Mary Ann Gilbert

Mary Ann Gilbert (1776 – 26 April 1845^[1]) was an English agronomist.

Birth and childhood

Mary Ann Gilbert was the daughter of Thomas Gilbert, who was a grocer in Lewes, Sussex. When he died in 1782, he left (by her own account) his widow and daughter almost penniless. . After her mother's death in 1807, she frequently stayed with her uncle Charles at Eastbourne.^[2]

Marriage

On 18 April 1808, she married Davies Giddy, a Cornish landowner, who had served as High Sheriff of the Duchy.^[2] He was an M.P. for Cornish constituencies from 1806 to 1832. Among his roles in Parliament was as Chairman of the Board of Agriculture. Mary Ann Gilbert was passionately concerned about low agricultural productivity and the plight of the rural poor. Davies was more interested in how the Parish Rate for the support of unemployed might be reduced.

Davies Giddy was also a professional applied mathematician and became a Fellow of the Royal Society, and, for an unhappy period, its President.^[3]

In 1814, Mary Ann Gilbert's uncle, Charles Gilbert, died. In his Will, he left her much property in Sussex, or to a future husband, if he changed his name to "Gilbert".

In December 1817 Davies Giddy took his wife's surname, "Gilbert", to perpetuate it. In January 1818, the names of their children were also changed.

Agronomic experiment

Sharing her husband's interest, Mary Ann Gilbert managed some successful practical agronomical experiments at Beachy Head in feeding the poor, or rather, teaching them to feed themselves using land no-one else wanted, for a fair rent. She presented the statistical results of these works to her husband's political, scientific and "County" contacts. She was also a prominent member of the Labourer's Friend Society (later the Society for Improving the Condition of the Labouring Classes ^[4]). Among those who advised her were Richard Whately, Anglican Archbishop of Dublin and his brother, the Vicar of Cookham in Berkshire, Edwin Chadwick and William Gill, of Chacewater, Cornwall.

Topographic illustrations

Her illustrations appear in Thomas Bond's Topographical and historical sketches of the boroughs of East and West Looe, in the county of Cornwall (1823). Bond was a cousin of her husband.^[5]

Children

Of their eight children, three daughters and a son survived her husband. Their son, John Davies Gilbert (5 December 1811 – 16 April 1854) was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in April, 1834. He played a significant part, as landowner, in developing the town of Eastbourne.^[6]

Death

Mary Ann Gilbert died on 26 April 1845 at Eastbourne ^[6]

See also

• British Agricultural Revolution

Sources, Notes and References

Sources

• Todd, A.C. (1956). "An Answer to Poverty in Sussex, 1830-45". Agricultural History Review. 4 (1): 45–51. 

• ODNB David Philip Miller (2004). "'Gilbert (Giddy) Davies (1767–1839)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2006-09-18. 
• A.C. Todd (1967), Beyond the blaze: A biography of Davies Gilbert, D.Bradford Barton 

References

1. ↑ Date of death: Todd (1956:510)
2. 1 2 THE ARCHIVE OF THE DAVIES-GILBERT FAMILY OF EASTBOURNE, EAST SUSSEX, AND TRELISSICK, CORNWALL is held by East Sussex Record Office and consists of 2236 files. Its online catalogue entry provides much information about the family, under the heading "Administrative History.
3. ↑ ODNB, Todd (1967) Beyond the blaze.
4. ↑ The Society for Improving the Condition of the Labouring Classes was established in 1844 with the Prince Consort as its President; Henry Roberts, its Honorary Architect, was a pioneer in the improvement of working-class housing.
5. ↑ Bond's biography appears in ODNB: John Westby-Gibson, ‘Bond, Thomas (1765–1837)’, rev. Christine North, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 5 June 2008. The book, Topographical and historical sketches . . . is available online on GoogleBooks.
6. 1 2 Gentleman's Magazine June 1845, New Series, vol. 23, page 626, "Obituary of Mary Ann Gilbert". (Available at Google Books)