Megabalanus

Megabalanus
Temporal range: Miocene–Recent
Fossilised M. tintinnabulum(?), showing a side-on (left) and top-down (right) view. Bottle lid for scale (2 cm diameter)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Thecostraca
Infraclass: Cirripedia
Order: Sessilia
Family: Balanidae
Genus: Megabalanus
Hoek, 1913 [1]
Species
See text

Megabalanus is a genus of barnacles in the family Balanidae. Members of the genus grow to 7 centimetres (2.8 in) in length and inhabit the lower intertidal zone.

Morphology

Megabalanus is an acorn barnacle comprising an organism dwelling in a calcium carbonate shell consisting of five plates. It reaches up to 7 cm (2.8 in) in height .[2][3][4]

Ecology

Just like other barnacles, they are suspension feeders, grabbing particulate matter from the water column overhead. M. tintinnabulum has a worldwide distribution and is commonly found on wave-beaten shores, in the lower intertidal zone.[4] The organisms tend to grow in clusters of around a dozen individuals. Other species are more select, like M. californicus of tidal habitats in California and the greater North American Pacific coast.

While many barnacles deal with competition for space by organisms such as limpets and mussels by growing many organisms close together in colonies, Megabalanus responds by rapidly growing to a very large size .[4] Their large size also helps reduce predation - although it makes them large enough to be harvested for human consumption.

Geological utility

Fossilised M. tintinnabulum(?), which grew on a boulderous debris fan (preserved as dark breccia, bottom), and were smothered by deposition of sands (orange upper layer), hence preserved in situ.

Fossilised specimens of Megabalanus have been found dating back to the Miocene .[4] Fossils bearing a close resemblance to M. tintinnabulum are preserved in large numbers in the Tabernas Basin of Spain. A case study of this area showed that the state of preservation of the organisms makes it possible to estimate the distance they were transported post mortem. Since the species today lives in the intertidal zone, this allows an estimate to be made of the distance from the shoreline, and by implication the water depth. These observations are backed up by the appearance of the deep water trace fossil Zoophycum in the predicted deepest waters, suggesting that barnacles can be a good proxy for water depth.

Species

The World Register of Marine Species includes the following species in the genus:[5]

  • Megabalanus ajax (Darwin, 1854)
  • Megabalanus antillensis (Pilsbry, 1916)
  • Megabalanus azoricus (Pilsbry, 1916)
  • Megabalanus californicus (Pilsbry, 1916)
  • Megabalanus clippertonensis Zullo, 1969
  • Megabalanus coccopoma (Darwin, 1854)
  • Megabalanus concinnus (Darwin, 1854)
  • Megabalanus costatus (Hoek, 1913)
  • Megabalanus crispatus (Schröter) Darwin, 1854
  • Megabalanus decorus (Darwin, 1854)
  • Megabalanus dolfusii (de Alessandri, 1907)
  • Megabalanus dorbignii (chenu, 1843)
  • Megabalanus galapaganus (Pilsbry, 1916)
  • Megabalanus giganteum (Kolosváry, 1949)
  • Megabalanus honti (Kolosváry, 1950)
  • Megabalanus hungaricus (Kolosváry, 1941)
  • Megabalanus javanicus (Whithers, 1923)
  • Megabalanus leganyii (Kolosváry, 1950)
  • Megabalanus multiseptatus (Ross, 1964)
  • Megabalanus occator (Darwin, 1854)
  • Megabalanus peninsularis (Pilsbry, 1916)
  • Megabalanus plicatus (Hoek, 1913)
  • Megabalanus rosa (Choi, Anderson & Kim, 1992)
  • Megabalanus seguenzai (de Alessandri, 1895)
  • Megabalanus spinosus (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Megabalanus stultus (Darwin, 1854)
  • Megabalanus tanagrae (Pilsbry, 1928)
  • Megabalanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Megabalanus transsylvanicus (Kolosváry, 1950)
  • Megabalanus transversostriatus (Beurlen, 1958)
  • Megabalanus tulipiformis (Ellis, 1758)
  • Megabalanus validus Darwin, 1854
  • Megabalanus venezuelensis (Weisbord, 1966)
  • Megabalanus vesiculosus (Darwin, 1854)
  • Megabalanus vinaceus (Darwin, 1854)
  • Megabalanus volcano (Pilsbry, 1916)
  • Megabalanus xishaensis (Ren & Liu, 1978)
  • Megabalanus zebra Russell et al., 2003

References

  1. ↑ "Megabalanus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
  2. ↑ B. A. Foster (1987). "Barnacle ecology and adaptation". In A. J. Southward. Crustacean Issues V. Barnacle Biology. Balkema, Rotterdam. pp. 113–133. ISBN 90-6191-628-3.
  3. ↑ B. A. Foster & J. S. Buckeridge (1987). "Barnacle palaeontology". In A. J. Southward. Crustacean Issues V. Barnacle Biology. Balkema, Rotterdam. pp. 43–62. ISBN 90-6191-628-3.
  4. 1 2 3 4 P. Doyle; A. E. Mather; M. R. Bennett; A. Bussell (1997). "Miocene barnacle assemblages from southern Spain and their palaeoenvironmental significance". Lethaia. 29 (3): 267–274. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1996.tb01659.x.
  5. ↑ Chan, Benny K.K. (2010). "Megabalanus Hoek, 1913". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2012-02-01.
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