founded | 1862 |
Leadership | |
Structure | |
Seats |
157 Senators 357 Deputies |
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Senate political groups | |
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Chamber of Deputies political groups |
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Senate committees |
15
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Chamber of Deputies committees |
14
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Joint committees |
Standing Committees
Special committees
Inquiry committees
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Elections | |
1992 – 2008, 2016 - present: Closed list, D'Hondt method 2008 - 2016: Mixed member proportional representation | |
1992 – 2008, 2016 - present: Closed list, D'Hondt method 2008 - 2016: Mixed member proportional representation | |
Senate last election | December 9, 2012 |
Chamber of Deputies last election | December 9, 2012 |
Senate next election | December 11, 2016 |
Chamber of Deputies next election | December 11, 2016 |
Meeting place | |
Palace of the Parliament, Bucharest, Romania | |
Website | |
http://www.parlament.ro/ |
The Parliament of Romania (Romanian: Parlamentul României) is the national legislature of Romania, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputaților), and the Senate (Senat). Its meeting place is at the Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest.
Prior to the modification of the Constitution in 2003, the two houses had identical attributes. A text of a law had to be approved by both houses. If the text differed, a special commission (comisie de mediere) was formed by deputies and senators, that "negotiated" between the two houses the form of the future law. The report of this commission had to be approved in a joint session of the Parliament. After the 2003 referendum, a law still has to be approved by both houses, but each house has designated matters it gets to deliberate before the other, in capacity of "deciding chamber" (Romanian: cameră decizională). If that first chamber adopts a law proposal (relating to its competences), it is passed on to the other one, which can approve or reject. If it makes amendments, the bill is sent back to the deciding chamber, the decision of which is final.
In 2009, a referendum was held to consult the population about turning the parliament into a unicameral body and reducing the number of representatives to 300. Although the referendum passed, the results are not binding, a referendum explicitly mentioning the modification of the constitution being required to achieve this.[3]
History
The parliamentary history of Romania starts in May 1831 in Wallachia, where a constitutional document was adopted, Regulamentul Organic ("The Organic Statute" or "The Organic Regulation"); less than a year later, in January 1832, this same statute was implemented in Moldavia as well. The organic regulation laid the foundations for the parliamentary institution in the Romanian Principalities.
The Paris Convention of 19 August 1858 and, especially, Statutul Dezvoltător ("The Expanding Statute") of that convention (which introduced a bicameral parliament, by founding Corpul Ponderator, later renamed Senat), adopted on the initiative of prince (Domnitor) Alexandru Ioan Cuza, by means of a plebiscite in 1864, perfected and enlarged the principle of national representation. Under the political regime established by the Paris Convention, the legislative power faced an obvious process of modernization, and the legislative power as National Representation, which operated in accordance with the organization and operation mode of parliaments in Western Europe at that time.[4]
The historical process of formation of the Parliament of Romania in the modern age strongly boosted the affirmation of national sovereignty, subsequently leading to the Union of the two Principalities, in 1859. Under the dome of the Romanian Parliament, on 9 May 1877, the Declaration of Romania's Independence was read, and, in 1920, the documents of union with Transylvania and Bessarabia under the Treaty of Trianon were read, the formal beginning of Greater Romania.
In February 1938, amid the rather chaotic European political association that eventually led to World War II, King Carol II, who always tended to favor his own personal rule over parliamentarism, imposed a rule of authoritarian monarchy. Under the royal dictatorship, the parliament became merely a decorative body, deprived of its main attributes.
Carol abdicated in September 1940, and the succeeding National Legionary State suspended parliament. The National Legionary State as such lasted less than five months, but it was succeeded by Ion Antonescu's military dictatorship, and parliament remained suspended. After 23 August 1944, under the pressure of Soviet and other communist forces, the parliament was re-organized as a single legislative body, the Assembly of Deputies, changed under the 1948 constitution, into the Great National Assembly, a merely formal body, totally subordinate to the power of the Romanian Communist Party.
