Marc Almond
Marc Almond | |
---|---|
Almond performing in October 2008 | |
Background information | |
Birth name | Peter Mark Sinclair Almond |
Born |
Southport, England | 9 July 1957
Genres | Synthpop, new wave, cabaret, art pop, gothic rock |
Occupation(s) | Musician, singer-songwriter |
Instruments | Vocals |
Years active | 1976–present |
Labels | Some Bizzare, Virgin, Sire, Echo, Blue Star, Sanctuary, Vertigo |
Associated acts | Soft Cell, Marc and the Mambas, Flesh Volcano, The Immaculate Consumptive, Marc Almond and the Willing Sinners, Bronski Beat, Jools Holland, Sex Gang Children, Current 93, Psychic TV, Coil (band) |
Website |
marcalmond |
Peter Mark Sinclair "Marc" Almond (born 9 July 1957) is an English singer-songwriter and musician. Almond first began performing and recording in the synthpop/new wave duo Soft Cell. He has also had a diverse career as a solo artist. His collaborations include a duet with Gene Pitney on the 1989 UK number one single "Something's Gotten Hold of My Heart".[1] Almond has sold over 30 million records worldwide.[2]
Early life
Almond was born in Southport, Lancashire,[3] the son of Sandra Mary Diesen and Peter John Sinclair Almond, a Second Lieutenant in the King's Liverpool Regiment. He was brought up at his grandparents' house in Birkdale, Lancashire with his younger sister, Julia, and as a child suffered from bronchitis and asthma. When he was four, they left their grandparents' house and moved to Starbeck, North Yorkshire. Two years later they returned to Southport, and then moved to Horsforth, West Yorkshire.[4]
At the age of 11, Almond attended Aireborough Grammar School near Leeds, West Yorkshire. He found solace in music, listening to British radio pioneer John Peel. The first album he purchased was the soundtrack of the stage musical Hair and the first single "Green Manalishi" by Fleetwood Mac. He later became a great fan of Marc Bolan and David Bowie and got a part-time job as a stable boy to fund his musical tastes.[5] After his parents' divorce in 1972, he moved with his mother back to Southport. He gained two O-Levels in Art and English and was accepted onto a General Art and Design course at Southport College, specialising in Performance Art.[6]
Almond applied to Leeds Polytechnic, where he was interviewed by Jeff Nuttall, also a performance artist, who accepted him on the strength of his performing skills. During his time at Art College, he did a series of performance theatre pieces: Zazou, Glamour in Squalor, Twilights and Lowlifes, as well as Andy Warhol inspired mini-movies. Zazou was reviewed by The Yorkshire Evening Post and described as "one of the most nihilistic depressing pieces that I have ever had the misfortune to see", prompting Almond to later refer to it as a "success" in his autobiography.[7] He left Art College with a 2:1 honours degree. He later credited writer and artist Molly Parkin with discovering him. It was at Leeds Polytechnic that Almond met David Ball, a fellow student; they formed Soft Cell in 1977.[8]
As a child, Almond listened to his parents' record collection, which included his mother's "Let's Dance" by Chris Montez and "The Twist" by Chubby Checker, as well as his father's collection of jazz, including Dave Brubeck and Eartha Kitt. As an adolescent, Almond listened to Radio Caroline and Radio Luxembourg. He listened at first to progressive music, blues, and rock, and bands such as Free, Jethro Tull, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Van der Graaf Generator, The Who, and The Doors. He bought the first ever issue of Sounds because it contained a free poster of Jimmy Page. Almond became a fan of Bolan after hearing him on The John Peel Show, buying the T. Rex single "Ride a White Swan". From then on, Almond "followed everything Marc Bolan did" and it was his obsession with Bolan that prompted Almond to adopt the "Marc" spelling of his name.[9] He discovered the songs of Jacques Brel through Bowie as well as Alex Harvey and Dusty Springfield. Brel became a major influence.[4]
Career
1980s
Almond and Dave Ball formed the synthesizer-based duo Soft Cell and signed to Some Bizzare Label. Their hits included "Tainted Love" (UK No. 1), "Bedsitter" (UK No. 4), "Say Hello, Wave Goodbye" (UK No. 3), "Torch" (UK No. 2), "What!" (UK No. 3), "Soul Inside" (UK No. 16), and the club hit "Memorabilia". Soft Cell's first release was an independent record (funded by Dave Ball's mother) entitled "Mutant Moments" via Red Rhino Records in 1980.[10]
"Mutant Moments" came to the attention of music entrepreneur Stevo Pearce, who at the time was compiling a "futurist" chart for the music papers Record Mirror & Sounds which featured young, upcoming and experimental bands of the new wave of electronic sound. He signed the duo to his Some Bizzare label and they enjoyed a string of nine Top 40 hit singles and four Top 20 albums in the UK between 1981–84. They recorded three albums in New York with producer Mike Thorne: Non-Stop Erotic Cabaret, Non Stop Ecstatic Dancing and The Art of Falling Apart. Almond became involved with the New York Underground Art Scene at this time with writer/DJ Anita Sarko, and performed at a number of Art events, as well as meeting many New York Art luminaries, including Andy Warhol.
