Mai-Mai Kata Katanga
| Mai-Mai Kata Katanga Maï-Maï Kata Katanga (French) | |
|---|---|
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The flag of the State of Katanga (1960-63) has been used by Kata Katanga | |
| Leader(s) | Gédéon Kyungu Mutanga |
| Dates of operation | 2011–2016 |
| Active region(s) | Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| Ideology | Katangese independence |
| Size | 3,000 men (2013 est.) |
Mai-Mai Kata Katanga, also called Mai-Mai Bakata Katanga,[1] is a Mai-Mai rebel group in the Democratic Republic of the Congo that supports the secession of Katanga Province.[2] It was formed in 2011 after Gédéon Kyungu Mutanga, the group's leader, escaped from prison in September.[2] "Kata Katanga" means "secede Katanga" in Swahili.[2] It has been estimated that, at its height in 2013, the Kata Katanga rebels numbered approximately 3,000 of whom most were based in Mitwaba Territory. It is a participant in the ongoing Katanga insurgency.[3]
Kata Katanga's most significant operation occurred on 23 March 2013 when 200 rebels entered Lubumbashi, the provincial capital of Katanga and the Congo's second city, carrying the flag of the former secessionist state of Katanga (1960-63).[4][5] At least 35 people died before the rebels surrendered to the UN.[5] As a result of the conflict, nearly 400,000 people from Katanga live in camps as internally displaced persons.[2]
In August 2013, the UN mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, MONUSCO, rescued 82 children, some as young as eight, who had been forcibly recruited to the militia as child soldiers.[6] MONUSCO states a total of 163, including 22 girls, have been freed since the beginning of the year.[6] The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs said that the humanitarian effects have spread to half of Katanga's 22 territories.[5]
Kata Katanga violence declined after 2013 and, in 2015, Kyungu announced that he would create a political party to stand in the anticipated elections.[7] In October 2016, Kyungu himself and several hundred rebels surrendered their weapons in a ceremony in Lubumbashi.[8]
See also
- Congo Crisis (1960-1965), during which Katanga seceded from the Congo
- Front for Congolese National Liberation (FLNC), exiled Katangese militia active in the 1970s
References
- ↑ "82 child soldiers rescued in southeastern Congo, UN says". presstv.com. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 "Katanga: Fighting for DR Congo's cash cow to secede". bbcnews.com. 11 August 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
- ↑ Rigaud, Christophe. "RDC : les Kata Katanga « en veilleuse » ?". Afrikarabia. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
- ↑ Kennes & Larmer 2016, p. 203.
- 1 2 3 "Congo Rebel Attack in Katanga Province Leaves 35 Dead, UN Says". bloomberg.com. 24 March 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- 1 2 "DR Congo unrest: Children freed from militia, says UN". bbcnews.com. 16 August 2013. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
- ↑ Kennes & Larmer 2016, p. 187.
- ↑ "Haut Katanga : le chef de guerre Kyungu Gédéon se rend aux autorités provinciales". Radio Okapi. 11 October 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
Bibliography
- Kennes, Eric; Larmer, Miles (2016). The Katangese Gendarmes and War in Central Africa: Fighting Their Way Home. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253021304.