Luna 12
 Luna 12 | |
| Mission type | Lunar orbiter |
|---|---|
| COSPAR ID | 1966-094A |
| Mission duration | 89 days |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft type | E-6LF |
| Manufacturer | GSMZ Lavochkin |
| Launch mass | 1,620 kilograms (3,570 lb) |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 22 October 1966, 08:38:00 UTC |
| Rocket | Molniya-M 8K78M |
| Launch site | Baikonur 31/6 |
| End of mission | |
| Last contact | 19 January 1967 |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Selenocentric |
| Semi-major axis | 2,404.5 kilometres (1,494.1 mi) |
| Eccentricity | 0.31 |
| Periselene | 1,871 kilometres (1,163 mi) |
| Aposelene | 2,938 kilometres (1,826 mi) |
| Inclination | 10 degrees |
| Period | 205 minutes |
| Lunar orbiter | |
| Orbital insertion | 25 October 1966, 20:45 UTC |
| Orbits | 602 |
Luna 12 (E-6LF series) was an unmanned space mission of the Luna program, also called Lunik 12.
Luna 12 was launched towards the Moon from an Earth-orbiting platform and achieved lunar orbit on October 25, 1966. The spacecraft was equipped with a television system that obtained and transmitted photographs of the lunar surface. The photographs contained 1100 scan lines with a maximum resolution of 14.9-19.8 m. Pictures of the lunar surface were returned on October 27, 1966. The number of photographs is not known. Radio transmissions from Luna 12 ceased on January 19, 1967, after 602 lunar orbits and 302 radio transmissions.
Luna 12 was launched to complete the mission that Luna 11 had failed to accomplish—take high-resolution photos of the Moon’s surface from lunar orbit. Luna 12 reached the Moon on 25 October 1966 and entered a 133 x 1,200-kilometer orbit. The Soviet press released the first photos taken of the surface on 29 October—pictures that showed the Sea of Rains and the Aristarchus crater. Resolution was as high as 15 to 20 meters. Film was developed, fixed, dried automatically, and scanned for transmission to Earth. No further photos were ever released. After completing its main imaging mission, Luna 12 was put into a spin-stabilized roll to carry out its scientific mission, which was fulfilled quite successfully.
| Preceded by Luna 11 |
Luna programme | Succeeded by Luna 13 |