"Tainted Love", a cover of a Gloria Jones' Northern Soul classic, was number one in the UK and in many countries over the world, and was in the Guinness Book of Records for a while as the record that spent the longest time in the Billboard Top 100 chart in the U.S. It also won the best single award of 1981 at the first Brit Awards. Soft Cell brought an otherwise obscure Northern Soul classic to mass public attention and their version of the song is, to date, the UK's 59th best selling single of all time, selling over one million copies in the UK.[11]
In 1982, Almond formed Marc and the Mambas as an offshoot project from Soft Cell. Marc and the Mambas was a loose experimental collective that set the template for the artist that Almond would become. The Mambas at various times included Matt Johnson, Steve James Sherlock, Lee Jenkinson, Peter Ashworth, Jim Thirlwell and Anni Hogan, with whom Almond worked later in his solo career. Under the Mambas moniker, Almond recorded two albums, Untitled and the seminal double opus Torment and Toreros. He disbanded the collective when it started to feel too much like a regular band.
Soft Cell disbanded in 1984 just before the release of their fourth album, This Last Night in Sodom, though the duo reunited in 2001.
Almond's first proper solo album was Vermin in Ermine, released in 1984. Produced by Mike Hedges, it featured musicians from the Mambas outfit, Annie Hogan, Martin McCarrick and Billy McGee. This ensemble, known as The Willing Sinners, worked alongside Almond for the subsequent albums Stories of Johnny (1985) from which the title track became a minor hit, and Mother Fist and Her Five Daughters (1987), also produced by Mike Hedges. The latter album was highly acclaimed in reviews, with Ned Raggett writing that the 'Mother Fist' album "embraces classic European cabaret to wonderful effect, more so than any American or English rock album since Bowie's Aladdin Sane or Lou Reed's Berlin."[12]
McCarrick left The Willing Sinners in 1987 to join Siouxsie and the Banshees, from which point Hogan and McGee became known as La Magia. Almond signed to EMI and released the album The Stars We Are in 1988.[13] This album featured Almond's version of "Something's Gotten Hold of My Heart", which was later re-recorded as a duet with the song's original singer Gene Pitney and released as a single. The track reached No. 1 in the UK. It also reached number one in Germany and was a major hit in countries around the world. The Stars We Are became his biggest selling solo album in the USA, and the single "Tears Run Rings" became his only solo single to peak inside the US Billboard Hot 100.
Almond's other recordings in the 1980s included an album of Brel songs, called Jacques, and an album of dark French chansons originally performed by Juliette Greco, Serge Lama and Léo Ferré, as well as poems by Rimbaud and Baudelaire set to music. This album was released in 1993 as Absinthe, and was initially recorded in the late 1980s then finished in Paris in the early 1990s.
