List of scientific publications by Albert Einstein

A yellowed piece of paper with two main paragraphs of black, handwritten text and some marginalia, strikethroughs, and underlines

First page from Einstein's manuscript explaining general relativity.

Albert Einstein (1879–1955) was a renowned theoretical physicist of the 20th century, best known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He also made important contributions to statistical mechanics, especially his treatment of Brownian motion, his resolution of the paradox of specific heats, and his connection of fluctuations and dissipation. Despite his reservations about its interpretation, Einstein also made seminal contributions to quantum mechanics and, indirectly, quantum field theory, primarily through his theoretical studies of the photon.^[1]

Einstein's scientific publications are listed below in four tables: journal articles, book chapters, books and authorized translations. Each publication is indexed in the first column by its number in the Schilpp bibliography (Albert Einstein: Philosopher–Scientist, pp. 694–730) and by its article number in Einstein's Collected Papers. Complete references for these two bibliographies may be found below in the Bibliography section. The Schilpp numbers are used for cross-referencing in the Notes (the final column of each table), since they cover a greater time period of Einstein's life at present. The English translations of titles are generally taken from the published volumes of the Collected Papers. For some publications, however, such official translations are not available; unofficial translations are indicated with a ^§ superscript. Although the tables are presented in chronological order by default, each table can be re-arranged in alphabetical order for any column by the reader clicking on the arrows at the top of that column. For illustration, to re-order a table by subject—e.g., to group together articles that pertain to "General relativity" or "Specific heats"—one need only click on the arrows in the "Classification and Notes" columns. To print out the re-sorted table, one may print it directly by using the web-browser Print option; the "Printable version" link at the left gives only the default sorting. Collaborative works by Einstein are highlighted in lavender, with the co-author(s) provided in the final column of the table.

Einstein's many non-scientific works are not included here, to limit both the article's focus and size. The division of scientific and non-scientific works follows the Schilpp bibliography, which cites over 130 non-scientific works, often on humanitarian or political topics (pp. 730–746). Five volumes of Einstein's Collected Papers (volumes 1, 5, 8–10) are devoted to his correspondence, much of which is concerned with scientific questions. These letters are likewise not listed here, since they were not prepared for publication.

Chronology and major themes

A black-and-white photograph of a man standing in front of a chaulk board, holding a piece of chaulk in his right hand, and resting his left hand on a table

Einstein in 1921.

The following station of Einstein's scientific discoveries provides a context for the publications listed below, and clarifies the major themes running through his work. The first four entries come from his Annus Mirabilis papers or miracle year papers.

In 1905, Einstein proposed the existence of the photon, an elementary particle associated with electromagnetic radiation (light), which was the foundation of quantum theory.^[2] In 1909, Einstein showed that the photon carries momentum as well as energy and that electromagnetic radiation must have both particle-like and wave-like properties if Planck's law holds; this was a forerunner of the principle of wave–particle duality.^[3] He would go on to receive the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for this work.
Likewise in 1905, Einstein developed a theory of Brownian motion in terms of fluctuations in the number of molecular collisions with an object,^[4] providing further evidence that matter was composed of atoms. A few weeks earlier, he had derived the Einstein relation for diffusion, which was the first example of the general fluctuation-dissipation theorem and allowed a good estimate of the Avogadro constant.^[5]
Additionally In 1905, Einstein developed the theory of special relativity, which reconciled the relativity of motion with the observed constancy of the speed of light (a paradox of 19th-century physics).^[6] Special relativity is now a core principle of physics. Its counterintuitive predictions that moving clocks run more slowly, that moving objects are shortened in their direction of motion, and that the order of events is not absolute have been confirmed experimentally.
Also in 1905, Einstein developed his concept of Mass–energy equivalence. Its relation E=mc² suggested that matter was a form of energy, which was later verified by the mass defect in atomic nuclei. The energy released in nuclear reactions—which is essential for nuclear power and nuclear weapons—can be estimated from such mass defects.^[7]
In 1907 and again in 1911, Einstein developed the first quantum theory of specific heats by generalizing Planck's law.^[8] His theory resolved a paradox of 19th-century physics that specific heats were often smaller than could be explained by any classical theory. His work was also the first to show that Planck's quantum mechanical law E=hν was a fundamental law of physics, and not merely special to blackbody radiation.^[9]
Between 1907 and 1915, Einstein developed the theory of general relativity, a classical field theory of gravitation that provides the cornerstone for modern astrophysics and cosmology.^[10] General relativity is based on the surprising idea that time and space dynamically interact with matter and energy, and has been checked experimentally in many ways,^[11] confirming its predictions of matter affecting the flow of time,^[12] frame dragging,^[13] black holes,^[14] and gravitational waves.^[15]

In 1917, Einstein published the idea for the Einstein–Brillouin–Keller method for finding the quantum mechanical version of a classical system.^[16] The famous Bohr model of the hydrogen atom is a simple example, but the EBK method also gives accurate predictions for more complicated systems, such as the dinuclear cations H₂⁺ and HeH²⁺.^[17]
In 1918, Einstein developed a general theory of the process by which atoms emit and absorb electromagnetic radiation (his A and B coefficients), which is the basis of lasers (stimulated emission) and shaped the development of modern quantum electrodynamics, the best-validated physical theory at present.^[18]
In 1924, together with Satyendra Nath Bose, Einstein developed the theory of Bose–Einstein statistics and Bose–Einstein condensates, which form the basis for superfluidity, superconductivity, and other phenomena.^[19]
In 1935, together with Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, Einstein put forward what is now known as the EPR paradox, and argued that the quantum-mechanical wave function must be an incomplete description of the physical world.^[20]
In the final thirty years of his life, Einstein explored whether various classical unified field theories could account for both electromagnetism and gravitation and, possibly, quantum mechanics. However, his efforts were unsuccessful, since those theories did not match experimental observations.^[21]

Journal articles

Most of Einstein's original scientific work appeared as journal articles. Articles on which Einstein collaborated with other scientists are highlighted in lavender, with the co-author(s) listed in the "Classification and notes" column.

Index^{[notes 1]}

Year

Title and English translation^{[notes 2]}

Journal, volume, pages^{[notes 3]}

Classification and notes^{[notes 4]}

Schilpp 1; CP 2, 1

1901

Folgerungen aus den Kapillaritätserscheinungen

Conclusions Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 4, 513–523, link

Intermolecular forces.^[22] The first of two papers in which Einstein proposed the (incorrect) theory that the interactions between all molecules are a universal function of distance, in analogy with the inverse-square force of gravity. Once parameterized, his theory makes reasonably accurate predictions for heavier hydrophobic molecules, but fails for lighter molecules.

Schilpp 2; CP 2, 2

1902

Thermodynamische Theorie der Potentialdifferenz zwischen Metallen und vollständig dissoziierten Lösungen ihrer Salze, und eine elektrische Methode zur Erforschung der Molekularkräfte

On the Thermodynamic Theory of the Difference in Potentials between Metals and Fully Dissociated Solutions of Their Salts and on an Electrical Method for Investigating Molecular Forces

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 8, 798–814, link

Intermolecular forces.^[23] Einstein's second paper on a universal molecular energy function, this time applied to electrolytic solutions. No data are available for comparison. Einstein characterizes these two papers as "worthless" in 1907.^[24]

Schilpp 3; CP 2, 3

1902

Kinetische Theorie des Wärmegleichgewichtes und des zweiten Hauptsatzes der Thermodynamik

Kinetic Theory of Thermal Equilibrium and of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 9, 417–433, link

Statistical mechanics.^[25] Study of the equipartition theorem and the definitions of temperature and entropy.

Schilpp 4; CP 2, 4

1903

Eine Theorie der Grundlagen der Thermodynamik

A Theory of the Foundations of Thermodynamics

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 11, 170–187, link

Statistical mechanics.^[26] The problem of irreversibility in thermodynamics.

Schilpp 5; CP 2, 5

1904

Allgemeine molekulare Theorie der Wärme

On the General Molecular Theory of Heat

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 14, 354–362, link

Statistical mechanics.^[27] Fluctuations and new methods for determining Boltzmann's constant.

CP 2, 6

1905

Review of Giuseppe Belluzzo: "Principi di termodinamica grafica"

Review of Giuseppe Belluzzo: "Principles of Graphic Thermodynamics"

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 29, 78

Thermodynamics.

CP 2, 7

1905

Review of Albert Fliegner: "Über den Clausius'schen Entropiesatz"

Review of Albert Fliegner: "On Clausius's Law of Entropy"

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 29, 79

Thermodynamics.

CP 2, 8

1905

Review of William McFadden Orr: "On Clausius' Theorem for Irreversible Cycles, and on the Increase of Entropy"

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 29, 79

Thermodynamics.

CP 2, 9

1905

Review of George Hartley Bryan: "The Law of Degradation of Energy as the Fundamental Principle of Thermodynamics"

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 29, 80

Thermodynamics.

<m/span>CP 2, 10

1905

Review of Nikolay Nikolayevich Schiller: "Einige Bedenken betreffend die Theorie der Entropievermehrung durch Diffusion der Gase bei einander gleichen Anfangsspannungen der letzteren"

Review of Nikolay Nikolayevich Schiller: "Some Concerns Regarding the Theory of Entropy Increase Due to the Diffusion of Gases Where the Initial Pressures of the Latter Are Equal"

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 29, 81

Thermodynamics.

CP 2, 11

1905

Review of Jakob Johann Weyrauch: "Über die spezifischen Wärmen des überhitzten Wasserdampfes"

Review of Jakob Johann Weyrauch: "On the specific Heats of Superheated Water Vapor"

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 29, 82

Thermodynamics.

CP 2, 12

1905

Review of Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff: "Einfluss der Änderung der spezifischen Wärme auf die Umwandlungsarbeit"

Review of Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff: "The Influence of the Change in Specific Heat on the Work of Conversion"

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 29, 82

Thermodynamics.

CP 2, 13

1905

Review of Arturo Giammarco: "Un caso di corrispondenza in termodinamica"

Review of Arturo Giammarco: "A Case of Corresponding States in Thermodynamics"

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 29, 84

Thermodynamics.

Schilpp 7; CP 2, 14

1905

Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt

On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 17, 132–148, link

Photons.^[28] Proposal of the photon as a quantum of energy, supported by many independent arguments.

Schilpp 8; CP 2, 16

1905

Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen

On the Movement of Small Particles Suspended in Stationary Liquids Required by the Molecular-Kinetic Theory of Heat

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 17, 549–560, link

Statistical mechanics.^[29] Seminal treatment of Brownian motion, a type of translational diffusion.

CP 2, 17

1905

Review of Karl Fredrik Slotte: "Über die Schmelzwärme"

Review of Karl Fredrik Slotte: "On the Heat of Fusion"

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 29, 135

Thermodynamics.

CP 2, 18

1905

Review of Karl Fredrik Slotte: "Folgerungen aus einer thermodynamischen Gleichung"

Review of Karl Fredrik Slotte: "Conclusions Drawn from a Thermodynamic Equation"

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 29, 135

Thermodynamics.

CP 2, 19

1905

Review of Emile Mathias: "La constante a des diamètres rectilignes et les lois des états correspondents"

Review of Emile Mathias: "The Constant a of Rectilinear Diameters and the Laws of Corresponding States"

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 29, 136

Thermodynamics.

CP 2, 20

1905

Review of Max Planck: "On Clausius' Theorem for Irreversible Cycles, and on the Increase of Entropy"

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 29, 29 (1905) 137

Thermodynamics.

CP 2, 21

1905

Review of Edgar Buckingham: "On Certain Difficulties Which Are Encountered in the Study of Thermodynamics"

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 29, 137

Thermodynamics.

CP 2, 22

1905

Review of Paul Langevin: "Sur une formule fondamentale de la théorie cinétique"

Review of Paul Langevin: "On a Fundamental Formula of the Kinetic Theory"

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 29, 138

Thermodynamics.

Schilpp 9; CP 2, 23

1905

Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper

On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 17, 891–921, link, Wikilivres

Special relativity.^[30] This seminal paper gave birth to special relativity (SR). In particular, it stated the two postulates of SR (uniform motion is undetectable, and the speed of light is always constant) and its kinematics.

Schilpp 10; CP 2, 24

1905

Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?

Does the Inertia of a Body Depend upon its Energy Content?

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 18, 639–641, link

Special relativity.^[31] This paper derived the conclusion that mass was equivalent to an energy and vice versa, leading to the famous equation E=mc².

CP 2, 25

1905

Review of Heinrich Birven: Grundzüge der mechanischen Wärmetheorie

Review of Heinrich Birven: Fundamentals of the Mechanical Theory of Heat

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 29, 175

Thermodynamics.

CP 2, 26

1905

Review of Auguste Ponsot: "Chaleur dans le déplacement de 1'équilibre d'un système capillaire"

Review of Auguste Ponsot: "Heat in the Displacement of the Equilibrium of a Capillary System"

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 29, 175

Thermodynamics.

CP 2, 27

1905

Review of Karl Bohlin: "Sur le choc, considéré comme fondement des théories cinétiques de la pression des gaz et de la gravitation universelle"

Review of Karl Bohlin: "On Impact Considered as the Basis of Kinetic Theories of Gas Pressure and of Universal Gravitation"

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 29, 176

Thermodynamics.

CP 2, 28

1905

Review of Georges Meslin: "Sur la constante de la loi de Mariotte et GayLussac"

Review of Georges Meslin: "On the Constant in Mariotte and GayLussac's Law"

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 29, 177

Thermodynamics.

CP 2, 29

1905

Review of Albert Fliegner: "Das Ausströmen heissen Wassers aus Gefässmündungen"

Review of Albert Fliegner: "The Efflux of Hot Water from Container Orifices

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 29, 177

Thermodynamics.