The Romanian Revolution of December 1989 opened the road for Romanians to restore authentic pluralistic electoral democracy, respecting human rights, and observing the separation of powers and the rulers' responsibility before representative bodies. Thanks to the documents issued by the provisional revolutionary power, Romania has returned to a bicameral parliamentary system. All these stipulations can be found in the country's new Constitution, approved by referendum in 1991.
During more than a decade of post-communist transition, the Chamber of Deputies and Senate debated and adopted numerous laws and regulations aimed at reforming the entire society on a democratic basis, guaranteeing respect of fundamental human rights, promoting reform and privatization, consolidating market economic institutions and those of a state ruled by law, which led to Romania's integration into such institutions at NATO and the European Union.
List of presidents of the Houses
The 1866, 1923, and 1938 Constitution of Romania state that the assembly presidents are elected at the beginning of each session. This tradition was kept in the early years of the People's Republic. In modern times, both presidents of the Chamber of Deputies and of the Senate are elected for the entire duration of that house's term. Under special circumstances the presidents of the houses can be revoked.
The political stance of the presidents of the assembly prior to the development of a modern party system is shown by:
C (Conservative) | MC (Moderate Conservative) |
RL (Radical Liberal) | ML (Moderate Liberal) |
The political stance of the presidents of the assembly after the development of a modern party system is shown by:
PNL = National Liberal Party | PC = Conservative Party |
PNR = Romanian National Party | PP = People's Party |
PCD = Conservative-Democratic Party | PNȚ = National Peasants' Party |
PND = Democratic Nationalist Party | PNC = National Christian Party |
FRN = National Renaissance Front (from 1940 PN; Party of the Nation) | FP = Ploughmen's Front |
PMR = Romanian Workers' Party (from 1965 PCR; Romanian Communist Party) | FSN = National Salvation Front |
PDSR = Party of Social Democracy in Romania (from 2001 PSD; Social Democratic Party) | PNȚCD = Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party |
PSDR = Romanian Social Democratic Party | PD-L = Democratic Liberal Party (until 2008 PD; Democratic Party) |
Mil. = Military | Ind. = Independent |
El. yr. |
Leg. no. |
LOWER HOUSE | UPPER HOUSE | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
# | Name | Portrait | Born-Died | Took office | Left office | Party | # | Name | Portrait | Born-Died | Took office | Left office | Party | ||
1862 | I | Assembly of Deputies | not yet established | ||||||||||||
1 | Metropolitan-primate Nifon Rusailă | ![]() |
24 January 1862 | 2 May 1864 | Ind. | ||||||||||
1864 | II | 2 | Alexandru Emanoil Florescu | ![]() |
29 December 1864 | 25 June 1865 | C | Corpul Ponderator | |||||||
1 | Metropolitan-primate Nifon Rusailă | ![]() |
6 December 1864 | 1 June 1866 | Ind. | ||||||||||