1990s
Almond's first release in the 1990s was the album Enchanted, which spawned the UK Top 30 hit "A Lover Spurned". A further single from the album, "Waifs and Strays", was remixed by Dave Ball who was now in the electronic dance band The Grid. In 1991, Soft Cell returned to the charts with a new remix of "Say Hello Wave Goodbye" followed by a re-release of "Tainted Love" (with a new video). The singles were issued to promote a new Soft Cell/Marc Almond compilation album, Memorabilia - The Singles, which collected some of the biggest hits from Almond's career throughout the previous ten years. The album reached the UK Top 10.
Almond then signed to WEA and released a new solo album, Tenement Symphony. Produced partly by Trevor Horn, the album yielded three Top 40 hits including renditions of the Jacques Brel classic "Jacky" (which made the UK Top 20), and "The Days of Pearly Spencer" which returned Almond to the UK Top 5 in 1992. Later that year, Almond played a lavish one-off show at the Royal Albert Hall in London, which featured an orchestra and dancers as he performed material from his entire career. The show was recorded and released as the CD and video 12 Years of Tears.[14]
In 1993 Almond toured Russia (including Siberia) by invitation of the British consul in Moscow. Accompanied only by Martin Watkins on piano, he played small Soviet halls and theatres, often without amplification, and ended at the "mini Bolshoi" in Moscow. Transmitted live on television Almond made a plea for tolerance of gay people. The tour was fraught with troubles, which Almond detailed in his autobiography, but it marked the beginning of his love affair with the genre of Russian folk torch songs known as Romance.
Almond's next album Fantastic Star saw him part with WEA and sign to Mercury Records. Much of Fantastic Star was originally recorded in New York with Mike Thorne, but later after signing to Mercury, was reworked in London. Almond also recorded a session for the album with John Cale, David Johanson, and Chris Spedding; some made the final cut. Other songs were produced by Mike Hedges and Martyn Ware. Adding to the disjointed recording process was the fact that during recording Almond also spent several weeks attending a treatment centre in Canterbury for addiction to prescription drugs.[15] However, on its release Fantastic Star gave Almond a hit single with Adored and Explored, and also minor hits and stage favorites such as The Idol and Child Star. Fantastic Star was Almond's last album with a major record label, and the period also marked the ending of his managerial relationship with Stevo Pearce.[16]
Almond re-invented himself and signed to Echo records in 1998 with a more downbeat and atmospheric electronica album, Open All Night. This featured R&B and trip hop influences, as well as torch songs for which he had become known. The album featured a duet ("Threat of Love") with Siouxsie Sioux as well as one ("Almost Diamonds") with Kelli Ali (then of the Sneaker Pimps). "Black Kiss", "Tragedy" and "My Love" were the singles from the album Open All Night.[14]
2000s
Almond relocated in 2000 to Moscow where he rented an apartment. With the encouragement and connections of executive producer Misha Kucherenko, he embarked on a three-year recording project of Russian romance and folk songs, called Heart on Snow.[17] Featuring many Russian stars old and new such as Boris Grebenshchikov, Ilya Lagutenko of the Russian band Mumiy Troll, Lyudmila Zykina and Alla Bayanova and featuring The Rossiya Folk Orchestra conducted by Anatole Sobolev, it was the first time that such a project had been undertaken by a Western artist, many of the loved Soviet era songs sung in English for the first time.[18] The album was produced by musician/arranger Andrei Samsonov.[19] Almond performed many times at the famous now demolished Rossiya Concert Hall with Lyudmila Zykina and Alla Bayanova, and with the Rossiya Folk Orchestra.[17]
In 2001, Soft Cell reunited briefly and released their first new album in 18 years, Cruelty Without Beauty. Two singles came out of this album, "Monoculture" and a cover of the Frankie Valli's "The Night", which led to a Top of the Pops appearance for the band, their first since the mid 1980s.[20]
In October 2004, Almond was seriously injured in a motorbike accident near St Paul's Cathedral, London.[21] Near death and in a coma for weeks, he suffered two huge blood clots and had to undergo emergency surgery twice.[22] He also suffered serious head injuries, multiple breaks and fractures, a collapsed lung and damaged hearing. After the accident he suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder.[23] He began a slow recovery determined to get back on the stage and in the studio.