CP 2, 30

1905

Review of Jakob Johann Weyrauch: Grundriss der Wärmetheorie. Mit zahlreichen Beispielen und Anwendungen

Review of Jakob Johann Weyrauch: "An Outline of the Theory of Heat. With Numerous Examples and Applications. Part 1

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 29, 178

Thermodynamics.

CP 2, 31

1905

Review of Albert Fliegner: "Über den Wärmewert chemischer Vorgänge"

Review of Albert Fliegner: "On the Thermal Value of Chemical Processes"

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 29, 179

Thermodynamics.

Schilpp 11; CP 2, 33

1906

Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen

A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 19, 289–306, link

Statistical mechanics.^[32] Hydrodynamic determination of molecular volumes.

Schilpp 12; CP 2, 32

1906

Zur Theorie der Brownschen Bewegung

On the Theory of Brownian Motion

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 19, 371–381, link

Statistical mechanics.^[33] Rotational Brownian motion, an example of rotational diffusion.

Schilpp 13; CP 2, 34

1906

Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtabsorption

On the Theory of Light Production and Light Absorption

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 20, 199–206, link

Photons.^[34] Einstein reconciles his and Planck's independent derivations of the blackbody formula E=hν. Planck's derivation of this formula ascribed it to a restriction on the energy changes possible when radiation is produced or absorbed by matter, which implied no restriction on the energies of either matter or radiation. Einstein's 1905 derivation ascribed it to a restriction on the energy of radiation alone, but in this paper, he proposes the modern idea that the energies of both matter and radiation are quantized, which led to his work on quantum specific heats, such as reference #16.

Schilpp 14; CP 2, 35

1906

Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunktsbewegung und die Trägheit der Energie

The Principle of Conservation of Motion of the Center of Gravity and the Inertia of Energy

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 20, 627–633, link

Special relativity.^[35] First statement that the conservation of mass is a special case of the conservation of energy.

Schilpp 15; CP 2, 36

1906

Eine Methode zur Bestimmung des Verhältnisses der transversalen und longitudinalen Masse des Elektrons

On a Method for the Determination of the Ratio of the Transverse and the Longitudinal Mass of the Electron

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 21, 583–586, link

Special relativity.^[36] A French translation appeared in the journal L'Éclairage électrique, volume 49, pages 493–494.

CP 2, 37

1906

Review of Max Planck: Vorlesungen über die Theorie der Wärmestrahlung

Review of Max Planck: Lectures on the Theory of Thermal Radiation

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 30, 211

Statistical mechanics.

Schilpp 16; CP 2, 38

1907

Plancksche Theorie der Strahlung und die Theorie der Spezifischen Wärme

Planck's Theory of Radiation and the Theory of Specific Heat

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 22, 180–190, 800 link and correction

Specific heats.^[37] Seminal work applying Planck's law to the oscillations of atoms and molecules in solids. Resolved the 19th-century paradox of the equipartition theorem in classical physics, and introduced the Einstein model of solids, which led to the current Debye model. Showed that the quantum mechanical law E=hν was a general law of physics, and not merely special to blackbody radiation.

Schilpp 17; CP 2, 39

1907

Gültigkeit des Satzes vom thermodynamischen Gleichgewicht und die Möglichkeit einer neuen Bestimmung der Elementarquanta

On the Limit of Validity of the Law of Thermodynamic Equilibrium and on the Possibility of a New Determination of the Elementary Quanta

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 22, 569–572, link

Statistical mechanics.^[38] Applies his theory of fluctuations to determine Boltzmann's constant from the voltage fluctuations in a capacitor. Resulted in a novel low-noise technique for amplifying voltages, as described in reference #25.

Schilpp 18; CP 2, 41

1907

Möglichkeit einer neuen Prüfung des Relativitätsprinzips

On the Possibility of a New Test of the Relativity Principle

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 23, 197–198, link

Special relativity.^[39] Einstein's discovery of the transverse Doppler effect, in which the perceived frequency is shifted even when the line between the wave source and receiver and the source's velocity are perpendicular.

Schilpp 19

1907

Bemerkung zur Notiz des Herrn P. Ehrenfest: Translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flächensatz

Comments on the Note of Mr. Paul Ehrenfest: The Translatory Motion of Deformable Electrons and the Area Law

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 23, 206–208, link

Special relativity.^[40] Discusses the difficulty of applying Lorentz transformations to rigid bodies.

Schilpp 20; CP 2, 45

1907

Die vom Relativätsprinzip geforderte Trägheit der Energie

On the Inertia of Energy Required by the Relativity Principle

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 23, 371–384, link

Special relativity.^[41] First statement that the total energy of a particle in rest equals E=mc². Derives the transformation of energy and momentum under the influence of external forces (relativistic dynamics). Notes again the difficulty of applying Lorentz transformations to rigid bodies (see reference #19). Finally, speculates that Maxwell's equations will prove to be the limiting case for large numbers of light-quanta, just as thermodynamics is a limiting case of statistical mechanics.

CP 2, 46

1907

Review of Jakob Johann Weyrauch: Grundriss der Wärmetheorie. Mit zahlreichen Beispielen und Anwendungen

Review of Jakob Johann Weyrauch: An Outline of the Theory of Heat. With Numerous Examples and Applications. Part 2.

Beiblätter zu den Annalen der Physik, 31, 251

Thermodynamics.

Schilpp 21; CP 2, 47

1907

Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogenen Folgerungen

On the Relativity Principle and the Conclusions Drawn from It

Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität, 4, 411–462, link

Special and general relativity.^[42] A correction appeared in volume 5, pp. 98–99, Berichtigungen. First appearance (page 443) of the equation E=mc². This paper also marks the beginning of Einstein's long development of general relativity; here he derives the equivalence principle, gravitational redshift, and the gravitational bending of light. Einstein returns to these topics in 1911.

Schilpp 22; CP 2, 40

1907

Theoretische Bemerkungen über die Brownsche Bewegung

Theoretical Remarks on Brownian Motion

Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie und angewandte physikalische Chemie, 13, 41–42

Statistical mechanics.^[43] Brief note on the technical meaning of "average velocity".

Schilpp 23; CP 2, 51

1908

Elektromagnetische Grundgleichungen für bewegte Körper

On the Fundamental Electromagnetic Equations for Moving Bodies

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 26, 532–540, link

Special relativity.^[44] Co-authored with J. Laub. A correction appeared in volume 27, p.232, Berichtigungen. See also publication #27.

Schilpp 24; CP 2, 52

1908

Die im elektromagnetischen Felde auf ruhende Körper ausgeübten ponderomotorischen Kräfte

On the Ponderomotive Forces Exerted on Bodies at Rest in the Electromagnetic Field

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 26, 541–550, link

Special relativity.^[45] Co-authored with J. Laub.

Schilpp 25; CP 2, 48

1908

Neue elektrostatische Methode zur Messung kleiner Elektrizitätsmengen

A New Electrostatic Method for the Measurement of Small Quantities of Electricity

Physikalische Zeitschrift, 9, 216–217

Electromagnetism.^[46] Novel experimental method for measuring tiny amounts of charge, by first charging a variable capacitor at low capacitance, then changing it to high capacitance and discharging it to another capacitor. An apparatus for this amplification was constructed by two brothers, Johann Conrad Habicht and Franz Paul Habicht, in collaboration with Einstein and published in Physikalische Zeitschrift, 11, 532 (1910).

Schilpp 26; CP 2, 50

1908

Elementare Theorie der Brownschen Bewegung

Elementary Theory of Brownian Motion

Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie, 14, 235–239

Statistical mechanics.^[47] Semi-popular review.

Schilpp 27; CP 2, 54

1909

Bemerkungen zu unserer Arbeit: Elektromagnetische Grundgleichungen für bewegte Körper

Remarks on Our Paper: On the Fundamental Electromagnetic Equations for Moving Bodies

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 28, 445–447, link

Special relativity.^[44] Co-authored with J. Laub.

Schilpp 28; CP 2, 55

1909

Bemerkung zur Arbeit von Mirimanoff: Die Grundgleichungen...

Comment on the Paper of D. Mirimanoff: On the Fundamental Equations...

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 28, 885–888, link

Special relativity.^[48] Notes similarity to Hermann Minkowski's work.

Schilpp 29; CP 2, 56

1909

Zum gegenwärtigen Stande des Strahlungsproblems

On the Present Status of the Radiation Problem

Physikalische Zeitschrift, 10, 185–193

Photons.^[49] Review article on electromagnetic radiation, and an important forerunner of publication #30.

Schilpp 29b; CP 2, 57

1909

No title

Physikalische Zeitschrift, 10, 323–324

Photons.^[50] Walther Ritz's joint communique with Einstein (co-author) on their differing viewpoints of the advanced and retarded solutions of Maxwell's equations. Einstein argues that the physical restriction to retarded solutions is not a law, but probabilistic; Ritz states that the same restriction is the basis of the 2nd law of thermodynamics.

Schilpp 30; CP 2, 60

1909

Entwicklung unserer Anschauungen über das Wesen und die Konstitution der Strahlung

On the Development of Our Views Concerning the Nature and Constitution of Radiation

Physikalische Zeitschrift, 10, 817–825

Photons.^[51] Pivotal address before the 81st assembly of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher, held in Salzburg, where Einstein showed that photons must carry momentum and should be treated as particles. Notes that electromagnetic radiation must have a dual nature, at once both wave-like and particulate. Also published in the journal Deutsche physikalische Gesellschaft, Verhandlungen, 11, pp. 482–500. An English translation is available at the English Wikisource.

Schilpp 31; CP 3, 7

1910

Über einen Satz der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung und seine Anwendung in der Strahlungstheorie

On a Theorem of the Probability Calculus and Its Application in the Theory of Radiation

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 33, 1096–1104, link

Photons.^[52] Co-authored with L. Hopf. See also publication #79.

Schilpp 32; CP 3, 8

1910

Statistische Untersuchung der Bewegung eines Resonators in einem Strahlungsfeld

Statistical Investigation of a Resonator's Motion in a Radiation Field

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 33, 1105–1115, link

Photons.^[53] Co-authored with L. Hopf.

Schilpp 33; CP 3, 9

1910

Theorie der Opaleszenz von homogenen Flüssigkeiten und Flüssigkeitsgemischen in der Nähe des kritischen Zustandes

The Theory of the Opalescence of Homogeneous Fluids and Liquid Mixtures near the Critical State

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 33, 1275–1298, link

Statistical mechanics.^[54] Seminal paper on critical opalescence.

Schilpp 34; CP 3, 2

1910

Principe de relativité et ses conséquences dans la physique moderne

The Principle of Relativity and Its Consequences in Modern Physics

Archives des sciences physiques et naturelles (ser. 4), 29, 5–28, 125–244

Special relativity.^[55] Translation by E. Guillaume, but does not correspond to reference #21.

Schilpp 35; CP 3, 5

1910

Théorie des quantités lumineuses et la question de la localisation de l'énergie électromagnetique

On the Theory of Light Quanta and the Question of the Localization of Electromagnetic Energy

Archives des sciences physiques et naturelles (ser. 4), 29, 525–528

Photons.

Schilpp 36; CP 3, 6

1910

Forces pondéromotrices qui agissent sur les conducteurs ferromagnétiques disposés dans un champs magnétique et parcourus par un courant

On the Ponderomotive Forces Acting on Ferromagnetic Conductors Carrying a Current in a Magnetic Field

Archives des sciences physiques et naturelles (ser. 4), 30, 323–324

Electromagnetism.^[56]

Schilpp 37; CP 3, 12

1911

Bemerkung zu dem Gesetz von Eötvös

Comment on Eötvös's Law

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 34, 165–169, link

Intermolecular forces and fluid mechanics.^[57]

Schilpp 38; CP 3, 13

1911

Beziehung zwischen dem elastischen Verhalten und der Spezifischen Wärme mit einatomigem Molekül

A Relationship between Elastic Behavior and Specific Heat in Solids with a Monatomic Molecule

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 34, 170–174, link

Specific heats.^[58] Einstein tries to connect a characteristic frequency in his 1907 theory of specific heats to the elastic properties of the solid. See also Bemerkung zu meiner Arbeit: 'Eine Beziehung zwischen dem elastischen Verhalten ...'", p. 590.

Schilpp 39; CP 3, 10

1911

Bemerkungen zu den P. Hertzschen Arbeiten: Mechanische Grundlagen der Thermodynamik

Comments on P. Hertz's Papers: On the Mechanical Foundations of Thermodynamics

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 34, 175–176, link

Statistical mechanics.^[59]

Schilpp 40; CP 3, 14

1911

Berichtigung zu meiner Arbeit: Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen

Correction to My Paper: A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 34, 591–592, link

Statistical mechanics.^[60] Correction to publication #11 that produces an excellent estimate of the Avogadro constant.^[61]

Schilpp 41; CP 3, 21

1911

Elementare Betrachtungen über die thermische Molekularbewegung in festen Körpern

Elementary Observations on Thermal Molecular Motion in Solids

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 35, 679–694, link

Specific heats.^[62] Recognizing that his 1907 model of specific heats is incorrect at very low temperatures, Einstein tries to improve it. The correct answer came a year later with the Debye model.

Schilpp 42; CP 3, 23

1911

Einfluss der Schwerkraft auf die Ausbreitung des Lichtes

On the Influence of Gravitation on the Propagation of Light

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 35, 898–908, link

General relativity.^[63] In this paper, Einstein resumes his development of general relativity, last discussed in 1907. Here, Einstein realizes that a new theory is needed to replace both special relativity and Newton's theory of gravitation. He also realizes that special relativity and the equivalence principle hold locally, not globally.

Schilpp 43; CP 3, 17

1911

Relativitätstheorie

The Theory of Relativity

Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Zürich, Vierteljahresschrift, 56, 1–14

Special and (possibly) general relativity.^[64] An address given at the conference of the Zurich Society of Scientists.

Schilpp 44; CP 3, 22

1911

Zum Ehrenfestschen Paradoxon

On the Ehrenfest Paradox

Physikalische Zeitschrift, 12, 509–510

Special relativity.^[65] Clears up confusion about the Lorentz contraction.