3 | Emanoil Costache Epureanu | ![]() |
1823 - 1880 | 12 December 1865 | 3 January 1866 | C | |||||||||
4 | Nicolae Catargiu | ![]() |
9 January 1866 | 12 February 1866 | C | ||||||||||
1866 (Apr) |
III | (3) | Emanoil Costache Epureanu | ![]() |
1823 - 1880 | 9 May 1866 | 6 July 1866 | C | Senat | ||||||
(1) | Metropolitan-primate Nifon Rusailă | ![]() |
1 June 1866 | 6 June 1868 | Ind. | ||||||||||
1866 (Nov) |
IV | 5 | Lascăr Catargiu | ![]() |
1823 - 1899 | 12 December 1866 | 1 November 1867 | C | |||||||
6 | Anastasie Fătu | ![]() |
15 January 1868 | 15 November 1868 | RL | 2 | Ștefan Golescu | ![]() |
1809 - 1874 | 6 September 1868 | 15 November 1868 | RL | |||
7 | Ion C. Brătianu | ![]() |
1821 - 1891 | 18 November 1868 | 29 January 1869 | RL | 3 | Nicolae Golescu | ![]() |
1810 - 1877 | 18 November 1868 | 9 July 1869 | RL | ||
1869 | V | 8 | Costache Negri | ![]() |
1812 – 1876 | 8 May 1869 | 17 November 1869 | ML | 4 | Alexandru Plagino | ![]() |
2 September 1869 | 4 March 1871 | MC | |
9 | Grigore Balș | ![]() |
20 November 1869 | 1 May 1870 | MC | ||||||||||
1870 | VI | 10 | Gheorghe Costa-Foru | ![]() |
1820 - 1876 | 2 July 1870 | 3 February 1871 | C | |||||||
11 | Nicolae Pǎcleanu | ![]() |
5 February 1871 | 16 March 1871 | RL | ||||||||||
1871 | VII | 12 | Dimitrie Ghica | ![]() |
1816 - 1897 | 26 May 1871 | 17 February 1876 | C | (1) | Metropolitan-primate Nifon Rusailă | ![]() |
4 March 1871 | 5 May 1875 | Ind. | |
1875 | VIII | 5 | Metropolitan-primate Calinic Miclescu | ![]() |
9 June 1875 | 25 March 1879 | Ind. | ||||||||
13 | Constantin N. Brăiloiu | ![]() |
18 February 1876 | 3 May 1876 | C | ||||||||||
1876 | IX | 14 | Constantin A. Rosetti | ![]() |
1816 - 1885 | 25 June 1876 | 26 May 1878 | PNL | |||||||
15 | Gheorghe Vernescu | ![]() |
6 June 1878 | 15 November 1878 | PNL | ||||||||||
(14) | Constantin A. Rosetti | ![]() |
1816 - 1885 | 17 November 1878 | 9 June 1881 | PNL | |||||||||
1879 | X | 6 | Constantin Bosianu | ![]() |
1815 - 1882 | 25 May 1879 | 15 November 1879 | PNL | |||||||
7 | Dimitrie Ghica | ![]() |
1816 - 1897 | 17 November 1879 | 8 September 1888 | PNL | |||||||||
1881 | XI | 16 | Dimitrie C. Brǎtianu | ![]() |
9 June 1881 | 21 October 1882 | PNL | ||||||||
17 | Dimitrie Lecca | ![]() |
21 October 1882 | 5 March 1883 | PNL | ||||||||||
1883 | XII | (14) | Constantin A. Rosetti | ![]() |
1816 - 1885 | 16 May 1883 | 17 October 1883 | PNL | |||||||
(17) | Dimitrie Lecca | ![]() |
19 October 1883 | 4 July 1888 | PNL | ||||||||||
1884 | XIII | ||||||||||||||
1888 | XIV | (5) | Lascăr Catargiu | ![]() |
1823 - 1899 | 10 November 1888 | 14 January 1889 | PC | 8 | Ion Emanoil Florescu | ![]() |
1819 - 1893 | 4 November 1888 | 7 December 1889 | PC |
18 | Constantin Grǎdișteanu | ![]() |
19 January 1889 | 16 November 1889 | PC | 9 | Nicolae Crețulescu | ![]() |
1812 - 1900 | 13 December 1889 | 6 June 1890 | PC | |||
19 | Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino | ![]() |
1833 - 1913 | 16 November 1889 | 22 February 1891 | PC | (8) | Ion Emanoil Florescu | ![]() |
