Organolanthanide chemistry
Organolanthanide chemistry is the field of chemistry that studies compounds with a lanthanide-to-carbon bond. Organolanthanide compounds are different from their organotransition metal analogues in the following ways:
- They are far more air- and water-sensitive and are often pyrophoric.
- Chemistry in the 0 oxidation state is far more limited. In fact, their electropositive nature makes their organometallic compounds more likely to be ionic.
- They form no stable carbonyls at room temperature; organolanthanide carbonyl compounds have been observed only in argon matrices, and decompose when heated to 40 K.
σ-Bonded Complexes
Metal-carbon σ bonds are found in alkyls of the lanthanide elements such as [LnMe6]3− and Ln[CH(SiMe3)2]3. Methyllithium dissolved in THF reacts in stoichiometric ratio with LnCl3 (Ln = Y, La) to yield Ln(CH3)3 probably contaminated with LiCl.
If a chelating agent (L-L), such as tetramethylethylenediamine (tmed or tmeda) or 1,2-dimethoxyethane (dme) is mixed with MCl3 and CH3Li in THF, this forms [Li(tmed)]3[M(CH3)6] and [Li(dme)]3[M(CH3)6].
Certain powdered lanthanides react with diphenylmercury in THF to yield octahedral complexes:
π-Bonded Complexes
Cyclopentadienyl complexes are known for all lanthanides. All, barring tris(cyclopentadienyl)promethium(III) (Pm(Cp)3) can be produced by the following reaction scheme:
- 3 Na[Cp] + MCl3 → M[Cp]3 + 3 NaCl
Pm(Cp)3 can be produced by the following reaction:
- 2 PmCl3 + 3 Be[Cp]2 → 3 BeCl2 + 2 Pm[Cp]3
These compounds are of limited use and academic interest.[1]
See also
CH | He | ||||||||||||||||
CLi | CBe | CB | CC | CN | CO | CF | Ne | ||||||||||
CNa | CMg | CAl | CSi | CP | CS | CCl | CAr | ||||||||||
CK | CCa | CSc | CTi | CV | CCr | CMn | CFe | CCo | CNi | CCu | CZn | CGa | CGe | CAs | CSe | CBr | CKr |
CRb | CSr | CY | CZr | CNb | CMo | CTc | CRu | CRh | CPd | CAg | CCd | CIn | CSn | CSb | CTe | CI | CXe |
CCs | CBa | CHf | CTa | CW | CRe | COs | CIr | CPt | CAu | CHg | CTl | CPb | CBi | CPo | CAt | Rn | |
Fr | CRa | Rf | Db | CSg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og | |
↓ | |||||||||||||||||
CLa | CCe | CPr | CNd | CPm | CSm | CEu | CGd | CTb | CDy | CHo | CEr | CTm | CYb | CLu | |||
Ac | CTh | CPa | CU | CNp | CPu | CAm | CCm | CBk | CCf | CEs | Fm | Md | No | Lr |
Core organic chemistry | Many uses in chemistry |
Academic research, but no widespread use | Bond unknown |
References
- ↑ J. J. Zuckerman (17 September 2009). Inorganic Reactions and Methods, The Formation of Bonds to Elements of Group IVB (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-14547-0. Retrieved 28 July 2013.