Mofetta
Mofetta (Italian from Latin mephītis, a pestilential exhalation), is a name applied to a volcanic discharge consisting chiefly of carbon dioxide, often associated with other vapours, representing the final phase of volcanic activity. The Oxford Dictionary of English lists mofetta as an archaic term for the modern word fumarole.
The word is used in the plural as mofette, or, following the French fashion, mofettes. The volcanic vents yielding the emanations are themselves called mofette. They are not uncommon in Auvergne and in the Eifel, notably on the shore of the Laacher See; whilst other examples are furnished by the Grotta del Cane, near Pozzuoli, the Valley of Death in Java, the Death Gulch in the Yellowstone Park and the series of mofette in Romania's Harghita and Covasna counties.
Depending of the mineral content of the different vapours, mofette may be used for therapeutic purposes as well. As carbon dioxide is heavier than the air, patients can use it as dry spa, if certain safety regulations are complied with. The first known record about mofetta treatment for injuries is from the 16th Century, by Paracelsus.
Today, the balneo-technology of the dry carbon-dioxide gas-bath using frozen carbon-dioxide (dry ice) is also used to reproduce the effects of a natural mofette.
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Mofetta". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.