Schilpp 45; CP 4, 2 and 5

1912

Thermodynamische Begründung des photochemischen Äquivalentgesetzes

Thermodynamic Proof of the Law of Photochemical Equivalence

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 37, 832–838, link

Statistical mechanics.^[66] See also volume 38, pp. 881–884, Nachtrag zu meiner Arbeit: 'Thermodynamische Begründung des photochemischen Äquivalentgesetzes'

Schilpp 46; CP 4, 3

1912

Lichtgeschwindigkeit und Statik des Gravitationsfeldes

The Speed of Light and the Statics of the Gravitational Field

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 38, 355–369, link

General relativity.^[67] First of two papers (see next entry for second) in the continuing development of general relativity (see reference #42). These two papers are the last in which Einstein allows time to be warped while keeping space flat (uncurved). In these papers, he realizes that the Lorentz transformations of special relativity must be generalized and that the new theory of gravitation must be non-linear, since gravitational energy can itself gravitate.^[68]

Schilpp 47; CP 4, 4

1912

Theorie des statischen Gravitationsfeldes

On the Theory of the Static Gravitational Field

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 38, 443–458, link

General relativity.^[69] Second of two papers (see previous entry for first) in the continuing development of general relativity.

Schilpp 48; CP 4, 6

1912

Antwort auf eine Bemerkung von J. Stark: Anwendung des Planckschen Elementargesetzes

Response to a Comment by J. Stark: 'On an Application of Planck's Fundamental Law...

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 38, 888, link

Photons.^[70]

Schilpp 49; CP 4, 8

1912

Relativität und Gravitation: Erwiderung auf eine Bemerkung von M. Abraham

Relativity and Gravitation. Reply to a Comment by M. Abraham

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 38, 1059–1064, link

General relativity.^[71]

Schilpp 50; CP 4, 9

1912

Bemerkung zu Abraham's vorangehender Auseinandersetzung: Nochmals Relativität und Gravitation

Comment on Abraham's Preceding Discussion 'Once Again, Relativity and Gravitation

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 39, 704, link

General relativity.^[72]

Schilpp 52; CP 4, 7

1912

Gibt es eine Gravitationswirkung die der elektromagnetischen Induktionswirkung analog ist?

Is There a Gravitational Effect Which Is Analogous to Electrodynamic Induction?

Vierteljahrschrift für gerichtliche Medizin (ser. 3), 44, 37–40

General relativity.^[73]

Schilpp 53; CP 4, 13

1913

Entwurf einer verallgemeinerten Relativitätstheorie und eine Theorie der Gravitation. I. Physikalischer Teil von A. Einstein II. Mathematischer Teil von M. Grossmann

Outline of a Generalized Theory of Relativity and of a Theory of Gravitation. I. Physical Part by A. Einstein II. Mathematical Part by M. Grossmann

Zeitschrift für Mathematik und Physik, 62, 225–244, 245–261

General relativity.^[74] A breakthrough paper, written in collaboration with Marcel Grossmann, in which the single Newtonian scalar gravitational field is replaced by ten fields, which are the components of a symmetric, four-dimensional metric tensor. However, the correct equations describing these fields are not identified. Reviewed critically in reference #68. See also references #21, 42, 46 and 47.

Schilpp 54; CP 4, 11

1913

Einige Argumente für die Annahme einer molekular Agitation beim absoluten Nullpunkt

Some Arguments for the Assumption of Molecular Agitation at Absolute Zero

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 40, 551–560, link

Specific heats.^[75] Co-authored with O. Stern. Einstein and Stern attempt to explain the specific heats of diatomic gases, such as molecular hydrogen, H₂. Although qualitatively correct, they are quantitatively inaccurate.^[76]

Schilpp 55; CP 4, 12

1913

Déduction thermodynamique de la loi de l'équivalence photochimique

Thermodynamic Deduction of the Law of Photochemical Equivalence

Journal de physique (ser. 5), 3, 277–282

Statistical mechanics.^[77] Not a translation of reference #45, but rather an address before the Société Française de Physique, held on March 27, 1913.

Schilpp 56; CP 4, 16

1913

Physikalische Grundlagen einer Gravitationstheorie

Physical Foundations of a Theory of Gravitation

Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Zürich, Vierteljahrsschrift, 58, 284–290

General relativity.^[78] Address before the Swiss Society of Scientists on September 9, 1913. A résumé is printed in the Schweizerische naturforschende Gesellschaft, Verhandlungen, 1913 (part 2), pp. 137–138.

Schilpp 57; CP 4, 23

1913

Max Planck als Forscher

Max Planck as Scientist

Naturwissenschaften, 1, 1077–1079

History of physics.^[79]

Schilpp 58; CP 4, 17

1913

Zum gegenwärtigen Stande des Gravitationsproblems

On the Present State of the Problem of Gravitation

Physikalische Zeitschrift, 14, 1249–1266

General relativity.^[80] Address on September 21, 1913 to the 85th Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher in Vienna. The discussion following Einstein's address is included in this citation. This review was also published in the Gesellschaft deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte, Verhandlungen, 1914, pp. 3–24. A referat was also published in the journal Himmel und Erde, 26, pp. 90–93.

Schilpp 59; CP 4, 28

1914

Nordströmsche Gravitationstheorie vom Standpunkt des absoluten Differentialkalküls

Nordstöm's Theory of Gravitation from the Point of View of the Absolute Differential Calculus

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 44, 321–328, link

General relativity.^[81] Co-authored with A. D. Fokker. Shows that the competing field theory of Gunnar Nordström could be recast as a special case of the Einstein-Grossmann equations (see reference #53).

Schilpp 60

1914

Bases physiques d'une théorie de la gravitation

Physical Foundations of a Theory of Gravitation^§

Archives des sciences physiques et naturelles (ser. 4), 37, 5–12

General relativity.^[78] Translated by E. Guillaume.

Schilpp 61

1914

Bemerkung zu P. Harzers Abhandlung: Die Mitführung des Lichtes in Glas und die Aberration

Observation on P. Harzer's Article: Dragging of Light in Glass and Aberration^§

Astronomische Nachrichten, 199, 8–10, link

Electromagnetism and special relativity.^[82]

Schilpp 62

1914

Antwort auf eine Replik P. Harzers

Answer to P. Harzer's Reply^§

Astronomische Nachrichten, 199, 47–48, link

Electromagnetism and special relativity.^[82]

Schilpp 63

1914

Zum gegenwärtigen Stande des Problems der spezifischen Wärme

On the Present Status of the Problem of Specific Heats^§

Deutsche Bunsengesellschaft, Abhandlungen, 7, 330–364

Specific heats. German edition of reference #51; pages 353–364 include the discussion following Einstein's address.

Schilpp 64; CP 6, 5

1914

Beiträge zur Quantentheorie

Contributions to Quantum Theory^§

Deutsche physikalische Gesellschaft, Berichte, 1914, 820–828

Quantum mechanics.^[83] Reprinted in volume 16 of the Verhandlungen of the same society.

Schilpp 65; CP 4, 27

1914

Zur Theorie der Gravitation

On the Theory of Gravitation

Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Zürich, Vierteljahrsschrift, 59, 4–6

General relativity.^[84]

Schilpp 66

1914

Review of H. A. Lorentz: Das Relativitätsprinzip

Review of H. A. Lorentz: The Principle of Relativity^§

Naturwissenschaften, 2, 1018

Special and (possibly) general relativity.^[85]

Schilpp 67; CP 4, 24

1914

Nachträgliche Antwort auf eine Frage von Reissner

Supplementary Response to a Question by Mr. Reißner

Physikalische Zeitschrift, 15, 108–110

General relativity.^[86] Concerns the mass of a gravitational field itself.

Schilpp 68; CP 4, 25

1914

Principielles zur verallgemeinerten Relativitätstheorie und Gravitationstheorie

On the Foundations of the Generalized Theory of Relativity and the Theory of Gravitation

Physikalische Zeitschrift, 15, 176–180

General relativity.^[87] Reply to Gustav Mie on the relationship between reference #53 and Hermann Minkowski's work.

Schilpp 69; CP 6, 3

1914

Antrittsrede

Inaugural Address^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1914 (pt. 2), 739–742

General relativity.^[88]

Schilpp 70; CP 6, 9

1914

Formale Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie

Formal Foundations of the General Theory of Relativity^§

Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte, 1914 (part 2), 1030–1085

General relativity.^[89] An important paper in the development of general relativity. Einstein still has not derived correct field equations, but he derives the geodesic motion of point particles, relates gravitational fields to rotation, and re-derives his 1907 results about the bending of light and gravitational redshift using the new metric tensor theory.

Schilpp 71; CP 4, 31

1914

Zum Relativitätsproblem

On the Relativity Problem

Scientia (Bologna), 15, 337–348 link

Special and (possibly) general relativity.^[90]

Schilpp 72

1914

Physikalische Grundlagen und leitende Gedanken für eine Gravitationstheorie

Physical Foundations and Suggestive Thoughts for a Gravitational Theory^§

Verhandlungen der Schweizerischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 96 (pt. 2), 146

General relativity. Listed only by title; same lecture as publication #56.

Schilpp 73

1914

Gravitationstheorie

Gravitational Theory^§

Verhandlungen der Schweizerischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 96 (pt. 2), 136–137

General relativity.^[78] For full text, see reference #56.

Schilpp 74; CP 6, 1

1914 April 26

Relativitätsprinzip

On the Principle of Relativity

Vossische Zeitung, 33–34

Special and (possibly) general relativity.^[91]

Schilpp 75; CP 6, 2

1914

Kovarianzeigenschaften der Feldgleichungen der auf die verallgemeinerte Relativitätstheorie gegründeten Gravitationstheorie

Covariance Properties of the Field Equations of the Theory of Gravitation Based on the Generalized Theory of Relativity

Zeitschrift für Mathematik und Physik, 63, 215–225

General relativity.^[92] Co-authored with M. Grossmann.

Schilpp 78

1915

Proefondervindelijk bewijs voor het bestan der moleculaire stroomen von Ampère

Experimental Proof of the Existence of Ampère's Molecular Currents

Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, Verslag. (ser. 4), 23, 1449–1464

Einstein-de Haas effect.^[93] Co-authored with WJ de Haas.

Schilpp 79; CP 6, 18

1915

Antwort auf eine Abhandlung M. von Laues: Ein Satz der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung und seine Anwendung auf die Strahlungstheorie

Response to a Paper by M. von Laue: A Theorem in Probability Calculus and Its Application to Radiation Theory

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 47, 879–885, link

Photons.^[94]

Schilpp 80; CP 6, 23

1915

Experimenteller Nachweis des Ampèreschen Molekularströme

Experimental Proof of Ampère's Molecular Currents

Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft, 17, 152–170, 203 (Berichtigung), 420

Einstein-de Haas effect.^[95] Co-authored with WJ de Haas.

Schilpp 81

1915

Experimenteller Nachweis des Ampèreschen Molekularströme

Experimental Proof of Ampère's Molecular Currents

Naturwissenschaften, 3, 237–238

Einstein-de Haas effect.^[96] Co-authored with WJ de Haas.

Schilpp 82

1915

Grundgedanken der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie und Anwendung dieser Theorie in der Astronomie

Fundamental Ideas of the General Theory of Relativity and the Application of this Theory in Astronomy^§

Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte, 1915 (part 1), 315

General relativity. First of Einstein's four papers in November 1915. ^[97]

Schilpp 83; CP 6, 21 and 22

1915

Zur allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie

On the General Theory of Relativity

Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte, 1915 (part 2), 778–786, 799–801

General relativity.^[98] Second of Einstein's four papers in November 1915 that led to the final field equations for general relativity. The first paper had corrected a fundamental misconception and had allowed Einstein to finish; however, the second introduced a serious mistake.^[99]

Schilpp 84; CP 6, 24

1915

Erklärung der Perihelbewegung des Merkur aus der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie

Explanation of the Perihelion Motion of Mercury from the General Theory of Relativity

Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte, 1915 (part 2), 831–839

General relativity.^[100] Third of Einstein's four papers in November 1915. A pivotal paper in which Einstein shows that general relativity explains the anomalous precession of the planet Mercury, which had vexed astronomers since 1859. This paper also introduced the important calculational method, the post-Newtonian expansion. Einstein also calculated correctly (for the first time) the bending of light by gravity.

Schilpp 85; CP 6, 25

1915

Feldgleichungen der Gravitation

The Field Equations of Gravitation

Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte, 1915 (part 2), 844–847

General relativity.^[101] Fourth of Einstein's four papers in November 1915. This is the defining paper of general relativity. At long last, Einstein had found workable field equations, which served as the basis for subsequent derivations.

Schilpp 88; CP 6, 14

1916

Experimental proof of the existence of Ampère's molecular currents

Proceedings of the Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, 18, 696–711,link

Einstein-de Haas effect.^[102] Co-authored with WJ de Haas; English translation of reference #80.

Schilpp 89; CP 6, 30

1916

Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie

The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 49, 769–822, link

General relativity. Final consolidation by Einstein of his various papers on the subject - in particular, his four papers in November 1915.^[103]

Schilpp 90; CP 6, 40

1916

Über Fr. Kottlers Abhandlung: Einsteins Äquivalenzhypothese und die Gravitation

On Friedrich Kottler's Paper: On Einstein's Equivalence Hypothesis and Gravitation

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 51, 639–642, link

General relativity.^[104]

Schilpp 91; CP 6, 28

1916

Einfaches Experiment zum Nachweis der Ampèreschen Molekularströme

A Simple Experiment to Demonstrate Ampère's Molecular Currents

Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft, 18, 173–177

Einstein-de Haas effect.^[105]

Schilpp 92; CP 6, 34

1916

Strahlungs-emission und -absorption nach der Quantentheorie

Emission and Absorption of Radiation in Quantum Theory

Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft, 18, 318–323

Photons.^[106] Seminal paper in which Einstein showed that Planck's quantum hypothesis E=hν could be derived from a kinetic rate equation. This paper introduced the idea of stimulated emission (which led to the laser and maser), and Einstein's A and B coefficients provided a guide for the development of quantum electrodynamics, the most accurately tested theory of physics at present. In this work, Einstein begins to realize that quantum mechanics seems to involve probabilities and a breakdown of causality.^[107]

Schilpp 93; CP 6, 38

1916

Quantentheorie der Strahlung

On the Quantum Theory of Radiation

Mitteilungen der Physikalischen Gesellschaft, Zürich, 16, 47–62

Photons.^[108] Following his 1909 address (reference #30), Einstein shows that photons must carry momentum if Planck's law is to hold. This was confirmed in 1923 by Compton scattering, for which the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded and which led to the general acceptance to the photon concept.

