Marcel Moyse

Marcel Moyse (pron. moh-EEZ;[1] May 17, 1889 in St. Amour, France – November 1, 1984 in Brattleboro, Vermont, United States) was a French flutist. Moyse studied at the Paris Conservatory and was a student of Philippe Gaubert, Adolphe Hennebains, and Paul Taffanel; all of whom were flute virtuosos in their time.[2] Moyse played principal flute in various Paris orchestras and appeared widely as a soloist and made many recordings. His trademark tone was clear, flexible, penetrating, and controlled by a fast vibrato. This was a characteristic of the ‘French style’ of flute playing that was to influence the modern standard for flutists worldwide.[3]

Moyse taught on the faculty of the Conservatoire de musique de Québec à Montréal, and was a founder of the Marlboro Music School and festival. Moyse strove to teach his students “not how to play the flute, but to make music”. Among his students were James Galway, Paula Robison, Trevor Wye, William Bennett, Carol Wincenc, Bernard Goldberg, Robert Aitken, September Payne and Julia Bogorad.[4] Moyse authored many flute studies, including De la Sonorite and Tone Development Through Interpretation, published by McGinnis & Marx.[5]

Paris Conservatoire

Marcel Moyse moved to Paris in 1904 to live with his uncle, Joseph Moyse. By living with his uncle, Marcel observed firsthand the life of the average professional musician. Joseph played in the cello section of the Lamourreux Orchestra, or Concerts Lamoureux, a highly respected musical institution founded in 1881 by Charles Lamoureux. Marcel depended on his uncle to interpret Parisian life and to guide him in determining his place in it. Joseph established a plan for his nephew, designed to bring him socially and intellectually up to speed. In the first month Marcel could do what he pleased: attend concerts, visit museums, stroll the streets. Marcel had told his uncle that he wanted to be a sculptor, so Joseph enrolled him in a drawing class at the Ecole Boule, however Joseph also intended to find him a flute teacher.[6]

With the help of Alfred Moyse, Joseph purchased a new flute for Marcel and immediately assigned him several daily practice sessions of forty-five minutes each, interspersed with fifteen minutes of reading from his extensive personal library.[7] Along with this extensive study on flute, Joseph took Marcel to rehearsals and concerts in order to give Marcel an insight of what was possible for the future. In May 1904, Joseph presented Marcel to Adolphe Hennebains. Hennebains remarked favorably on the boy's abilities and accepted him as a pupil, a decision that brought Marcel one giant step closer to the Conservatoire.[8]

After just a few months of studying with Hennebains, Moyse made swift progress with him and was invited to audit Paul Taffanel's class at the Paris Conservatoire.[9] Taffanel was looked upon highly and although by the time Moyse had him as a teacher, Taffanel was sixty and retired from playing, Moyse's time with Taffanel was invaluable.[10] Moyse immediately grasped the standard repertoire required for admittance into the Conservatoire. Under the guidance of Hennebains and with the approval of Taffnel, Moyse auditioned for and won a place in the flute class at the Paris Conservatoire in the fall of 1905.[11] In 1906 with only one year of Conservatoire training, Moyse performed the newly written exam piece, Nocturne et Allegro scherzando by Philippe Gaubert. If Moyse was nervous, he did not betray it in his performance, with the stretching melody of the nocturne and the skipping, whimisical turns of the scherzo were perfect vehicles for his expressive tone and nimble technique. At the age of seventeen, Moyse accepted a first prize and was deemed ready for a professional career.[12]

Moyse had become one of a handful of flutists in the history of the Conservatoire to qualify for a first prize in one year, but his playing lacked polish, and he knew it. Soon after leaving the school he approached Hennebains for more lessons, but his former teacher turned him down, saying that eighteen-year-old was already an accomplished artist. So Moyse went to Philippe Gaubert, who then played with the Opéra and the Société des Concerts. Gaubert, who had been impressed by Moyse's performance of his concours solo, was pleased to accept him as a private student, every Friday at five o'clock in the evening.[13] Moyse remained with Gaubert for about four years. "Gaubert was an instinctive musician," he said. "He played as naturally as someone walks, stepping out with his left foot, then his right, avoiding all obstacles. The musical instince of Gaubert was like an instinct of the body-music without thinking about it."[14]

Career

Diligent practice, additional study, and a growing number of performing opportunities in the 1906-07 season absorbed Moyse completely. After having studied in Lucien Capet's chamber music class, he continued independently to work through the repertoire for solo violin and eventually added cello literature to his practice sessions, "to try to develop a rich sound, as my uncle had on his cello."[15]