1819 - 1893 | 17 November 1890 | 21 February 1891 | PC | ||
1891 | XV | 20 | Gheorghe Rosnovanu | ![]() |
3 May 1891 | 11 December 1891 | PC | 10 | Constantin Boerescu | ![]() |
1 March 1891 | 11 December 1891 | PC | ||
1892 | XVI | 21 | Gheorghe Manu | ![]() |
1833 - 1911 | 26 February 1892 | 24 October 1895 | PC | 11 | Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino | ![]() |
1833 - 1913 | 25 February 1892 | 24 October 1895 | PC |
1895 | XVII | 22 | Petre C. Aurelian | ![]() |
9 December 1895 | 21 November 1896 | PNL | (7) | Dimitrie Ghica | ![]() |
1816 - 1897 | 9 December 1895 | 15 February 1897 | PNL | |
12 | Dimitrie Alexandru Sturdza | ![]() |
1833 - 1914 | 20 February 1897 | 31 March 1897 | PNL | |||||||||
23 | Dimitrie Gianni | ![]() |
23 November 1896 | 21 April 1899 | PNL | 13 | Eugeniu Stătescu | ![]() |
1836 - 1905 | 31 March 1897 | 18 November 1897 | PNL | |||
14 | Nicolae Gane | ![]() |
18 November 1897 | 21 April 1899 | PNL | ||||||||||
1899 | XVIII | 24 | Constantin Olǎnescu | ![]() |
13 June 1899 | 21 September 1900 | PC | (10) | Constantin Boerescu | ![]() |
13 June 1899 | 14 February 1901 | PC | ||
(19) | Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino | ![]() |
1833 - 1913 | 25 September 1900 | 14 February 1901 | PC | |||||||||
1901 | XIX | 25 | Mihail Pherekyde | ![]() |
1842 - 1926 | 24 March 1901 | 9 December 1904 | PNL | (13) | Eugeniu Stătescu | ![]() |
1836 - 1905 | 24 March 1901 | 15 November 1902 | PNL |
26 | Ștefan Șendrea | ![]() |
9 December 1904 | 23 December 1904 | PNL | 15 | Petre S. Aurelian | ![]() |
1833 - 1909 | 16 November 1902 | 23 December 1904 | PNL | |||
1905 | XX | 27 | Grigore Trandafil | ![]() |
25 February 1905 | 23 February 1907 | PC | (10) | Constantin Boerescu | ![]() |
25 February 1905 | 26 April 1907 | PC | ||
28 | Constantin Cantacuzino-Pașcanu | ![]() |
26 February 1907 | 26 April 1907 | PC | ||||||||||
1907 | XXI | (25) | Mihail Pherekyde | ![]() |
1842 - 1926 | 8 June 1907 | 15 December 1909 | PNL | (15) | Petre S. Aurelian | ![]() |
1833 - 1909 | 9 June 1907 | 24 January 1909 | PNL |
29 | Basile M. Missir | ![]() |
15 December 1909 | 16 February 1910 | PNL | ||||||||||
(25) | Mihail Pherekyde | ![]() |
1842 - 1926 | 16 February 1910 | 10 January 1911 | PNL | 16 | Constantin Budişteanu | ![]() |
28 January 1909 | 10 January 1911 | PNL | |||
1911 | XXII | (24) | Constantin Olǎnescu | ![]() |
8 March 1911 | 17 October 1912 | PC | (11) | Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino | ![]() |
1833 - 1913 | 10 March 1911 | 23 March 1913 | PC | |
1912 | XXIII | (28) | Constantin Cantacuzino-Pașcanu | ![]() |
1 December 1912 | 11 January 1914 | PCD | ||||||||
17 | Theodor Rosetti | ![]() |
1837 - 1932 | 27 March 1913 | 3 July 1913 | PC | |||||||||
18 | Ion Lahovari | ![]() |
3 July 1913 | 11 January 1914 | PC | ||||||||||
1914 | XXIV | (25) | Mihail Pherekyde | ![]() |
1842 - 1926 | 21 February 1914 | 11 December 1916 | PNL | 19 | Basile M. Missir | ![]() |
21 February 1914 | 9 December 1916 | PNL | |
30 | Vasile C. Morțun | ![]() |