In June 2007, Almond released an album of cover songs, Stardom Road. Picked to tell a story of his life and career, the album featured songs as diverse as "I Have Lived" by Charles Aznavour, to "Stardom Road" by Third World War, Frank Sinatra's "Strangers in the Night", and "Kitsch" by Paul Ryan. The album featured his first new song since the motorbike accident, "Redeem me (Beauty Will Redeem the World)". Stardom Road was to be one of three albums for the Sanctuary label, the UK's largest independent record label up until 2007[24] when it got itself into financial difficulty and was sold off in June 2007 to Universal Music Group.[25] In July 2007, Almond celebrated his 50th birthday on stage at the Shepherds Bush Empire in London and in September performed at a tribute show to Marc Bolan, his teenage hero. At the concert he dueted with Bolan's wife, Gloria Jones, on an impromptu version of "Tainted Love". In October 2007, the fashion house Yves Saint Laurent picked Almond's "Strangers in the Night" to represent their show at London's Fashion Rocks. Almond performed for the event at the Royal Albert Hall.[22]
In 2008 and 2009, Almond toured with Jools Holland throughout the UK as well as guesting at shows by Current 93, Baby Dee and a tribute show to the late folk singer Sandy Denny at the Festival Hall.[26] In October 2009, Almond released his second album of Russian Romances and Gypsy songs in an album titled Orpheus in Exile. The album was a tribute to Russian singer Vadim Kozin, who was exiled to the gulags of the Arctic Circle. The album was produced by Alexei Fedorov and features an orchestra arranged by Anatole Sobolev.[27]
2010s
In June 2010, Almond released Varieté, his first studio album of self written material since Stranger Things in 2001.[28] Almond intimated at the time that this could possibly be his last fully self-penned album.[29] The album marks Almond's 30th anniversary as a recording artist, a fact he celebrated with a new concert tour in Autumn 2010.[30] Also in the summer of 2010 Almond was named Mojo Hero, an award given by the music magazine Mojo.[31] The award was presented to Almond by Anohni who flew from New York for the occasion.[32]
In 2011, Almond released the Feasting with Panthers album, a collaboration with musician and arranger Michael Cashmore. It featured poetry set to music, including the poems of Count Eric Stenbock, Jean Genet, Jean Cocteau, Paul Verlaine and Rimbaud.[33] Later in the same year Almond took part in a music-theatre work Ten Plagues, held at Edinburgh's Traverse Theatre, as part of the 2011 Edinburgh Festival Fringe, from 1 to 28 August 2011.[34] Ten Plagues is a one-man song cycle based on Daniel Defoe's Journal of the Plague Year (which dates back to 1722), with metaphors of Aids and epidemics.[35] It was written for him by Mark Ravenhill and Conor Mitchell.