Schilpp 94; CP 6, 36

1916

Review of H. A. Lorentz: Théories statistiques en thermodynamique

Review of H. A. Lorentz: Statistical Theories in Thermodynamics: Five Lectures...

Naturwissenschaften, 4, 480–481

Statistical mechanics.^[109]

Schilpp 95; CP 6, 39

1916

Elementare Theorie der Wasserwellen und des Fluges

Elementary Theory of Water Waves and of Flight

Naturwissenschaften, 4, 509–510

Fluid mechanics.

Schilpp 96; CP 6, 29

1916

Ernst Mach

Physikalische Zeitschrift, 17, 101–104

History of physics.^[110]

Schilpp 97; CP 6, 27

1916

Neue formale Deutung der Maxwellschen Feldgleichungen der Elektrodynamik

A New Formal Interpretation of Maxwell's Field Equations of Electrodynamics

Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte, 1916 (part 1), 184–187

Electromagnetism.

Schilpp 98

1916

Einige anschauliche Überlegungen aus dem Gebiete der Relativitätstheorie

Some Intuitive Considerations from the Field of Relativity Theory^§

Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte, 1916 (part 1), 423

General relativity.^[111] Abstract of a paper (never published) dealing with the behavior of clocks and Foucault pendulums.

Schilpp 99; CP 6, 32

1916

Näherungsweise Integration der Feldgleichungen der Gravitation

Approximative Integration of the Field Equations of Gravitation

Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte, 1916 (part 1), 688–696

General relativity^[112] The first prediction of gravitational waves. Such gravitational radiation has been observed indirectly, for which the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded, and observed directly, on Earth, in 2015.

Schilpp 100

1916

Gedächtnisrede auf Karl Schwarzschild

Memorial Lecture on Karl Schwarzschild

Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte, 1916 (part 1), 768–770

History of physics.^[113]

Schilpp 101; CP 6, 41

1916

Hamiltonsches Prinzip und allgemeine Relativitätstheorie

Hamilton's Principle and the General Theory of Relativity

Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte, 1916 (part 2), 1111–1116

General relativity.^[114]

Schilpp 103; CP 6, 45

1917

Zum Quantensatz von Sommerfeld und Epstein

On the Quantum Theorem of Sommerfeld and Epstein

Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, Verhandlungen, 19, 82–92

Quantum mechanics.^[115] Seminal paper for the Einstein–Brillouin–Keller method, which describes how to convert a classical system into its quantum mechanical analogue.

Schilpp 104

1917

Review of H. v. Helmholtz: Zwei Vorträge über Goethe

Review of Hermann von Helmholtz: Two Lectures on Goethe

Naturwissenschaften, 5, 675

History of physics.^[116]

Schilpp 105

1917

Marian von Smoluchowski

Naturwissenschaften, 5, 737–738

History of physics.^[117]

Schilpp 106

1917

Quantentheorie der Strahlung

On the Quantum Theory of Radiation

Physikalische Zeitschrift, 18, 121–128

Photons.^[118]

Schilpp 107; CP 6, 43

1917

Kosmologische Betrachtungen zur allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie

Cosmological Considerations in the General Theory of Relativity

Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte, 1917 (part 1), 142–152

General relativity.^[119] This seminal paper marks the beginning of physical cosmology. Under certain simplifying assumptions, general relativity describes the birth, the expansion and the ultimate fate of the Universe.

Schilpp 108; CP 6, 47

1917

Eine Ableitung des Theorems von Jacobi

A Derivation of Jacobi's Theorem

Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte, 1917 (part 2), 606–608

Mathematical physics.^[120]

Schilpp 109

1917 May 23

Friedrich Adler als Physiker

Friedrich Adler as a Physicist^§

Die Vossische Zeitung, Morgen Ausgabe, no. 259, 2

History of physics.^[121]

Schilpp 112; CP 7, 4

1918

Prinzipielles zur allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie

On the Foundations of the General Theory of Relativity

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 55, 241–244, link

General relativity.^[122]

Schilpp 113; CP 7, 6

1918

Lassen sich Brechungsexponenten der Körper für Röntgenstrahlen experimentell ermitteln?

Is It Possible to Determine Experimentally the X-Ray Refractive Indices of Solids?

Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft, 20, 86–87

Electromagnetism.

Schilpp 114; CP 7, 15

1918

Bemerkung zu Gehrckes Notiz: Über den Äther

Comment on E. Gehrcke's Note: On the Aether

Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft, 20, 261

Special and general relativity.

Schilpp 115; CP 7, 10

1918

Review of H. Weyl: Raum, Zeit, Materie

Review of Hermann Weyl, Space-Time-Matter: Lectures on General Relativity

Naturwissenschaften, 6, 373

Special and general relativity.^[123]

Schilpp 116; CP 7, 13

1918

Dialog über Einwände gegen die Relativitätstheorie

Dialogue about Objections to the Theory of Relativity

Naturwissenschaften, 6, 697–702

Special and general relativity.^[111]

Schilpp 117; CP 7, 2

1918

Notiz zu Schrödingers Arbeit: Energiekomponenten des Gravitationsfeldes

Note on E. Schrödinger's Paper: The Energy Components of the Gravitational Field

Physikalische Zeitschrift, 19, 115–116

General relativity.^[124]

Schilpp 118; CP 7, 3

1918

Bemerkung zu Schrödingers Notiz: Lösungssystem der allgemein kovarianten Gravitationsgleichungen

Comment on Schrödinger's Note: On a System of Solutions for the Generally Covariant Gravitational Field Equations

Physikalische Zeitschrift, 19, 165–166

General relativity.^[124]

Schilpp 119; CP 7, 1

1918

Gravitationswellen

On Gravitational Waves

Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte, 1918 (part 1), 154–167

General relativity.^[125] Second paper on Gravitational waves.

Schilpp 120; CP 7, 5

1918

Kritisches zu einer von Hrn. de Sitter gegebenen Lösung der Gravitationsgleichungen

Critical Comment on a Solution of the Gravitational Field Equations Given by Mr. de Sitter

Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte, 1918 (part 1), 270–272

General relativity.^[126]

Schilpp 121; CP 7, 9

1918

Der Energiesatz in der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie

The Law of Energy Conservation in the General Theory of Relativity

Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte, 1918 (part 1), 448–459

General relativity.^[127]

Schilpp 122

1919

Prüfung der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie

A Test of the General Theory of Relativity

Naturwissenschaften, 7, 776

General relativity.^[128]

Schilpp 123; CP 7, 17

1919

Spielen Gravitationsfelder im Aufbau der materiellen Elementarteilchen eine wesentliche Rolle?

Do Gravitational Fields Play an Essential Role in the Structure of the Elementary Particles of Matter?

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1919 (pt. 1), 349–356

General relativity.^[129] Suggests a modification of his field equations to allow for stable elementary particles.

Schilpp 124; CP 7, 18

1919

Bemerkungen über periodische Schwankungen der Mondlänge, welche bisher nach der Newtonschen Mechanik nicht erklärbar schienen

Comment about Periodical Fluctuations of Lunar Longitude, Which So Far Appeared to Be Inexplicable in Newtonian Mechanics

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1919 (pt. 1), 433–436

General relativity.

Schilpp 125

1919

Feldgleichungen der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie vom Standpunkte des kosmologischen Problems und des Problems der Konstitution der Materie

Field Equations of the General Theory of Relativity in Respect to the Cosmological Problem and the Problem of the Constitution of Matter^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1919 (pt. 1), 463 (Title only)

General relativity.^[129]

Schilpp 126; CP 7, 26

1919 November 28

My theory

Times, London, 13

General relativity.^[130] Re-published in 1919 as "Time, space and gravitation" in Optician, the British optical journal, volume 58, pages 187–188.

Schilpp 127; CP 7, 24

1919

Leo Arons als Physiker

Leo Arons as Physicist

Sozialistische Monatshefte, 52 (Jahrgang 25, pt. 2), 1055–1056

History of physics.^[131]

Schilpp 132

1920

Bemerkung zur Abhandlung von W. R. Hess: Theorie der Viscosität heterogener Systeme

Comment on the Paper by W. R. Hess: Contribution to the Theory of the Viscosity of Heterogeneous Systems

Kolloidzeitschrift, 27, 137

Intermolecular forces.^[132]

Schilpp 133

1920

Inwiefern lässt sich die moderne Gravitationstheorie ohne die Relativität begründen?

To What Extent Can Modern Gravitational Theory Be Established without Relativity?

Naturwissenschaften, 8, 1010–1011

General relativity.^[122]

Schilpp 134

1920

Trägheitsmoment des Wasserstoffmoleküls

Moment of Inertia of the Hydrogen Molecule^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1920, 65

Intermolecular forces.^[133] Abstract of never-published paper.

Schilpp 135; CP 7, 39

1920

Schallausbreitung in teilweise dissoziierten Gasen

Propagation of Sound in Partly Dissociated Gases

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1920, 380–385

Intermolecular forces. Notes on the page proofs with corrections.^[134]

Schilpp 136; CP 7, 45

1920 August 27

Meine Antwort über die antirelativitätstheoretische G.m.b.H.

My Response on the Anti-Relativity Company

Berliner Tageblatt und Handelszeitung, no. 402, 1–2

Special and general relativity.^[135]

Schilpp 147; CP 7, 53

1921

A brief outline of the development of the theory of relativity

Nature, 106, 782–784

History of physics.^[136] Translated by R. W. Lawson.

Schilpp 148

1921

Geometrie und Erfahrung

Geometry and Experience

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1921 (pt. 1), 123–130

General relativity.^[137]

Schilpp 149; CP 7, 54

1921

Eine naheliegende Ergänzung des Fundaments der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie

On a Natural Addition to the Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1921 (pt. 1), 261–264

General relativity.^[138]

Schilpp 150; CP 7, 68

1921

Ein den Elementarprozess der Lichtemission betreffendes Experiment

On an Experiment Concerning the Elementary Process of Light Emission

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1921 (pt. 2), 882–883

Photons.^[139]

Schilpp 151

1921

Report of a lecture at King's College on the development and present position of relativity, with quotations

Nation and Athenaeum, 29, 431–432

Special and general relativity. The German text is reproduced in Mein Weltbild (pp. 215–220); a full translation is found in The world as I see it. It was also reported in Nature (107, p. 504) and also in the Times (London) on June 14, p. 8.

Schilpp 159

1922

Bemerkung zur Seletyschen Arbeit: Beiträge zum kosmologischen Problem

Observation of the Paper of Selety: Contributions to the Cosmological Problem^§

Annalen der Physik (ser. 4), 69, 436–438, link

General relativity.^[140]

Schilpp 160

1922

Review of W. Pauli: Relativitätstheorie

Review of W. Pauli: Relativity Theory^§

Naturwissenschaften, 10, 184–185

Special and general relativity.^[141]

Schilpp 161

1922

Emil Warburg als Forscher

Emil Warburg as Researcher^§

Naturwissenschaften, 10, 823–828

History of physics.^[142]

Schilpp 162

1922

Theorie der Lichtfortpflanzung in dispergierenden Medien

Theory of the Propagation of Light in Dispersive Media^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phys.-math. Klasse, 1922, 18–22

Electromagnetism.^[143]

Schilpp 163

1922

Bemerkung zu der Abhandlung von E. Trefftz: Statische Gravitationsfeld zweier Massenpunkte

Observation on the Work of E. Trefftz: Static Gravitational Field of Two Point Masses^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phys.-math. Klasse, 1922, 448–449

General relativity.

Schilpp 164

1922

Quantentheoretische Bemerkungen zum Experiment von Stern und Gerlach

Quantum Mechanical Observations on the Experiment of Stern and Gerlach^§

Zeitschrift für Physik, 11, 31–34

Quantum mechanics.^[144] Co-authored with Paul Ehrenfest.

Schilpp 165

1922

Bemerkung zu der Arbeit von A. Friedmann: Über die Krümmung des Raumes

Observation on the Paper of A. Friedmann: On the Curvature of Space^§

Zeitschrift für Physik, 11, 326

General relativity.^[145] Einstein withdrew this self-criticism in 1922 in the same journal Zeitschrift für Physik, volume 16, p. 228.

Schilpp 170

1923

Bemerkung zu der Notiz von W. Anderson: Neue Erklärung des kontinuierlichen Koronaspektrums

Observation on the Note of W. Anderson: New Explanation of the Continuous Spectrum of the Corona^§

Astronomische Nachrichten, 219, 19

Solar physics.

Schilpp 171

1923

Experimentelle Bestimmung der Kanalweite von Filtern

Experimental Determination of the Pore Diameter in Filters^§

Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift, 49, 1012–1013

Fluid mechanics.^[146] Co-authored with H. Mühsam.

Schilpp 172

1923

Beweis der Nichtexistenz eines überall regulären zentrisch symmetrischen Feldes nach der Feldtheorie von Kaluza

Proof of the Non-Existence of an Everywhere-Regular Centrally Symmetric Field According to the Field Theory of Kaluza^§

Jerusalem University, Scripta, 1 (no. 7), 1–5

Classical unified field theories.^[147] Co-authored with J. Grommer; also given in Hebrew.

