Nicolo Schiro

Nicolo Schiro
Schiro, 1923
Born	(1872-09-02)September 2, 1872 Roccamena, Sicily, Italy
Died	April 29, 1957(1957-04-29) (aged 84) Camporeale, Sicily, Italy
Nationality	Italian, American (renounced citizenship)
Other names	"Cola"
Occupation	Crime Boss, mobster
Allegiance	Schiro Crime Family

Nicolo "Cola" Schiro or Nicola Schiro (September 2, 1872 – April 29, 1957) was an early New York City Mafia Boss of what would later be called the Bonanno Crime Family. After nearly two decades as boss, a conflict with rival gangster Joe Masseria in 1930 would force Schiro out and elevate Salvatore Maranzano as the new boss of the gang.

Early life

Nicolo Schiro was born on September 2, 1872 in the town of Roccamena, in the Province of Palermo, Sicily to Matteo Schiro and his wife, Maria Antonia Rizzuto. Nicolo was named after his paternal grandfather, a mayor of Roccamena in the 1840s who came from the Arbëreshë community of Contessa Entellina.^[1]

A few years later, Schiro's family moved to his mother's hometown in nearby Camporeale.^[1] Paolo Orlando, a cousin born in Camporeale, reportedly became a mafia boss in the large Italian community of the French colony of Tunis.^[2][3] Schiro immigrated to the United States in 1897,^[1] and by 1902 had settled in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn.^[4]

Mafia Boss

In 1912, Schiro replaced Sebastiano DiGaetano as the head of the mafia gang centered in Williamsburg.^[2] DiGaetano, an immigrant from the Sicilian town of Castellammare del Golfo, had gained notoriety two years earlier after being arrested as a suspect in the kidnappings of eight-year old Giuseppe Longo and seven-year old Michael Rizzo for ransom.^[5][6] Salvatore Clemente, a Secret Service informer in the Morello gang, claimed that DiGaetano was stepping down because he had "lost his nerve." Shortly after Schiro became boss, DiGaetano diappeared.^[1] Schiro's elevation to boss may have been helped by the presence in Brooklyn of his cousin, Orlando, who reportedly had been forced to leave Tunis.^[3] Orlando remained in Brooklyn until the end of World War I, returning to either Italy or Tunis.^[7]

At this time the most powerful mafia boss in New York City was Salvatore D'Aquila, with the title Capo di capi bestowed upon him by the other mafiosi. Clemente told his Secret Service handlers in November 1913 that Schiro was aligned with the Morello gang in a war against D'Aquila.^[8] A truce seems to have been called between the factions by the end of the year which held until the May 23, 1914 murder of Fortunato LoMonte under D'Aquila's orders. LoMonte had taken over the Morello gang after Giuseppe Morello's 1910 conviction for counterfeiting. After the killing started again, Schiro maintained a neutral position, siding with neither the D'Aquila gang nor the Morello gang.^[9]

Schiro ran the gang in a conservative manner, conducting its criminal activity primarily among Sicilian immigrants. He avoided attention from authorities and co-operating with other non-Sicilian gangs; while developing close relationships with local political leaders.^[10][11]

Schiro became naturalized as a United States citizen in 1914.^[12]

"The Good Killers"

On August 16, 1921, Vito Bonventre, Stefano Magaddino, and four other gangsters were arrested for the murder of Camillo Caiozzo a couple of weeks earlier.^[13] They were arrested after the confession of Bartolo Fontana, the gunman who had shot and killed Caiozzo. Fontana identified the men as members of the "Good Killers," a group of mafioso from Castellammare del Golfo that were leading members of the Schiro gang. Fontana said they ordered him to kill Caiozzo in retaliation for the 1916 murder of Magaddino's brother, Pietro, in Sicily. He also revealed that the "Good Killers" were responsible for a string of other murders.^[13] Some of the victims he named were connected to the Buccellato family who ran a mafia clan in Castellammere del Golfo that was opposed to the one run by the families of Bonventre and Magaddino back in their hometown.^[14]

Other victims were former supporters of Salvatore Loiacano, who had been backed by Salvatore D'Aquila to take over the Morello crime family. Loiacano was murdered on December 10, 1920, not long after Morello was released from prison. According to a newspaper article that appeared in the New York Evening World, seven men placed their hands on Loiacano's corpse and vowed revenge. Within a few months, three of the vow makers - Salvatore Mauro, Angelo Patricola, and Giuseppe Granatelli had been murdered and a fourth, Angelo Lagattuta was shot and severely wounded. They were all named by Fontana as victims of the "Good Killers," with Fontana unaware that Lagattuta had survived. Morello had made a deal with Schiro to kill Loiacano's supporters with people unfamiliar to them.^[15]