In 2012, Almond took the role of the Roman Stoic philosopher Seneca in the Paris Théâtre du Châtelet's experimental rock adaptation of Poppea, based on Monteverdi's original 17th-century opera The Coronation of Poppea.[36] The production also featured ex-Libertines member Carl Barat, French singer-songwriter Benjamin Biolay, Swedish singer Fredrika Stahl and was directed by ex-Clash drummer Peter Howard.[36] Later that year, on 9 August 2012, Almond performed at Anohni's Meltdown Festival in London's Southbank Centre, reforming Marc and the Mambas to perform their second album Torment and Toreros live for the first time.[37] Anohni has stated that Torment and Toreros was her favourite album throughout her teens and that it became the starting point for Antony and the Johnsons.[38] Anohni joined the band on stage for one song, singing "My Little Book of Sorrows" with Almond.[37]
In 2013, Almond revived Ten Plagues and performed it for a month at Wilton's Music Hall in London.[39] He also performed with Jethro Tull's Ian Anderson on stage performing Tull's concept album "Thick as a Brick" at The Royal Albert Hall.[40] That year Almond also received The Ivor Novello Inspiration Award which was presented to him by longtime friend and co-Manager Vicki Wickham, and was also awarded the Icon Award from Attitude.[41][42]
Almond released three albums throughout 2014. First was The Tyburn Tree (Dark London) with composer John Harle, a concept album about dark historical London.[43] This was followed by The Dancing Marquis album, made with a number of collaborators including Jarvis Cocker, Carl Barât and Jools Holland, featuring production from Tony Visconti on some tracks.[44] Finally, Almond released a studio recording of his 2011 show, Ten Plagues - A Song Cycle.[45]
2015 saw the release of The Velvet Trail, an album of original material produced by Chris Braide.[46] Almond is currently working on a song cycle to accompany the filming of a multi media performance of À rebours (translated as Against Nature) by Joris-Karl Huysmans.[47] The score for this project has been written by Othon Mataragas with words from Feasting with Panthers collaborator Jeremy Reed. Reed states that he has written 15 songs for the project commenting that Against Nature is "still probably one of the most decadent books ever written" and that Almond had always wanted to perform it, stating that "now we’re both jaded aesthetes we could do it".[48]
In 2016, Marc Almond signed his first major label deal for 20 years, signing a two-album deal with BMG Rights Management.[49]
Personal life
Almond divides his time between London, Moscow, and Barcelona.[50] In an interview in 2010, he said, "The London I love seems to be disappearing every day. For all its faults, it is the greatest city."[23]
Almond has stated that he dislikes being pigeon-holed as "a 'gay' artist", saying that such a label "enables people to marginalize your work and reduce its importance, implying that it won't be of any interest to anyone who isn't gay".[51] In 2010, Almond said that he has "a fulfilling work life and a comfortable private life". He has been with the same partner for over 20 years.[23]
Almond is a LaVeyan Satanist. Noise musician Boyd Rice initiated Almond into the Church of Satan.[52]
Discography
Solo albums
- Vermin in Ermine (1984)
- Stories of Johnny (1985)
- Mother Fist and Her Five Daughters (1987)
- The Stars We Are (1988)
- Jacques (1989)
- Enchanted (1990)
- Tenement Symphony (1991)
- Absinthe (1993)
- Fantastic Star (1996)
- Open All Night (1999)
- Stranger Things (2001)
- Heart on Snow (2003)
- Stardom Road (2007)
- Orpheus in Exile (2009)
- Varieté (2010)
- Feasting with Panthers (2011)
- The Tyburn Tree (Dark London) (2014)
- The Dancing Marquis (2014)
- Ten Plagues - A Song Cycle (2014)
- The Velvet Trail (2015)
- Against Nature (2015)
References
- ↑ "Gene Pitney found dead in hotel". BBC News. 5 April 2006. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
- ↑ Sweetland, Nicky (11 December 2015). "Marc Almond to play one-off birthday concert". London Weekly News. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
- ↑ Cooke, Rachel (23 January 2005). "One close shave". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 March 2010.
- 1 2 "Biography". Marc Almond. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ Almond, M., Tainted Life – the autobiography, Sidgwick and Jackson, 1999, p.24
- ↑ Walker, John. (1987) "Marc Almond & David Ball – Soft Cell: music + art school". In Cross-Overs: Art into Pop, Pop into Art.
- ↑ Marc Almond (1999). Tainted Life – the autobiography. Sidgwick and Jackson. p. 63. ISBN 0 283 06340 8.
- ↑ "Tainted love". The Guardian. London. 29 April 2002. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ Sinclair, David (2007) "Marc Bolan: the celebration", The Times, 17 September 2007, retrieved 27 July 2010
- ↑ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 20. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
- ↑ "Best Selling Singles of All Time". everyHit.com. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ Raggett, Ned. "Mother Fist and Her Five Daughters – Marc Almond, Marc Almond & the Willing Sinners : Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "Stars We Are – Marc Almond". AllMusic. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- 1 2 "Discography". Marc Almond. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ Almond, M., Tainted Life – the autobiography, Sidgwick and Jackson, 1999, p. 389
- ↑ Almond, M., Tainted Life – the autobiography, Sidgwick and Jackson, 1999, p. 409
- 1 2 "Interview to Peoples.ru (in Russian)". Retrieved 30 August 2014.