Schilpp 173

1923

Theory of the affine field

Nature, 112, 448–449

Classical unified field theories.^[148] Translated by RW Lawson, but does not correspond to publication #175. Relatively non-mathematical.

Schilpp 174

1923

Zur allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie

On the General Theory of Relativity^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1923, 32–38, 76–77

General relativity.^[149]

Schilpp 175

1923

Zur affinen Feldtheorie

On Affine Field Theory^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1923, 137–140

Classical unified field theories.^[150]

Schilpp 176

1923

Bietet die Feldtheorie Möglichkeiten für die Lösung des Quantenproblems?

Does Field Theory Offer Possibilities for Solving the Quantum Problem?^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1923, 359–364

Classical unified field theories.^[151]

Schilpp 177

1923

Théorie de relativité

Theory of Relativity^§

Société française de philosophie, Bulletin, 22, 97–98, 101, 107, 111–112

Special and general relativity.^[152] Quoted in full in Nature, 112, p. 253.

Schilpp 178

1923

Quantentheorie des Strahlungsgleichgewichts

Quantum Theory of the Equilibrium of Radiation^§

Zeitschrift für Physik, 19, 301–306

Photons.^[153] Co-authored with Paul Ehrenfest.

Schilpp 181

1924

Antwort auf eine Bemerkung von W. Anderson

Response to an Observation of W. Anderson^§

Astronomische Nachrichten, 221, 329–330

Schilpp 182

1924 April 20

Komptonsche Experiment

The Compton Experiment^§

Berliner Tageblatt, 1. Beiblatt

Photons.^[154] Experiment showing that photons could carry momentum; for many physicists, this experiment was conclusive proof that photons were particles.

Schilpp 184

1924

Zum hundertjährigen Gedenktag von Lord Kelvins Geburt

On the 100th Anniversary of Lord Kelvin's Birth^§

Naturwissenschaften, 12, 601–602

History of physics.^[155]

Schilpp 185

1924

Quantentheorie des einatomigen idealen Gases

Quantum Theory of the Monatomic Ideal Gas^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1924, 261–267

Photons and statistical mechanics.^[156] First of two seminal papers (see reference #194), in which Einstein creates the theory of identical particles in quantum mechanics. In 1924, Satyendra Nath Bose derived Planck's law of black-body radiation from a modification of coarse-grained counting of phase space.^[157] Einstein shows that this modification is equivalent to assuming that photons are rigorously identical, leading to the concept of coherent states. Einstein also extends Bose's formalism to material particles (bosons), predicting that they condense at sufficiently low temperatures, as verified experimentally.^[158]

Schilpp 186

1924

Über den Äther

On the Aether^§

Verhandlungen der Schweizerischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 105 (pt. 2), 85–93

History of physics.^[159] Historical overview.

Schilpp 187

1924

Theorie der Radiometerkräfte

Theory of Radiometer Forces^§

Zeitschrift für Physik, 27, 1–6

Statistical mechanics. Treatment of the physics of radiometers, a science toy.

Schilpp 188

1924

[Note appended to a paper by Bose entitled "Wärmegleichgewicht im Strahlungsfeld bei Anwesenheit von Materie"]

Thermal Equilibrium in the Radiation Field in the Presence of Matter

Zeitschrift für Physik, 27, 392–392

Photons.^[160]

Schilpp 193

1925

Elektron und allgemeine Relativitätstheorie

The Electron and The General Theory of Relativity^§

Physica, 5, 330–334

General relativity.^[161]

Schilpp 194

1925

Quantentheorie des einatomigen idealen Gases. 2. Abhandlung

Quantum Theory of the Monatomic Ideal Gas, Part II^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin), Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1925, 3–14

Photons and statistical mechanics.^[162] Second of two seminal articles on identical particles, bosons and Bose–Einstein condensation; see reference #185 for the first.

Schilpp 195

1925

Quantentheorie des idealen Gases

Quantum theory of Ideal Gases^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin), Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1925, 18–25

Photons and statistical mechanics.^[163]

Schilpp 196

1925

Einheitliche Feldtheorie von Gravitation und Elektrizität

Unified Field Theory of Gravity and Electricity^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Berlin), Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1925, 414–419

Classical unified field theories.^[164]

Schilpp 197

1925

Bemerkung zu P. Jordans Abhandlung: Theorie der Quantenstrahlung

Observation on P. Jordan's Work: Theory of Quantum Radiation^§

Zeitschrift für Physik, 31, 784–785

Photons.^[165]

Schilpp 199

1926

W. H. Julius, 1860–1925

Astrophysical Journal, 63, 196–198

History of physics.^[166]

Schilpp 200

1926

Ursache der Mäanderbildung der Flussläufe und des sogenannten Baerschen Gesetzes

Origin of River-Meanders and the So-Called Law of Baer^§

Naturwissenschaften, 14, 223–224

Earth science.^[167] The physics of meandering rivers.

Schilpp 201

1926

Vorschlag zu einem die Natur des elementaren Strahlungs-emissions-prozesses betreffenden Experiment

Suggestion for an Experiment Concerning the Nature of the Elementary Process of Emitting Light^§

Naturwissenschaften, 14, 300–301

Photons.^[168]

Schilpp 202

1926

Interferenzeigenschaften des durch Kanalstrahlen emittierten Lichtes

Interference Properties of Light Emitted by Canal Rays^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1926, 334–340

Photons.^[169] Supposedly verified experimentally by Rupp in the paper following it in the journal (pp. 341–351); later, it came out that Rupp was a fraud.

Schilpp 203

1926

Geometría no euclídea y física

Non-Euclidean Geometry and Physics^§

Revista matemática Hispano-americana (ser. 2), 1, 72–76

General relativity.

Schilpp 205

1927

Einfluss der Erdbewegung auf die Lichtgeschwindigkeit relativ zur Erde

Influence of the Earth's Motion on the Speed of Light Relative to Earth^§

Forschungen und Fortschritte, 3, 36–37

Special relativity.^[170]

Schilpp 206

1927

Formale Beziehung des Riemannschen Krümmungstensors zu den Feldgleichungen der Gravitation

Formal Relationship of the Riemannian Curvature Tensor to the Field Equations of Gravity^§

Mathematische Annalen, 97, 99–103 link

General relativity.^[171]

Schilpp 207

1927

Isaac Newton

Manchester Guardian Weekly, 16, 234–235

History of physics. Reprinted in the Manchester Guardian (March 19, 1927); Observatory, 50, 146–153; Smithsonian Institution, Report for 1927, 201–207.

Schilpp 208

1927

Newtons Mechanik und ihr Einfluss auf die Gestaltung der theoretischen Physik

Newton's Mechanics and its Influence on the Formation of Theoretical Physics^§

Naturwissenschaften, 15, 273–276

History of physics.^[172]

Schilpp 209

1927

Zu Newtons 200. Todestage

On the 200th Anniversary of Newton's Death^§

Nord und Süd, Jahrg. 50, 36–40

History of physics.

Schilpp 210

1927

[Letter to the Royal Society on the occasion of the Newton bicentenary]

Nature, 119, 467

History of physics.^[173] Also published in Science, 65, 347–348.

Schilpp 211

1927

Establishment of an international bureau of meteorology

Science, 65, 415–417

Meteorology.^[174]

Schilpp 212

1927

Kaluzas Theorie des Zusammenhanges von Gravitation und Elektrizität

Kaluza's Theory of the Connection between Gravity and Electricity^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1927, 23–30

Classical unified field theories.^[175]

Schilpp 213

1927

Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie und Bewegungsgesetz

General Theory of Relativity and the Law of Motion^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1927, 2–13, 235–245

General relativity.^[176] The first part (pp. 2–13) was co-authored with J. Grommer.

Schilpp 214

1927

Theoretisches und Experimentelles zur Frage der Lichtentstehung

Theoretical and Experimental [Aspects] to the Question of the Generation of Light^§

Zeitschrift für angewandte Chemie, 40, 546

Photons.^[177]

Schilpp 216

1928

H. A. Lorentz

Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Blätter, 22, 24–25

History of physics.^[178] Abstract of an address given at a memorial service at Leiden University. Reprinted in Mein Weltbild (The world as I see it), p. 25.

Schilpp 217

1928

Riemanngeometrie mit Aufrechterhaltung des Begriffes des Fern-Parallelismus

Riemannian Geometry with Preservation of the Concept of Distant Parallelism^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1928, 217–221

Classical unified field theories.^[179]

Schilpp 218

1928

Neue Möglichkeit für eine einheitliche Feldtheorie von Gravitation und Elektrizität

New Possibility for a Unified Field Theory of Gravity and Electricity^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1928, 224–227

Classical unified field theories.^[180]

Schilpp 219

1928

À propos de "La déduction relativiste" de M. E. Meyerson

Concerning "The Relativistic Deduction" by M. E. Meyerson^§

Revue philosophique de la France, 105, 161–166

Special and general relativity.^[181]

Schilpp 222

1929

Ansprache an Prof. Planck [bei Entgegennahme der Planckmedaille]

Address to Prof. Planck [upon receiving the Planck medal]^§

Forschungen und Fortschritte, 5, 248–249

History of physics.^[182]

Schilpp 223

1929

[Quotation from an interview with (London) Daily Chronicle (January 26, 1929) on the unitary field theory, in advance of publication #226]

Nature, 123, 175

Classical unified field theories.

Schilpp 224

1929

[Note appended to a reprinting of Arago's Memorial address on Thomas Young before the French Academy]

Naturwissenschaften, 17, 363

History of physics.^[183]

Schilpp 225

1929 February 4

The new field theory

Times (London)

Classical unified field theories. Translated by L. L. Whyte. Reprinted in the Observatory, 52, 82–87, 114–118 (1930).

Schilpp 226

1929

Einheitliche Feldtheorie

Unified Field Theory^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1929, 2–7

Classical unified field theories.^[184]

Schilpp 227

1929

Einheitliche Feldtheorie und Hamiltonsches Prinzip

Unified Field Theory and Hamilton's Principle^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1929, 156–159

Classical unified field theories.^[185]

Schilpp 228

1929

Sur la théorie synthéthique des champs

On the Unified Theory of Fields^§

Revue générale de l'électricité, 25, 35–39

Classical unified field theories. Co-authored with Théophile de Donder.

Schilpp 229

1929

Appreciation of Simon Newcomb

Science, 69, 249

History of physics.^[186] Translation of a letter to Newcomb's daughter dated July 15, 1926.

Schilpp 230

1929

Sesión especial de la Academia (16 abril 1925)

Special Session of the Scientific Society of Argentina^§

Sociedad científica Argentina, Anales, 107, 337–347

Special and general relativity. Einstein's discussions with RG Loyarte on mass-energy equivalence and with H Damianovich on the relevance of relativity for a proposed "chemical field".

Schilpp 232

1930 November 9

Über Kepler

On Kepler^§

Frankfurter Zeitung, p. 16, col. 3–4

History of physics.^[187] The text is reprinted in Mein Weltbild and its English translation The world as I see it (in German and English, respectively).

Schilpp 233

1930

Raum-, Feld- und Äther-problem in der Physik

The Problems of Space, Fields and Aether in Physics^§

World power conference, 2nd, Berlin, 1930. Transactions, 19, 1–5

Special and general relativity. A widely reported address, e.g., in Dinglers polytechnisches journal, 345, p. 122.

Schilpp 234

1930

Raum, Äther und Feld in der Physik

Space, Aether and Field in Physics^§

Forum Philosophicum, 1, 173–180

Special and general relativity.^[188] An English translation by ES Brightman was provided in the same volume, pp. 180–184. Similar to #233, but different from the article "Das Raum-, Äther-, und Feld-problem der Physik" reprinted in Mein Weltbild (The world as I see it), pp. 229–248.

Schilpp 235

1930

Théorie unitaire du champ physique

Unified theory of the physical field^§

Annales de l'Institut H. Poincaré, 1, 1–24

Classical unified field theories.^[189]

Schilpp 236

1930

Auf die Riemann-Metrik und den Fern-Parallelismus gegründete einheitliche Feldtheorie

A Unified Field Theory Based on the Riemannian Metric and Distant Parallelism^§

Mathematische Annalen, 102, 685–697 link

Classical unified field theories.^[190]

Schilpp 237

1930

Das Raum-Zeit Problem

The Space-Time Problem^§

Die Koralle, 5, 486–488

Special and general relativity.^[191]

Schilpp 238

1930

Review of S. Weinberg: Erkenntnistheorie

Review of S. Weinberg: Theory of Knowledge^§

Naturwissenschaften, 18, 536

History of physics.^[192]

Schilpp 239

1930

Kompatibilität der Feldgleichungen in der einheitlichen Feldtheorie

Consistency of the Field Equations in the Unified Field Theory^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1930, 18–23

Classical unified field theories.^[193]

Schilpp 240

1930

Zwei strenge statische Lösungen der Feldgleichungen der einheitlichen Feldtheorie

Two Strictly Static Solutions of the Field Equations of the Unified Field Theory^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1930, 110–120

Classical unified field theories.^[194] Co-authored with W. Mayer.

Schilpp 241

1930

Theorie der Räume mit Riemannmetrik und Fernparallelismus

Theory of Spaces with a Riemannian Metric and Distant Parallelism^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1930, 401–402

Classical unified field theories.^[195]

Schilpp 242

1930

Address at University of Nottingham

Science, 71, 608–610

Special and general relativity.^[196] A survey of relativity theory (special and general) and of field theory in general. A précis of the talk was published in Nature, 125, pp. 897–898, under the title "Concept of space".

Schilpp 243

1930

Über den gegenwärtigen Stand der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie

On the Present Status of the General Theory of Relativity^§

Yale University Library, Gazette, 6, 3–6

General relativity.^[197] An English translation by Prof. Leigh Page of Yale University was provided on pages 7–10. Interestingly, this was neither a scientific talk nor a typical scientific paper; rather, a Yale graduate convinced Einstein to write the summary by longhand; the manuscript is still housed at Yale.