In 1913, Moyse toured the United States with Nellie Melba in her private train. Soon after, World War I arrived and Moyse was rejected by the army because of recurring pneumonia. This was a very difficult time in his life, particularly as Moyse was slowly trying to rebuild his health. From the years 1916 to 1918, Nadia Boulanger invited Moyse to play at her classes on musical analysis. Moyse became the solo flute in L' Opéra Comique and simultaneously, in order to prove himself, he applied for the solo flute position in the Paris Opéra. He was offered the position but turned it down as it would interfere with the frequent visits to St. Amour. Moyse's career continued to flourish, and he became first flutist with the orchestra of the Société des Concerts.[16]

In 1931, Moyse was teaching in Geneva when the flutist of the Orchestre de Suisse Romande, Marcel Welsch, committed suicide. Welsch was scheduled to play Bach's Fifth Brandenburg Concerto with the orchestra; it was Blanche Honegger who suggested Moyse as a replacement. This was the beginning of the famous Trio Moyse]: Marcel-the found and director-playing flute; Blanche, playing violin and viola; and Louis, playing both flute and piano. From its conception in 1934, the Trio Moyse performed and recorded for the next 20 years.[17]

In 1932, Moyse succeeded Philippe Gaubert as Professor at the Paris Conservatoire and in addition, was appointed Professor at the Geneva Conservatoire from 1933 to 1949, which entailed a weekly trip to Geneva. Geneva being fairly close to St. Armour, meant more frequent visits to the village where he was born and which he loved. He never failed to visit his adoptive mother when he passed by St. Armour.[18]

By 1936, he was on top of the world. He became a Chevalier of the Légion D'Honneur for his artistic contributions as a musician, and he traveled widely, performing in most of the major European cities, which included several performances and recordings in London. In 1938, he was invited to play at the Tanglewood Festival held in the United States for two weeks; both Blanche and Louis went with him as the Trio also had been invited by Toscanini to play on the N.B.C. Radio in New York.[19]

The End of an Era

In Moyse's last years, he was troubled by various medical problems which necessitated many operations and hospitalizations. Marcel Moyse died on the 1st of November, 1984, at the age of 94, and was cremated in Brattleboro, Vermont. His ashes were buried in the cemetery of St. Armour Church in Jura, France, in August, 1985.[20]

The end of his life marked the close of an era. Generations of both distinguished and less distinguished flute players have been profoundly influenced by his playing and his teaching. There were several tributes to Moyse in remembrance, notably the memorial concert held at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in London on January 6, 1985, and shortly after a concert "In Memory of Marcel Moyse" held in Brattleboro, Vermont on February 3, 1985. On Moyse's centenary in 1989, there was the "Marcel Moyse Centennial Celebration" which took place from the 17th-20th of the May in Marlboro and Brattleboro, Vermont. At the same time, a "Flute Celebration" was presented in London which paid tribute to the great flutist and teacher on his birth date, the 17th of May. There were many memorials and remembrances to Moyse in the world's flute press, and a flourishing Marcel Moyse Society was formed in the U.S.A.[21]

Publications

Recordings

  1. Fantasie brillante for Flute and Piano on Bizet's Carmen
  2. Carnival of the Animals: The swan
  3. Mélodie for Flute and Piano
  4. Madrigal for Flute and Piano
  5. Souvenir de Gand
  6. Fantasie Mélancolique, Op. 1
  7. Suite for Orchestra No. 2 in B minor, BWV 1067: Polonaise
  8. Suite for Orchestra No. 2 in B minor, BWV 1067: Badinerie
  9. Andante pastorale et Scherzettino
  10. Syrinx
  11. Andante pastorale et Scherzettino
  12. Fantasie pastorale hongroise for Flute and Piano, Op. 26
  13. L'arlésienne: Suite No. 1: 2nd movement, Menuet
  14. Variations de concert sur le Carnaval de Venise
  15. Orfeo ed Euridice: Les Champs-Elysées
  16. By the Brook
  17. Quartet for Strings No. 1 in D major, Op. 11: 2nd movement, Andante cantabile
  18. Fantaisie for Flute and Piano

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "Louis Moyse, Founder of Music School, Dies at 94". The New York Times. 2007-08-09. Retrieved 2016-05-09.
  2. ↑ McCutchan, pg. 49
  3. ↑ Dorgeuille, pg. 104
  4. ↑ Marcel Moyse Society
  5. ↑ Marcel Moyse Society
  6. ↑ McCutchan, pg. 47
  7. ↑ McCutchan, pg. 46
  8. ↑ McCutchan, pg. 46
  9. ↑ McCutchan, pg. 55
  10. ↑ McCutchan, pg. 56
  11. ↑ McCutchan, pg. 57
  12. ↑ McCutchan, pg. 67
  13. ↑ McCutchan, pg. 72
  14. ↑ McCutchan, pg. 74
  15. ↑ McCutchan, pg. 74
  16. ↑ Wye, pg. 4
  17. ↑ Wye, pg. 5
  18. ↑ Wye, pg. 5
  19. ↑ Wye, pg. 5
  20. ↑ Wye, pg. 7
  21. ↑ Wye, pg. 8

References

Archives

External links

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