- ↑ Tim Bishop (5 November 2003). "Torch singer Almond lights up Russia". BBC News. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
- ↑ "Mute Song". Retrieved 30 August 2014.
- ↑ "Prolific career of singer Almond". BBC. 18 October 2004. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ↑ "Marc Almond 'stable' after crash". BBC News. 18 October 2004. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
- 1 2 Johnson, Emma (10 March 2013). "Marc Almond reaches out to a new audience". Liverpool Daily Post. Retrieved 14 August 2009.
- 1 2 3 Husband, Stuart (21 August 2010). "Marc Almond reflects on his life and the motorbike crash that nearly ended it". Daily Mail. London. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- ↑ "Sanctuary may sell off some units". BBC News. 26 January 2007. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ Holton, Kate (15 June 2007). "Universal agrees to buy struggling Sanctuary". Reuters. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ↑ "Youtube". Retrieved 30 August 2014.
- ↑ Jurek, Thom (6 October 2009). "Orpheus in Exile: Songs of Vadim Kozin – Marc Almond : Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
- ↑ "Marc Almond on the mend". NME. 28 October 2004. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ↑ Stuart Husband (21 August 2010). "In a taxi with... Soft Cell singer Marc Almond". Daily Mail. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ↑ Gavin Martin (4 June 2010). "Varieté is the spice of life for Marc Almond". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
- ↑ "Guitar legends win at Mojo music awards". Daily Telegraph. 11 June 2010. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ↑ Paine, Andre (11 June 2010). "Jimmy Page Honored At Mojo Awards". Billboard. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ↑ Ian Shirley (September 2007). "Dark poetry set to music". Record Collector. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ↑ "Another Fringe First for the Traverse". traverse.co.uk. 19 August 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
- ↑ Nick Curtis (22 April 2013). "Tainted life: as his new operatic show Ten Plagues opens, Marc Almond is still surprising". Evening Standard. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
- 1 2 Mudge, Stephen J (31 May 2012). "Pop'pea PARIS Théâtre du Châtelet review". Opera News. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- 1 2 "Stellar Systems: Antony Hegarty's Meltdown Festival Reviewed". The Quietus. 14 August 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ↑ Fitzmaurice, Larry (28 June 2011). "5-10-15-20: Antony". Pitchfork. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ↑ Sullivan, Caroline (26 April 2013). "Marc Almond/Ten Plagues – review". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ↑ Welsh, Andrew (7 January 2014). "Marc Almond joins Jools Holland for Perth gig". Daily Record. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ↑ Seaman, Duncan (16 May 2013). "Leeds singer Marc Almond wins Ivor Novello Award". Yorkshire Evening Post. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ↑ Tonks, Owen (16 October 2013). "Attitude Awards 2013: Relive the glitz, glamour and gossip as it happened". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ↑ Ian Harrison (19 February 2014). "John Harle & Marc Almond – My Fair Lady". Mojo. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
- ↑ Zulekha Afzal (25 September 2013). "Marc Almond 7" Ltd Edition Vinyl". Classic Pop Magazine. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
- ↑ Mark Fisher (18 July 2011). "Marc Almond: From bedsit to plague pit". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
- ↑ Simon Price (17 February 2015). "Let's Talk About Death: Marc Almond Interview". The Quietus. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
- ↑ "Marc Almond News". marcalmond.co.uk. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ↑ Lovegrove, Ben (13 February 2013). "I'm interested only in a language of the future". The Glass Magazine. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ↑ http://drownedinsound.com/in_depth/4150538-all-a-boy-could-give--dis-meets-marc-almond
- ↑ "The dramatic world of Marc Almond". Entertainment.timesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
- ↑ Almond, M., Tainted Life – the autobiography, Sidgwick and Jackson, 1999, p122
- ↑ "Marilyn Manson and 10 Famous Members of the Church of Satan". Revolver. July 15, 2014. Retrieved 2016-05-19.
External links
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