Schilpp 247

1931

Theory of Relativity: Its Formal Content and Its Present Problems

Nature, 127, 765, 790, 826–827

Special and general relativity. Rhodes lectures delivered at Oxford University in May 1931.

Schilpp 248

1931

Knowledge of past and future in quantum mechanics

Physical Review (ser. 2), 37, 780–781, link

Quantum mechanics.^[198] Co-authored with R. C. Tolman and B. Podolsky.

Schilpp 249

1931

Zum kosmologischen Problem der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie

On the Cosmological Problem of the General Theory of Relativity^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1931, 235–237

General relativity.^[199] Proposed a "cosmological constant."

Schilpp 250

1931

Systematische Untersuchung über kompatible Feldgleichungen welche in einem Riemannschen Raume mit Fern-Parallelismus gesetzt werden können

Systematic Investigation of Consistent Field Equations That Can Be Posited in a Riemannian Space with Distant Parallelism^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1931, 257–265

Classical unified field theories.^[200] Co-authored with W. Mayer.

Schilpp 251

1931

Einheitliche Feldtheorie von Gravitation und Elektrizität

Unified Field Theory of Gravity and Electricity^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1931, 541–557

Classical unified field theories.^[201] Co-authored with W. Mayer.

Schilpp 252

1931

Thomas Alva Edison, 1847–1931

Science, 74, 404–405

History of physics.^[202]

Schilpp 253

1931

Gravitational and electrical fields [Translation of a preliminary report for the Josiah Macy, Jr. foundation]

Science, 74, 438–439

Classical unified field theories.^[203]

Schilpp 254

1931

[Reply to congratulatory addresses at a dinner given by the California Institute of Technology on January 15, 1931]

Science, 73, 379

History of physics.^[204]

Schilpp 255

1931

Gedenkworte auf Albert A. Michelson

In Remembrance of Albert A. Michelson^§

Zeitschrift für angewandte Chemie, 44, 658

History of physics.^[205]

Schilpp 258

1932

On the relation between the expansion and the mean density of the universe

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 18, 213–214

General relativity.^[206] Co-authored with Willem de Sitter.

Schilpp 259

1932

Zu Dr. Berliners siebzigstem Geburtstag

On Dr. Berliner's 70th Birthday^§

Naturwissenschaften, 20, 913

History of physics.^[207] Reprinted in Mein Weltbild (The world as I see it), pp. 29–32.

Schilpp 260

1932

Gegenwärtiger Stand der Relativitätstheorie

Present Status of Relativity Theory^§

Die Quelle (now called Paedogogischer Führer), 82, 440–442

General relativity.^[208]

Schilpp 261

1932

Einheitliche Feldtheorie von Gravitation und Elektrizität, 2. Abhandlung

Unified Field Theory of Gravity and Electricity, Part II^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1932, 130–137

Classical unified field theories.^[209] Co-authored with W. Mayer.

Schilpp 262

1932

Semi-Vektoren und Spinoren

Semi-Vectors and Spinors^§

Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-mathematische Klasse, 1932, 522–550

Mathematics.^[210] Co-authored with W. Mayer.

Schilpp 263

1932

Unbestimmtheitsrelation

Uncertainty Relations^§

Zeitschrift für angewandte Chemie, 45, 23

Quantum mechanics.^[211]

Schilpp 267

1933

Dirac Gleichungen für Semi-Vektoren

Dirac Equations for Semi-Vectors^§

Akademie van wetenschappen (Amsterdam), Proceedings, 36 (pt. 2), 497–?

Quantum mechanics.^[212] Co-authored with W. Mayer.

Schilpp 268

1933

Spaltung der natürlichsten Feldgleichungen für Semi-Vektoren in Spinor-Gleichungen vom Diracschen Typus

Division of the Most Natural Field-Equations for Semi-Vectors in Spinor Equations of the Dirac Type^§

Akademie van wetenschappen (Amsterdam), Proceedings, 36 (pt. 2), 615–619

Quantum mechanics.^[213] Co-authored with W. Mayer.

Schilpp 270

1934

Darstellung der Semi-Vektoren als gewöhnliche Vektoren von besonderem Differentiations Charakter

Representation of Semi-Vectors as Ordinary Vectors with Unusual Differentiation Properties^§

Annals of mathematics (ser. 2), 35, 104–110

Mathematics.^[214] Co-authored with W. Mayer.

Schilpp 271

1934

Review of R. Tolman: Relativity, thermodynamics and cosmology

Science, 80, 358

Special and general relativity.^[215]

Schilpp 272

1935

Elementary derivation of the equivalence of mass and energy

Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 41, 223–230, link

Special relativity.^[216]

Schilpp 273

1935

Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete?

Physical Review (ser. 2), 47, 777–780, link

Quantum mechanics.^[217] Seminal paper on non-local effects (entanglement) in quantum mechanics. Co-authored with B. Podolsky and N. Rosen.

Schilpp 274

1935

The particle problem in the general theory of relativity

Physical Review (ser. 2), 48, 73–77

General relativity.^[218] Co-authored with N. Rosen.

Schilpp 275

1936

Physik und Realität

Physics and Reality^§

Franklin Institute, Journal, 221, 313–347

Quantum mechanics.^[219] An English translation (by J Picard) is provided on pages 349–382. Also reprinted in Zeitschrift für freie deutsche Forschung, 1, no. 1, pp. 5–19 and no. 2, pp. 1–14 (1938).

Schilpp 276

1936

Two-body problem in general relativity theory

Physical Review (ser. 2), 49, 404–405

General relativity.^[220] Co-authored with N. Rosen.

Schilpp 277

1936

Lens-like action of a star by deviation of light in the gravitational field

Science, 84, 506–507

General relativity.^[221]

Schilpp 278

1937

On gravitational waves

Journal of the Franklin Institute, 223, 43–54

General relativity.^[222] Co-authored with N. Rosen. This important paper established that gravitational waves are possible despite the nonlinear nature of the Einstein field equations. Interestingly, Einstein and Rosen originally reached the opposite conclusion!

Schilpp 283

1938

Gravitational equations and the problems of motion

Annals of Mathematics (ser. 2), 39, 65–100

General relativity.^[223] Co-authored with L. Infeld and B. Hoffmann.

Schilpp 284

1938

Generalization of Kaluza's theory of electricity

Annals of mathematics (ser. 2), 39, 683–701

Classical unified field theories.^[224] Co-authored with P. Bergmann.

Schilpp 285

1939

Stationary system with spherical symmetry consisting of many gravitating masses

Annals of Mathematics (ser. 2), 40, 922–936

General relativity.^[225]

Schilpp 286

1940

Gravitational equations and the problems of motion. II

Annals of Mathematics (ser. 2), 41, 455–464

General relativity.^[226] Co-authored with L. Infeld.

Schilpp 287

1940

Considerations concerning the fundamentals of theoretical physics

Science, 91, 487–492

History of physics.^[227] Partly reprinted in Nature, 145, 920–924.

Schilpp 290

1941

Demonstration of the non-existence of gravitational fields with a non-vanishing total mass free of singularities

Tucumán universidad nac., Revista (ser. A), 2, 11–16

General relativity.^[228]

Schilpp 292

1942

The work and personality of Walter Nernst

Scientific Monthly, 54, 195–196

History of physics.^[229]

Schilpp 293

1943

Non-existence of regular stationary solutions of relativistic field equations

Annals of Mathematics (ser. 2), 44, 131–137

General relativity.^[230] Co-authored with Wolfgang Pauli.

Schilpp 295

1944

Bivector fields, I

Annals of mathematics (ser. 2), 45, 1–14

Mathematics.^[231] Co-authored with V. Bargmann.

Schilpp 296

1944

Bivector fields, II

Annals of mathematics (ser. 2)296, 45, 15–23

Mathematics.^[232]

Schilpp 298

1945

On the cosmological problem

American Scholar, 14, 137–156, 269 (correction)

General relativity. A pre-printing of the appendix to publication #297.

Schilpp 299

1945

Generalization of the relativistic theory of gravitation

Annals of mathematics (ser. 2), 46, 578–584

Classical unified field theories.^[233]

Schilpp 300

1945

Influence of the expansion of space on the gravitation fields surrounding the individual stars

Reviews of modern physics, 17, 120–124

General relativity.^[234] Co-authored with E. G. Straus. Corrections and additions, ibid., 18, 148–149 (1946).

Schilpp 301

1946

Generalization of the relativistic theory of gravitation, II

Annals of mathematics (ser. 2), 47, 731–741

Classical unified field theories.^[235] Co-authored with E. G. Straus.

Schilpp 302

1946

Elementary derivation of the equivalence of mass and energy

Technion Journal, 5, 16–17, link

Special relativity.^[236] Novel, simplified derivation in the Yearbook of American Society for Advancement of the Hebrew Institute of Technology in Haifa. Also published in Hebrew in 1947, in the Scientific Publications of Hebrew Technical College (Institute of Technology) in Haifa.

Schilpp 307

1948

Quantenmechanik und Wirklichkeit

Quantum mechanics and reality^§

Dialectica, 2, 320–324

Quantum mechanics.^[237]

Schilpp 308

1948

Generalized theory of gravitation

Reviews of modern physics, 20, 35–39

Classical unified field theories.^[238]

Schilpp 309

1949

Motion of particles in general relativity theory

Canadian Journal of Mathematics, 1, 209–241

General relativity.^[239] Co-authored with L. Infeld.

Schilpp 310

1949

Dem Gedächtnis Max Plancks

In memory of Max Planck^§

Angewandte Chimie, 61, U114

History of physics.

Schilpp 311

1950

The Bianchi Identities in the Generalized Theory of Gravitation

Canadian Journal of Mathematics, 2, 120–128

Classical unified field theories.^[240]

Schilpp 313

1950

On the General Theory of Gravitation

Scientific American, 182, 13–17

Classical unified field theories.^[241]

Schilpp 314

1951

The Advent of the Quantum Theory

Science, 113, 82–84

Quantum mechanics.

Schilpp 316

1953

A Comment on a Criticism of Unified Field Theory

Physical Review, 89, 321

Classical unified field theories.^[242]

Schilpp 317

1954

Algebraic Properties of the Field in the Relativistic Theory of the Asymmetric Field

Annals of Mathematics, 59, 230–244

Classical unified field theories.^[243] Co-authored with B. Kaufman.

Schilpp 318

1955

An Interview with Einstein

Scientific American, 193, 69–73

History of physics. Co-authored with I. B. Cohen.

Schilpp 319

1955

A New Form of the General Relativistic Field Equations

Annals of Mathematics, 62, 128–138

Classical unified field theories.^[244] Simplified derivation using an ancillary field instead of the usual affine connection. Co-authored with B. Kaufman.

Book chapters

With the exception of publication #288, the following book chapters were written by Einstein; he had no co-authors. Given that most of the chapters are already in English, the English translations are not given their own columns, but are provided in parentheses after the original title; this helps the table to fit within the margins of the page.

Index^{[notes 1]}

Year

Chapter title (English translation^{[notes 2]})

Book title (English translation^{[notes 2]}), page numbers

Book author/editor

Publisher (Location)

Classification and notes^{[notes 4]}

Schilpp 51

1912

État actuel du problème des chaleurs spécifiques

Present State of the Problem of Specific Heats^§

Rapports du premier Conseil de Physique (1911), Instituts Solvay

Reports of the 1st Solvay Conference of Physics^§

Unknown

Gauthier (Paris)

Specific heats.^[245] The German text is publication #63.

Schilpp 76

1915

Theoretische Atomistik

Theoretical Atomic Science^§

Die Physik, pp. 251–263

Physics^§

E. Lecher

Teubner (Leipzig)

Atomic physics.^[246] Part of the series Kultur der Gegenwart (3. Teil, Abt. 3, Band 1).

Schilpp 77

1915

Relativitätstheorie

Relativity Theory^§

Die Physik

Physics^§

E. Lecher

Teubner (Leipzig)

Special and general relativity.^[247] Part of the series Kultur der Gegenwart (3. Teil, Abt. 3, Band 1)

Schilpp 87

1916

Vorwort

Foreword

Grundlagen der Einsteinschen Gravitationstheorie

Foundations of Einstein's Gravitational Theory^§

Erwin F. Freundlich

Springer (Berlin)

General relativity.

Schilpp 111

1918

Motiv des Forschens

Motives for Research

Zu Max Plancks 60. Geburtstag: Ansprachen in der deutschen physikalischen Gesellschaft, pp. 29–32

Talks in Honor of Max Planck's 60th Birthday^§

Unknown

Müller (Karlsruhe)

Philosophy of physics.^[248]

Schilpp 146

1921

Einfache Anwendung des Newtonschen Gravitationsgesetzes auf die Kugelförmigen Sternhaufen

Simple Application of Newton's Law of Gravitation to Spherical Collections of Stars^§

Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaft, Festschrift zu ihrem zehnjährigen Jubiläum, pp. 50–52

Celebratory Work for the 10th Anniversary of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society^§

Unknown

Springer Verlag (Berlin)

Gravitation.

Schilpp 158

1922

Theoretische Bemerkungen zur Supraleitung der Metalle

Theoretical Observations on the Superconductivity of Metals^§

Leyden. Rijksuniversiteit Naturkundig Laboratorium, Gedenkboek aangeboden aan H. Kamerlingh Onnes, pp. 429–435

A Book Honoring H. Kamerlingh Onnes^§

Unknown

Ijdo (Leiden)

Superconductivity.

