Madonna Thunder Hawk

Madonna Thunder Hawk, born Madonna Gilbert, is the name of a Native American civil rights activist who is best known for her roles as a leader in the American Indian Movement (AIM), a co-founder of the American Indian organization Women of All Red Nations as well as the organizer and tribal liaison of the Lakota Law Project.^[5]

Early life

Born in 1940 as Madonna Gilbert, Thunder Hawk was born on the Yankton Sioux Reservation. She hailed from the Feather Necklace Tiospaye (extended family).^[6] Madonna was raised in a strict environment by her mother, who had been raised in the culturally restrictive environment within the boarding schools of the 1920s and 1930s.^[1] She is apart of the Oohenumpa band of the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe.^[3] During her lifetime, Gilbert graduated with her bachelor's degree in human services.^[7]

Activism

Madonna was an early proponent of the Red Power Movement. She took part in the 1969-1971 Occupation of Alcatraz,^[8] with the goal of persuading the federal government to end its policy of termination and adopt an official policy of Indian self-determination.^[9]

Madonna took part in the American Indian Movement occupation of the Wounded Knee. She was a member of the Pie Patrol, a group of women active in AIM, consisting of Madonna Gilbert, Thelma Rios, Theda Nelson Clarke,^[10] and Lorelei DeCora Means.^[8] Mary Crow Dog (née Moore), wife of civil rights activist Leonard Crow Dog, who was also present during the siege at Wounded Knee, referred to the Pie Patrol as "loud-mouth city women, media conscious and hugging the limelight," who loved the camera and took credit for what the women of AIM were doing behind the scenes. This group of women bore particular resentment against an individual by the name of Anna Mae Pictou Aquash.^[11] Anna Mae, a MikMaq woman from Nova Scotia, was having an affair with Dennis Banks, founder of the American Indian Movement while he was still involved in a common-law marriage with Darlene “Kamook” Nichols.^[12] The affair did not sit well with the women of different tribal affiliations within the movement, and these women (as well as the Pie Patrol) viewed the relationship as a threat to AIM’s stability.^[11]

Madonna Gilbert also served as director of the Wounded Knee Legal Defense Offense Committee (WKLDOC) in December 1975.^[10] She was also participant in the interrogation of Annie Mae, where she slapped Annie Mae around.^[13][14]

Various sources have placed Madonna in the lone medical facility operated by AIM during the 20th-century Wounded Knee Siege when Ray Robinson was brought into the facility.^[13] One account details how Robinson was shot in the knee, dragged outside, beaten and taken to the Wounded Knee Medical Clinic ran by Madonna Gilbert Thunderhawk and Lorelei DeCora Means, as well as several other volunteer nurses and medics. Ray was then reportedly shoved into a closet, where he died of exsanguination.^[15]

Madonna, along with Lorelei De Cora, founded and established, the 'We Will Remember Survival School,' a place where American Indian youth whose parents were facing federal charges or who had dropped out of the secondary education system.^[3] Specifically, the school was founded for the children of participants who were defendants in the Wounded Knee trials which followed the American Indian Movement occupation of the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. This alternative model was a component of the National Federation of Native-Controlled Survival Schools that was established during the movement.

Thunder Hawk was a co-founder and spokesperson for the Black Hills Alliance. The Black Hills Alliance was responsible for preventing the Union Carbide corporation from mining uranium on sacred Lakota land.^[3] Thunder Hawk fought to preserve the land in sacred Black Hills from developers wishing to raze the area, and conducted analyses on the water supplies on the Pine Ridge Indian Resrvation, proving there were dangerously high levels of radiation in the water supply. The result of her activism was the implementation of a new water system.^[7]

Madonna also one of the original co-founders of The Lakota Peoples Law Project (LPLP), whose main objectives are geared at more vigilant federal enforcement, as well as the reform of The Indian Children Welfare Act (ICWA) so that American Indian children continue living with their families, or at least on the reservation.^[16]

Filmography

Legacy

Madonna has also been mentioned in numerous publications, including Blood on the Border: A Memoir of the Contra War, authored by Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, ETHNOGRAPHIES OF CONSERVATION: Environmentalism and the Distribution of Privilege, edited by David G. Anderson and Eeva Berglund, We Worry about Survival: American Indian Women, Sovereignty, and the Right to Bear and Raise Children in the 1970s, authored by Meg Devlin O'Sullivan, Timelines of American Women's History, authored by Sue Heinemann and American Nations: Encounters in Indian Country, 1850 to the Present, edited by Frederick Hoxie, Peter Mancall and James Merrell.

See also

• American Indian Movement
• Wounded Knee Incident
• Anna Mae Pictou Aquash
• Ray Robinson
• Women of All Red Nations

References

External links

• Madonna Thunder Hawk at the Internet Movie Database
• Madonna Thunder Hawk on Twitter
  
• Lakota Law People Project