The government's case against the "Good Killers" collapsed with only Fontana's testimony against them. Fontana went to prison for Caiozzo's murder and the others were released. Magaddino fled New York City after his release, ending up in Buffalo, New York.^[16]

1920's and Prohibition

Schiro eschewed the media and was never arrested for a crime during his time as boss.^[10] Several former members of the Schiro crime family would become the bosses of gangs in other cities - Frank Lanza in San Francisco, Stefano Magaddino in Buffalo, and Gaspare Messina in New England.^[17]

Vito Bonventre remained a leader within Schiro's gang following his arrest and release in the "Good Killers" affair. With the advent of Prohibition, Bonventre developed an extensive bootlegging operation; becoming one of the gang's wealthiest members.^[18][19]

Giovanni Battista Dibella, a member of Schiro's gang, was arrested (under the alias Piazza) on July 14, 1921 when over $100,000 worth of whiskey and numerous faked liquor withdrawal permits were seized during a raid by Federal agents at his olive oil warehouse at 177 Boerum Avenue in Brooklyn.^[20][21] Schiro had been a witness at Dibella's wedding in 1912.^[22] On September 12, 1922, Dibella's brother, Salvatore, was arrested (also under the alias Piazza) for killing 17 year-old Gutman Diamond, a messenger for Western Union, while shooting at another bootlegger.^[23] Salvatore was convicted of manslaughter,^[24] and deported after serving two years in prison. However, he returned to the U.S. in 1925, escaping the notice of authorities by arriving under his real name.^[25] Later on, Dibella and his brothers became good friends and business partners with future gang leader Joseph Bonanno.^[26]

Salvatore Maranzano, son-in-law of a mafia boss in Trapani, fled Italy in 1924 after the rise to power of Benito Mussolini and the Fascists' subsequent attempts to suppress the mafia. Born in Castellammare del Golfo, he joined the Schiro gang with its large contingent of members from there. He quickly established an extensive bootlegging network in Dutchess County, New York.^[27]

Joseph Bonanno would illegally immigrate to the U.S. in 1924^[28] and join the Schiro gang. Bonanno had been born in Castellammare del Golfo and was a cousin of Vito Bonventre. He had also briefly lived in Brooklyn as a child before his family returned to Sicily. He soon became a protege of Maranzano.^[29]

Conflict with Masseria

Salvatore D'Aquila was murdered on October 10, 1928.^[30] Joe Masseria, the leader of a gang that emerged from the old Morello crime family, was selected to replace D'Aquila as the new Capo di capi that winter.^[31] After his elevation, Masseria began applying pressure to other mafia gangs for monetary tributes.^[32] Other mobsters accused him of orchestrating the 1930 murders of Gaspar Milazzo in Detroit and Gaetano Reina in the Bronx. Schiro tried to replicate the strategy of neutrality he used to deal with D'Aquila with Masseria but he was vigorously opposed by Maranzano and Buffalo boss Stefano Magaddino.^[33] Masseria claimed Schiro had committed a transgression and demanded Schiro pay him $10,000 and step down as leader of his mafia crime family. Schiro complied. Soon after, Vito Bonventre was murdered at his home on July 15, 1930.^[18] This led to Maranzano being elevated to boss of the gang and a conflict with Masseria and his allies referred to as the Castellammarese War.^[34]

Return to Sicily

After Schiro's ouster as boss in 1930, he returned to Italy; settling in his old hometown of Camporeale in Sicily. In 1934, Schiro dedicated a memorial in Camporeale to Italian soldiers killed during World War I.^[35] Schiro renounced his U.S. citizenship at the American consulate in Palermo on October 14, 1949.^[12]

Schiro died in Camporeale in 1957.^[36]

In 1999, Schiro was portrayed by Walter Massey in the television movie Bonanno: A Godfather's Story.^[37]

References

Citations

Sources

• Bonanno, Joseph; Lalli, Sergio (1983). A Man of Honor: The Autobiography of Joseph Bonanno. New York: Simon & Schuster. 
• Critchley, David (2009). The Origin of Organized Crime in America: The New York City Mafia, 1891-1931. New York: Routledge. 
• Hortis, C. Alexander (2014). The Mob and the City. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. 
• Petacco, Arrigo (1974). Joe Petrosino. Trans. by Charles Lam Markmann. New York: MacMillan Publishing. 
• Schmitt, Gavin (July 2012). "The Underworld's Interest in Wisconsin's Cheese". Informer: The History of American Crime and Law Enforcement: 56–65. 
• Warner, Richard; Santino, Angelo; Van't Reit, Lennert (May 2014). "Early New York Mafia: An Alternative Theory". Informer: The History of American Crime and Law Enforcement.