Schilpp 180

1924

Geleitwort

Preface^§

Lucretius, De rerum natura

H. Diels

Weidmann (Berlin)

History of physics.^[249]

Schilpp 190

1925

Anhang: Eddingtons Theorie und Hamiltonsches Prinzip

Appendix: Eddington's Theory and Hamilton's Principle^§

Relativitätstheorie in mathematischer Behandlung

Relativity Theory, Treated Mathematically^§

AS Eddington

Springer Verlag (Berlin)

Classical unified field theories.^[250] Written exclusively for this German translation of Eddington.

Schilpp 191

1925

Theoretische Atomistik

Theoretical Atomic Science^§

Die Physik, 2. Auflage, pp. 281–294

Physics, 2nd edition^§

Unknown

Teubner (Leipzig)

Atomic physics.

Schilpp 192

1925

Relativitätstheorie

Relativity theory^§

Die Physik, 2. Auflage, pp. 783–797

Physics, 2nd edition^§

Unknown

Teubner (Leipzig)

Special and general relativity.

Schilpp 204

1927

Introduction

Di spetsyele relativitets-teorye

The Special Theory of Relativity^§

T. Shalit

privately printed (Berlin)

Special relativity. Both Yiddish and German versions are provided.

Schilpp 220

1929

Space-time

Encyclopædia Britannica, 14th ed., vol. 21, pp. 105–108

Franklin Henry Hooper

Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. (Chicago)

Special and general relativity.

Schilpp 221

1929

Über den gegenwärtigen Stand der Feldtheorie

On the Present Status of Field Theory^§

Festschrift Prof. Dr. A. Studola Überreicht, pp. 126ff.

Celebratory Work for Dr. A. Studola^§

Unknown

Füssli (Zürich)

General relativity.^[251] Less technical and more historical than (journal) publication #235.

Schilpp 231

1929

Begleitwort

Foreword^§

Grenzflächenvorgänge in der unbelebten und belebten Natur

Boundary Surface Processes in Biological and Inorganic Nature^§

D. Reichinstein

Barth (Leipzig)

History of physics.

Schilpp 244

1931

Foreword

Newton, the man, p. v

R. de Villamil

Knox (London)

History of physics.

Schilpp 245

1931

Maxwell's influence on the development of the conception of physical reality

James Clerk Maxwell: A Commemoration Volume, pp. 66–73

Unknown

Cambridge University Press (Cambridge)

History of physics.^[252] The German text is found in Mein Weltbild (The world as I see it).

Schilpp 246

1931

Foreword

Opticks, 4th edition (London 1730), pp. vii–viii

Isaac Newton

McGraw (New York)

History of physics.^[253]

Schilpp 256

1932

Prologue

Where is science going?, pp. 7–12

Max Planck

Norton (New York)

Philosophy of physics.^[254]

Schilpp 257

1932

Epilogue: a socratic dialogue, interlocutors, Einstein and Murphy

Where is science going?, pp. 201–213

Max Planck

Norton (New York)

Philosophy of physics.^[254]

Schilpp 269

1934

Introduction

The World in Modern Science, pp. 5–6

Leopold Infeld

V. Gollancz (London)

Philosophy of physics.^[255] The German original is on p. 275.

Schilpp 288

1941

Five-dimensional representation of gravitation and electricity

Theodore von Karman Anniversary Volume, pp. 212–225

California Institute of Technology (Pasadena)

Classical unified field theories.^[256] Co-authored with Bargmann V and Bergmann PG.

Schilpp 289

1941

Science and religion

1st Conference on Science, Philosophy and Religion

Unknown

Philosophy. Reported in the New York Times (September 11, 1940, p. 30, col. 2) and also in Nature, 146, 605–607.

Schilpp 291

1942

Foreword

Introduction to the theory of relativity, p. v

Peter G. Bergmann

Prentice-Hall (New York)

Special and general relativity.^[257]

Schilpp 294

1944

Remarks on Bertrand Russell's theory of knowledge

The philosophy of Bertrand Russell, pp. 277–291

Paul A. Schilpp

Northwestern University (Evanston)

Philosophy.^[258] Volume 5 of the Library of Living Philosophers.

Schilpp 303

1947

The problem of space, ether and the field in physics

Man and the universe, pp. 82–100

Saxe, Commins, and RN Linscott

Random House (New York)

Special and general relativity. Reprinted from The world as I see it.

Schilpp 305

1948

Einstein's theory of relativity

Grolier Encyclopedia, vol. 9, p. 19

Unknown

Grolier Society (New York)

Special and general relativity. Although dated as 1947, the actual issue occurred in 1948.

Schilpp 306

1948

Relativity: essence of the theory of relativity

American Peoples Encyclopedia, vol. 16, col. 604–608

Unknown

Spencer Press (Chicago)

Special and general relativity.

Schilpp 312

1950

Appendix II: Generalized theory of gravitation

The Meaning of Relativity, 3rd edition

Albert Einstein

Princeton University (Princeton)

Classical unified field theories. Appendix II added to the third edition of the Meaning of Relativity (publication #297).

Schilpp 315

1951

Reply to Criticisms: Remarks Concerning the Essays Brought Together in this Co-operative Volume

Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist, Volume II, pp. 665–688

Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor

Harper and Brothers Publishers, Harper Torchbook edition (New York)

History of science and philosophy of physics.^[259] Biographical notes and a summary of Einstein's scientific thinking in his later years.

Schilpp 320

1955

Appendix II: Generalized theory of gravitation

The Meaning of Relativity, 5th edition

Albert Einstein

Princeton University (Princeton)

Classical unified field theories.^[260] Completely revised Appendix II for the fifth and final edition of the Meaning of Relativity (publications #297 and #312).

Books

The following books were written by Einstein. With the exception of publication #278, he had no co-authors.

Index^{[notes 1]}

Year

Book title and English translation^{[notes 2]}

Publisher (Location)

Classification and notes^{[notes 4]}

Schilpp 6

1906

Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen

A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions

Buchdruckerei K. J. Wyss (Bern)

Statistical mechanics.^[261] Inaugural-dissertation from Zürich Universität. Same as (journal) publication #11.

Schilpp 86

1916

Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie

Foundations of the General Theory of Relativity^§

Barth (Leipzig)

General relativity.^[262]

Schilpp 102

1917

Über die spezielle und die allgemeine Relativitätstheorie, gemeinverständlich

On the Special and General Theory of Relativity (A Popular Account)

Vieweg (Braunschweig)

Special and general relativity.^[263] This is volume 38 (Heft 38) in the series Sammlung Vieweg. Other editions and translations are found in publications #110, 129, 130, 137–141, 154, 169 and 215.

Schilpp 110

1918

Über die spezielle und die allgemeine Relativitätstheorie, gemeinverständlich, 3rd edition

On the Special and General Theory of Relativity (A Popular Account)

Vieweg (Braunschweig)

Special and general relativity. Other editions and translations are found in publication #102 and 129, 130, 137–141, 154, 169 and 215.

Schilpp 129

1920

Über die spezielle und die allgemeine Relativitätstheorie, gemeinverständlich, 10th edition

On the Special and General Theory of Relativity (A Popular Account)

Vieweg (Braunschweig)

Special and general relativity. The first edition of this book is listed as publication #102. Editions of this work were published until 1922 (the 14th edition). Editions 10–14 contained an additional section "Rotverschiebung der Spectrallinien" (Redshift of spectral lines) in the appendix.

Schilpp 131

1920

Äther und Relativitätstheorie: Rede gehalten am 5. Mai 1920 an der Reichs-Universität zu Leiden

Aether and Relativity Theory: A Talk Given on May 5, 1920 at the University of Leiden^§

Springer Verlag (Berlin)

Special and general relativity.^[264] The French, English, and Italian translations are listed as publications #145, 152, and 153, respectively. An undated Polish translation by L. Freundenheim, Eter a teorja wzglednosci, was published in Lviv.

Schilpp 143

1921

Geometrie und Erfahrung, Erweiterte Fassung des Festvortrages gehalten an der Preussischen Akademie

Geometry and Experience: Expanded Edition of the Celebratory Lecture Given at the Prussian Academy^§

Springer Verlag (Berlin)

General relativity.^[265] The original paper is found as (journal) publication #148. French, English and Italian translations are listed as publications #144, 152, and 153. An undated Polish translation, Geometrja a doswiadczenie, was published in Lviv.

Schilpp 156

1922

Vier Vorlesungen über Relativitätstheorie, gehalten im Mai 1921, an der Universität Princeton

Vier Vorlesungen über Relativitästheorie, 1923

Four Lectures on Relativity Theory, Given in May 1921 at Princeton University^§

Vieweg (Braunschweig)

Special and general relativity. German text of publication #143. A second printing by Vieweg is dated 1923.

Schilpp 157

1922

Untersuchungen über die Theorie der Brownschen Bewegungen

Investigations of Brownian Motion^§

Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft (Leipzig)

Statistical mechanics. A re-issue of publications #8, 11, 12, 22, and 26 with notes and derivations from the editor, R. Fürth. Released as Nr. 199 of Oswalds Klassiker der exacten Wissenschaften. An English translation appeared as publication #198.

Schilpp 168

1923

Grundgedanken und Probleme der Relativitätstheorie

Fundamental Ideas and Problems of Relativity Theory^§

Imprimerie royale (Stockholm)

Special and general relativity.^[266] Nobel prize lecture, delivered before the Nordische Naturforscherversammlung in Göteborg. Reprinted in Nobelstiftelsen, Les prix Nobel en 1921–22.

Schilpp 264

1933

On the Method of Theoretical Physics

Clarendon Press (Oxford)

Philosophy of physics.^[267] The Herbert Spenser lecture at Oxford University, delivered on June 10, 1933.

Schilpp 265

1933

Origins of the General Theory of Relativity

Jackson (Glasgow)

General relativity.^[268] Lecture at the University of Glasgow, delivered June 20, 1933.

Schilpp 266

1933

Les fondements de la théorie de la relativité générale

Foundations of the General Theory of Relativity^§

Hermann (Paris)

General relativity. French translations of publications #89 and 251 by Maurice Solovine, together with a new essay by Einstein, "Sur la structure cosmologique de l'espace", which discusses the cosmological implications of general relativity, together with its historical antecedents.

Schilpp 278

1938

The Evolution of Physics: The Growth of Ideas from Early Concepts to Relativity and Quanta

Simon and Schuster (New York)

History of physics. Co-authored with Infeld L.

Schilpp 279

1938

Die Physik als Abenteuer der Erkenntnis

Physics as an Adventure of the Mind^§

Sijthoff (Leiden)

Philosophy of physics.

Schilpp 297

1945

The Meaning of Relativity

Princeton University (Princeton)

Special and general relativity.^[269] Second edition of publication #142, with a long appendix covering various topics such as the cosmological implications of general relativity. The appendix was translated by Ernst G. Straus. A "third edition" was published in 1946 by Methuen (London), but it is identical except for a change in pagination. The true third, fourth and fifth editions appeared in 1950, 1953 and 1956, respectively. In the 3rd, Einstein added Appendix II on a generalized theory of gravitation, which was substantially revised for the fifth and final edition.

Authorized translations

The following translations of his work were authorized by Einstein.