11 December 1916 | 25 April 1918 | PNL | 20 | Emanoil Porumbaru | ![]() |
1845 - 1921 | 9 December 1916 | 25 April 1918 | PNL | |||
1918 | XXV | 31 | Constantin Meissner | ![]() |
5 June 1918 | 5 November 1918 | PCP | 21 | Dimitrie I. Dobrescu | ![]() |
4 June 1918 | 5 November 1918 | PCP | ||
1919 | XXVI | 32 | Alexandru Vaida-Voevod | 1872 - 1950 | 28 November 1919 | 1 December 1919 | PNR | 22 | Paul Bujor | ![]() |
28 December 1918 | 26 March 1920 | PŢB | ||
33 | Nicolae Iorga | ![]() |
1871 - 1940 | 9 December 1919 | 26 March 1920 | PND | |||||||||
1920 | XXVII | 34 | Duliu Zamfirescu | ![]() |
30 June 1920 | 22 January 1922 | PP | 23 | Constantin Coandă | ![]() |
1857 - 1932 | 22 June 1920 | 22 January 1922 | PP | |
1922 | XXVIII | 35 | Mihail Orleanu | ![]() |
6 April 1922 | 27 March 1926 | PNL | 24 | Mihail Pherekyde | ![]() |
1842 - 1926 | 31 March 1922 | 24 January 1926 | PNL | |
25 | Constantin I. Nicolaescu | ![]() |
3 February 1926 | 27 March 1926 | PNL | ||||||||||
1926 | XXIX | 36 | Petre P. Negulescu | ![]() |
10 July 1926 | 5 June 1927 | PP | (23) | Constantin Coandă | ![]() |
1857 - 1932 | 8 July 1926 | 5 June 1927 | PP | |
1927 | XXX | 37 | Nicolae Sǎveanu | ![]() |
30 July 1927 | 10 November 1928 | PNL | 26 | Constantin I. Nicolaescu | ![]() |
18 June 1927 | 10 November 1928 | PNL | ||
1928 | XXXI | 38 | Ștefan Cico Pop | ![]() |
23 December 1928 | 30 April 1931 | PNȚ | 27 | Traian Bratu | ![]() |
23 December 1928 | 30 April 1931 | PNȚ | ||
1931 | XXXII | 39 | Dimitrie Pompeiu | ![]() |
1873 - 1954 | 20 June 1931 | 10 June 1932 | PND | 28 | Mihail Sadoveanu | ![]() |
18 June 1931 | 10 June 1932 | Ind. | |
1932 | XXXIII | (38) | Stefan Cicio Pop | ![]() |
10 August 1932 | 18 November 1933 | PNȚ | 29 | Nicolae Costălescu | ![]() |
4 August 1932 | 18 November 1933 | PNȚ | ||
1933 | XXXIV | (37) | Nicolae Sǎveanu | ![]() |
10 February 1934 | 19 November 1937 | PNL | 31 | Leonte Moldovan | ![]() |
10 February 1934 | 15 November 1935 | PNL | ||
1934 | XXXV | ||||||||||||||
32 | Constantin Dimitriu-Dovlecel | ![]() |
15 November 1935 | 15 November 1936 | PNL | ||||||||||
33 | Alexandru Lapedatu | ![]() |
16 November 1936 | 20 March 1937 | PNL | ||||||||||
1937 | XXXVI | ||||||||||||||
1939 | XXXVII | (32) | Alexandru Vaida-Voevod | 1872 - 1950 | 9 June 1939 | 5 September 1940 | FRN/PN | 34 | Nicolae Iorga | ![]() |
1871 - 1940 | 9 June 1939 | 13 June 1939 | Ind. | |
35 | Constantin Argetoianu | 1871 - 1955 | 15 June 1939 | 5 August 1940 | FNR/PN | ||||||||||
1946 | XXXVIII | 40 | Mihail Sadoveanu | ![]() |
5 December 1946 | 24 February 1948 | BPD | suspended | |||||||
1948 | XXXIX | Great National Assembly | disbanded | ||||||||||||
41 | Gheorghe Apostol | ![]() |
1913 - 2010 | 7 April 1948 | 11 June 1948 | PMR | |||||||||
42 | Constantin Agiu | ![]() |
11 June 1948 | 27 December 1948 | PMR | ||||||||||
43 | Constantin Pârvulescu | ![]() |
1895 - 1992 | 27 December 1948 | 5 July 1949 | PMR | |||||||||
44 | Dumitru Petrescu | ![]() |
5 July 1949 | 28 December 1949 | PMR | ||||||||||
45 | Alexandru Drǎghici | ![]() |
28 December 1949 | 26 January 1950 | PMR | ||||||||||
(44) | Dumitru Petrescu | ![]() |
26 January 1950 | 29 May 1950 | PMR | ||||||||||
46 | Constantin Doncea | ![]() |
29 May 1950 | 6 September 1950 | PMR | ||||||||||
(41) | Gheorghe Apostol | ![]() |
1913 - 2010 | 6 September 1950 | 5 April 1951 | PMR | |||||||||
47 | Ioan Vințe | ![]() |
1910 - 1996 | 5 April 1951 | 26 March 1952 | PMR | |||||||||
(41) | Gheorghe Apostol | ![]() |
1913 - 2010 | 26 March 1952 | 6 June 1952 | PMR | |||||||||
48 | Gheorghe Stoica | ![]() |
2 June 1952 | 30 November 1952 | PMR | ||||||||||
1952 | XL | (45) | Constantin Pârvulescu | ![]() |
1895 - 1992 | 23 January 1953 | 5 March 1961 | PMR | |||||||
1957 | XLI | ||||||||||||||
1961 | XLII | ||||||||||||||
49 | Ștefan Voitec | ![]() |
1900 - 1984 | 20 March 1961 | 28 March 1974 | PMR/PCR | |||||||||
1965 | XLIII | ||||||||||||||
1969 | XLIV | ||||||||||||||
50 | Miron Constantinescu | ![]() |
1917 - 1974 | 28 March 1974 | 18 July 1974 | PCR | |||||||||
51 | Nicolae Giosan | ![]() |
26 July 1974 | 12 December 1989 | PCR | ||||||||||
1975 | XLV | ||||||||||||||
1980 | XLVI | ||||||||||||||
1985 | XLVII | ||||||||||||||
1990 | XLVIII | Assembly of Deputies | Senate | ||||||||||||
52 | Marţian Dan | ![]() |
1935 - 2002[5] | 19 June 1990 | 16 October 1992 | FSN | 35 | Alexandru Bârlădeanu | ![]() |
1911 - 1997 | 18 June 1990 | 16 October 1992 | FSN | ||
1992 | XLIX | Chamber of Deputies | 36 | Oliviu Gherman | ![]() |
1930 - | 22 October 1992 | 22 November 1996 | FDSN/PDSR | ||||||
53 | Adrian Năstase | ![]() |
1950 - | 28 October 1992 | 22 November 1996 | FDSN/PDSR | |||||||||
1996 | L | 54 | Ion Diaconescu | ![]() |
1917 - 2011 | 27 November 1996 | 30 November 2000 | PNȚCD | 37 | Petre Roman | ![]() |
1946 - | 27 November 1996 | 22 December 1999 | PD |
38 | Mircea Ionescu-Quintus | ![]() |
1917 - | 4 February 2000 | 30 November 2000 | PNL | |||||||||
2000 | LI | 55 | Valer Dorneanu | ![]() |
1944 - | 15 December 2000 | 30 November 2004 | PDSR/PSD | 39 | Nicolae Văcăroiu | ![]() |
1943 - | 15 December 2000 | 14 October 2008 | PDSR/PSD |
2004 | LII | (53) | Adrian Năstase | ![]() |
1950 - | 19 December 2004 | 16 March 2006 | PSD | |||||||
57 | Bogdan Olteanu | ![]() |
1971 - | 20 March 2006 | 13 December 2008 | PNL | |||||||||
— | Doru Ioan Tărăcilă (acting) |
![]() |
1951 - | 14 October 2008 | 28 October 2008 | PSD | |||||||||
40 | Ilie Sârbu | ![]() |
1950 - | 28 October 2008 | 13 December 2008 | PSD | |||||||||
2008 | LIII | 57 | Roberta Anastase | ![]() |
1976 - | 19 December 2008 | 3 July 2012 | PD-L | 41 | Mircea Geoană | ![]() |
1958 - | 19 December 2009 | 23 November 2011 | PSD |
— | Petru Filip (acting) | ![]() |
1955 - | 23 November 2011 | 28 November 2011 | PDL | |||||||||
43 | Vasile Blaga | ![]() |
1956 - | 28 November 2011 | 3 July 2012 | PDL | |||||||||
58 | Valeriu Zgonea | ![]() |
1967 - | 3 July 2012 | 20 December 2012 | PSD | 44 | Crin Antonescu | ![]() |
1959 - | 3 July 2012 | 10 March 2013 | PNL | ||
2012 | LIV | 20 December 2012 | 19 December 2012 | 4 March 2014 | |||||||||||
— | Cristian Dumitrescu | ![]() |
1955 - | 5 March 2014 | 10 March 2014 | PSD | |||||||||
45 | Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu | ![]() |
1952 - | 10 March 2014 | Incumbent | Ind./PLR/ALDE |
Functioning
Prior to the modifications of the Constitution in 2003, the two houses had identical attributes. A text of a law had to be approved by both houses. If the text differed, a special commission (comisie de mediere) was formed by deputies and senators, that "negotiated" between the two houses the form of the future law. The report of this commission had to be approved in a joint session of the Parliament. This French procedure proved to be extremely long and inefficient with respect to the expectations of the Romanians towards democracy.
After the 2003 referendum, a law still has to be approved by both houses, but in some matters one is "superior" to the other, being called "decision chamber" ("cameră decizională"). This eliminates the process of "negotiation" between the two houses, and keeps the Senate as the upper house and the Chamber as the lower house.
Composition
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This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Romania |
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2008–2012
Party | Election seating | Lost | Won | Present seating | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | % | Seats | % | ||||
Democratic Liberal Party | 51 | 37.22% | 19 | 2 | 35 | 37.96% | |
Social Democratic Party | 49 | 35.77% | 15 | 3 | 40 | 31.39% | |
National Liberal Party | 28 | 20.44% | 16 | 4 | 27 | 16.79% | |
Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania | 9 | 6.57% | 2 | 0 | 7 | 6.57% | |
National Union for the Progress of Romania | — | — | 4 | 12 | 12 | 7.3% | |
Independents | — | — | 2 | 2 | |||
Vacant seats | 14 | — | |||||
Total | 137 | 100 | — | 137 | 100 |
Parliamentary Group | Election seating | Lost | Won | Present | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | % | Seats | % | ||||
Democratic Liberal Party | 115 | 34.43% | 29 | 12 | 106 | 37.24% | |
Social Democratic Party | 114 | 34.13% | 29 | 2 | 91 | 28.53% | |
National Liberal Party | 65 | 19.46% | 21 | 6 | 56 | 16.22% | |
Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania | 22 | 6.59% | 2 | 0 | 20 | 6.61% | |
Ethnic minorities parties | 18 | 5.39% | 2 | 0 | 16 | 5.41% | |
National Union for the Progress of Romania | — | — | 16 | 16 | 12 | 6.01% | |
Deputies without a group | 8 | — | |||||
Vacant seats | 25 | — | |||||
Total | 334 | 100 | — | 334 | 100 |
2004 – 2008
References
- ↑ Senate website
- ↑ Chamber of Deputies website
- ↑ For the modification of the structure of parliament, a constitutional amendment is needed. (euractiv.ro)
- ↑ Governmental responsibility and parliamentary irresponsibility in the Romanian constitutional tradition by radu Carp
- ↑ Ultimul up-date 12:44 GMT+2. "Dan Martian, ambasadorul Romaniei in Portugalia, a decedat - Ziarul de Iasi". Ziaruldeiasi.ro. Retrieved 2012-11-08.
External links
Coordinates: 44°25′38″N 26°05′15″E / 44.42722°N 26.08750°E