Index^{[notes 1]}	Year	Book title	Translator	Publisher (Location)	Classification and notes^{[notes 4]}
Schilpp 128	1920	The Principle of Relativity: Original Papers	MN Saha and SN Bose	University of Calcutta (Kolkata)	Special and general relativity.^[270] Includes English translations of (journal) publications #9 and 89, with a historical introduction by PC Mahalanobis. The work of Hermann Minkowski is also included.
Schilpp 130	1920	Relativity, the Special and the General Theory: A Popular Exposition	Robert W Lawson	Methuen (London)	Special and general relativity. Authorized translation of the 5th German edition of Ueber die spezielle und die allgemeine Relativitaetstheorie, gemeinverstaendlich (cf. publications #102, 110, 129). The text also includes Dr. Lawson's biographical sketch of Albert Einstein, a short bibliography on relativity theory and an appendix written for this edition entitled "Experimental confirmation of the general theory of relativity". Up to 10 editions were published by Methuen, the last in 1931.
Schilpp 137	1921	Relativity, the Special and the General Theory: A Popular Exposition	RW Lawson	Holt (New York)	Special and general relativity. Effectively the same as publication #130. Later imprints were Smith (New York, 1931) and Hartsdale House, Inc. (New York, 1947).
Schilpp 138	1921	Teoría de la relatividad especial y general	F. Lorente de Nó	Peláez (Toledo)	Special and general relativity. Spanish translation of publication #129. Two later editions were Ruiz de Lara (Cuenca, 1923) and Medina (Toledo, 1925).
Schilpp 139	1921	Sulla teoria speciale e generale della relatività: Volgarizzazione	G. L. Calisse	Zanichelli (Bologna)	Special and general relativity. Italian translation of publication #129.
Schilpp 140	1921	Teoriia Otnositel'nosti: Obshchedostypnoe Izlozhenie	G. B. Itel'son	Slowo (Berlin)	Special and general relativity. Russian translation of publication #129. Re-published in 1922 with the same imprint.
Schilpp 141	1921	La théorie de la relativité restreinte et géneralisée	Mlle. J. Rouviere	Gauthier (Paris)	Special and general relativity. French translation of publication #129.
Schilpp 142	1921	The Meaning of Relativity: Four Lectures Delivered at Princeton University	Edwin P. Adams	Princeton University Press (Princeton)	Special and general relativity.^[271] Reprinted in 1922 and 1923. Also released in 1922 and 1924 under the imprint Methuen (London). Translations are found in publications #166, 167, and 179, whereas the German text is listed as publication #156. A second edition was also released; see publication #297.
Schilpp 144	1921	La géometrie et l'expérience	Maurice Solovine	Gauthier (Paris)	General relativity. French translation of publication #143. A second edition was also published by Gauthier in 1934.
Schilpp 145	1921	L'éther et la théorie de la relativité	Maurice Solovine	Gauthier (Paris)	Special and general relativity. French translation of publication #131. Reprinted in 1925.
Schilpp 152	1922	Sidelights on Relativity: I. Ether and Relativity. II. Geometry and Experience	GB Jeffrey and W Perrett	Methuen (London)	Special and general relativity. Translation of publications #131 and 143. Republished in 1923 by Dutton (New York) imprint. The second part, Geometry and Experience, was published separately in 1947 as chapter 8 of Methods of the sciences from the Chicago University.
Schilpp 153	1922	Prospettive Relativistiche dell'Etere e della Geometria	R. Cantù and T. Bembo	Andare (Milano)	Special and general relativity. Italian translation of publications #131 and 143.
Schilpp 154	1922	A Különleges és az Általános Relativitás, Elmélete	Unknown	Patheon irodalmi (Budapest)	Special and general relativity. Hungarian translation of publication #129.
Schilpp 155	1922	O Fizicheskoi Prirodie Prostranstva	GB Itel'son	Slowo (Berlin)	Special and general relativity. Russian translation of publications #131 and #143 under the title "Physical nature of space".
Schilpp 166	1923	Cztery odczyty o teorji Wzglednosci wygloszone w 1921 na Uniwersytecie w Princeton	A Gottfryda	Renaissance-Verlag (Vienna)	Special and general relativity. Polish translation of publication #142.
Schilpp 167	1923	Matematicheskija Osnovy Teorii Otnositel'nosti	GB Itel'son	Slowo (Berlin)	Special and general relativity. Russian translation of publication #142.
Schilpp 169	1923	[A Popular Exposition of the Special and General Theories of Relativity]	Unknown	Gitlina (Warsaw)	Special and general relativity. Yiddish translation (in Hebrew characters) of publication #129.
Schilpp 179	1924	Quatre conférences sur la théorie de la relativité, faîtes à l'université de Princeton	Maurice Solovine	Gauthier (Paris)	Special and general relativity. French translation of publication #142. A second printing was dated 1925.
Schilpp 189	1925	Sur l'électrodynamique des corps en mouvement	Maurice Solovine	Gauthier (Paris)	Special relativity. French translation of publications #9 and 10, part of the series Maîtres de la pensée scientifique.
Schilpp 198	1926	Investigations on the Theory of the Brownian Movement (R. Fürth, ed.)	AD Cowper	Methuen (London)	Statistical mechanics. English translation of publication #157. Also published under the Dutton imprint in New York.
Schilpp 215	1928	Al Torath Ha-Yahasiuth Ha-Peratith Weha-Kelalith (Harzaah Popularith)	Jacob Greenberg	Dvir (Tel Aviv)	Special and general relativity. Hebrew translation of publication #129.
Schilpp 280	1938	Drie Eeuwen Physica van Galilei tot Relativiteitstheorie en Quantumtheorie	MC Geerling	Centen (Amsterdam)	History of physics. Dutch translation of publication #279.
Schilpp 281	1938	L'évolution des idées en physique des premiers concepts aux théories de la relativité et des quanta	Maurice Solovine	Flammarion (Paris)	History of physics. French translation of publication #279.
Schilpp 304	1948	El Significado de la Relatividad	Dr. Carlos E. Prelat	Espasa-Calpe (Buenos Aires)	Special and general relativity. Spanish translation of publication #297.

Footnotes

1 2 3 4 These Index numbers are taken from the Schilpp reference cited in the Bibliography, pp. 694–730, and from the Collected Papers of Albert Einstein published by Princeton University Press. The latter are indicated by a CP in italic type, the volume number in boldface type, and by the article number within that volume.
1 2 3 4 The translations of article titles are generally taken from the published volumes of Einstein's collected papers. For some articles, however, such official translations are not available; unofficial translations are indicated with a ^§ superscript.
↑ The volume number is given in boldface type. Terms such as "ser. 4" in the journal name refer to the series of the journal, which is a grouping of volumes. For example, a journal may appear in yearly volumes for 60 years (volumes 1–60), then start its volume numbering anew in a second series.
1 2 3 4 The subject classification of Einstein's articles are the first item, and are indicated in boldface type. Any co-authors are always indicated by the second item.

References

The following references are drawn from Abraham Pais' biography of Albert Einstein, Subtle is the Lord; see the Bibliography for a complete reference.

↑ Whittaker, E. (1 November 1955). "Albert Einstein. 1879-1955". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 1: 37–67. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005. JSTOR 769242.
↑ Pais, pp. 364–388, 402–422.
↑ Pais, pp. 402–415.
↑ Pais, pp. 93–100.
↑ Pais, pp. 90–92.
↑ Pais, pp. 111–174.
↑ Pais A (1988). Inward Bound: Of Matter and Forces in the Physical World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 232–234. ISBN 978-0-19-851997-3.
↑ Pais, pp. 389–401.
↑ Pais, p. 394.
↑ Pais, pp. 177–324.
↑ Weinberg, S (1972). Gravitation and Cosmology. New York: John Wiley and Sons. pp. 175–210. ISBN 978-0-471-92567-5.
↑ R.V. Pound and G.A. Rebka, Jr. "Gravitational Red-Shift in Nuclear Resonance" Phys. Rev. Lett. 3 439–441 (1959)
↑ Muhlfelder, B., Mac Keiser, G., and Turneaure, J., Gravity Probe B Experiment Error, poster L1.00027 presented at the American Physical Society (APS) meeting in Jacksonville, Florida, on April 14–17, 2007, 2007.
↑ Gerssen, Joris; van der Marel, Roeland P.; Gebhardt, Karl; Guhathakurta, Puragra; Peterson, Ruth C.; Pryor, Carlton (December 2002). "Hubble Space Telescope Evidence for an Intermediate-Mass Black Hole in the Globular Cluster M15. II. Kinematic Analysis and Dynamical Modeling". The Astronomical Journal. 124 (6): 3270–3288. arXiv:astro-ph/0209315. Bibcode:2002AJ....124.3270G. doi:10.1086/344584.
"Hubble Discovers Black Holes in Unexpected Places". HubbleSite. September 17, 2002. Retrieved 2007-10-31.
↑ J. M. Weisberg and J. H. Taylor, Relativistic Binary Pulsar B1913+16: Thirty Years of Observations and Analysis, July 2004.
↑ Pais, p. 412.
↑ Knudson SK (2006). "The Old Quantum Theory for H₂⁺: Some Chemical Implications". Journal of Chemical Education. 83 (3): 464–472. Bibcode:2006JChEd..83..464K. doi:10.1021/ed083p464.
Strand MP, Reinhardt WP (1979). "Semiclassical quantization of the low lying electronic states of H₂⁺". Journal of Chemical Physics. 70 (8): 3812–3827. Bibcode:1979JChPh..70.3812S. doi:10.1063/1.437932.
↑ Pais, pp. 405–407.
↑ Pais, pp. 423–439.
↑ Pais, pp. 440–459.
↑ Pais, pp. 325–354.
↑ Pais, Chap. 3, ref. E13; Chap. 4, ref. E5.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E6.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, p. 57.
↑ Pais, Chap. 3, ref. E21; Chap. 4, ref. E10.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, refs. E11 and E49.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E12; Chap. 5, ref. E17; Chap. 19, ref. E7.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E13; Chap. 7, ref. E7; Chap. 19, ref. E5; Chap. 23, ref. E2.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, refs. E4 and E17; Chap. 5, ref. E2.
↑ Pais, Chap. 6, ref. E5; Chap. 7, ref. E1; Chap. 11, ref. E10; Chap. 26, ref. E13.
↑ Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E9; Chap. 26, ref. E14.
↑ Pais, Chap. 5, ref. E5.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E18; Chap. 5, ref. E8.
↑ Pais, Chap. 19, ref. E8.
↑ Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E10; Chap. 8, ref. E6.
↑ Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E21.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E21; Chap. 20, refs. E1 and E2.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E22; Chap. 5, ref. E9; Chap. 29, ref. E3.
↑ Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E5.
↑ Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E22.
↑ Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E23; Chap. 8, ref. E5.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E23; Chap. 6, ref. E7; Chap. 7, refs. E3, E11, and E15; Chap. 8, refs. E1 and E4; Chap. 9, ref. E3; Chap. 11, ref. E9.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E19; Chap. 5, ref. E11.
1 2 Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E18; Chap. 29, ref. E1.
↑ Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E19; Chap. 29, ref. E2.
↑ Pais, Chap. 10, ref. E4; Chap. 29, ref. E5.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E20; Chap. 5, ref. E12.
↑ Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E25.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, refs. E24 and E47; Chap. 10, ref. E2; Chap. 21, ref. E2.
↑ Pais, Chap. 29, ref. R1.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E25; Chap. 7, ref. E27; Chap. 10, ref. E3; Chap. 12, ref. E25; Chap. 19, ref. E11; Chap. 21, ref. E3; Chap. 26, ref. E15.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E26; Chap. 29, ref. E10.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E27; Chap. 21, ref. E12; Chap. 29, ref. E11.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E29; Chap. 5, E10.
↑ Pais, Chap. 7, refs. E16 and E28; Chap. 10, ref. E8.
↑ Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E26.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E9.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E30; Chap. 20, ref. E3.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E2.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, refs. E15 and E30; Chap. 5, ref. E7.
↑ Pais, p. 92.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E31; Chap. 20, ref. E4.
↑ Pais, Chap. 11, ref. E8; Chap. 13, ref. E4.
↑ Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E29.
↑ Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E4.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E32; Chap. 19, ref. E10.
↑ Pais, Chap. 9, refs. E6 and E7; Chap. 11, ref. E16; Chap. 13, refs. E2 and E5.
↑ Pais, pp. 201–206.
↑ Pais, Chap. 11, ref. E17; Chap. 12, refs. E10 and E33; Chap. 13, ref. E2.
↑ Pais, Chap. 19, ref. E10.
↑ Pais, Chap. 12, ref. E17; Chap. 13, ref. E6.
↑ Pais, Chap. 13, ref. E7.
↑ Pais, Chap. 11, ref. E19; Chap. 12, ref. E24; Chap. 15, ref. E36.
↑ Pais, Chap. 12, ref. E29; Chap. 13, ref. E1; Chap. 14, ref. E23; Chap. 15, ref. E37.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E34; Chap. 14, ref. E36; Chap. 20, ref. E6; Chap. 29, ref. E13.
↑ Pais, p. 397.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E33.
1 2 3 Pais, Chap. 12, ref. E36.
↑ Pais, Chap. 16, ref. E53; Chap. 19, refs. E2 and E6.
↑ Pais, Chap. 13, ref. E11; Chap. 15, ref. E39.
↑ Pais, Chap. 13, ref. E18; Chap. 29, ref. E15.
1 2 Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E5a.
↑ Pais, Chap. 20, ref. E8.
↑ Pais, Chap. 14, ref. E6; Chap. 15, ref. E37.
↑ Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E35; Chap. 16, ref. E53a.
↑ Pais, Chap. 13, ref. E11.
↑ Pais, Chap. 13, ref. E13.
↑ Pais, Chap. 14, ref. E12.
↑ Pais, Chap. 12, ref. E30; Chap. 14, ref. E16; Chap. 15, ref. E13.
↑ Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E30; Chap. 13, ref. E12.
↑ Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E34; Chap. 14, ref. E10; Chap. 16, ref. E38.
↑ Pais, Chap. 12, ref. E37.
↑ Pais, Chap. 14, ref. E34.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E28; Chap. 14, ref. E30.
↑ Pais, Chap. 14, ref. E33.
↑ Pais, Chap. 14, ref. E32.
↑ Pais, Chap. 14, ref. E28.
↑ Pais, Chap. 14, refs. E44, E45 and E46; Chap. 15, ref. E14
↑ Pais, pp. 250–253.
↑ Pais, Chap. 14, refs. E48 and E50; Chap. 15, ref. E1; Chap. 16, ref. E30.
↑ Pais, Chap. 14, ref. E1; Chap. 15, ref. E15.
↑ Pais, Chap. 14, ref. E35.
↑ Pais, Chap. 12, refs. E27 and E31; Chap. 15, ref. E6.
↑ Pais, Chap. 13, ref. E3a.
↑ Pais, Chap. 14, ref. E37.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E35; Chap. 15, ref. E21; Chap. 21, ref. E9.
↑ Pais, pp. 410–412.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E36; Chap. 15, ref. E21; Chap. 21, ref. E10.
↑ Pais, Chap. 16, ref. E54.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E26.
1 2 Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E6.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E20.
↑ Pais, Chap. 14, ref. E51.
↑ Pais, Chap. 14, ref. E55; Chap. 15, ref. E16.
↑ Pais, Chap. 21, ref. E17.
↑ Pais, Chap. 16, ref. E55.
↑ Pais, Chap. 5, ref. E16.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E37; Chap. 21, ref. E11; Chap. 26, ref. E16.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E40; Chap. 29, ref. E17.
↑ Pais, Chap. 21, ref. E18.
↑ Pais, Chap. 1, ref. E1.
1 2 Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E42.
↑ Pais, Chap. 16, ref. E56.
1 2 Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E19a.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E22.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E42b.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E19b; Chap. 17, ref. E33.
↑ Pais, Chap. 16, ref. E28.
1 2 Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E43; Chap. 17, ref. E17.
↑ Pais, Chap. 2, ref. E2.
↑ Pais, Chap. 1, ref. E2.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E16; Chap. 5, ref. E14.
↑ Pais, Chap. 20, ref. E7.
↑ J. L. van Velsen, Notes on the page proof and publication, May 2012.
↑ Pais, Chap. 16, ref. E44.
↑ Pais, Chap. 9, ref. E1.
↑ Pais, Chap. 8, ref. E7; Chap. 12, ref. E22.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E34.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E6; Chap. 21, ref. E19.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E42a.
↑ Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E36; Chap. 29, ref. E68.
↑ Pais, Chap. 16, ref. E60.
↑ Pais, Chap. 21, ref. E20.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E7; Chap. 21, ref. E22; Chap. 29, ref. E23.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, refs. E45 and E46.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E11; Chap. 29, ref. E26.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E8; Chap. 29, ref. E18.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E38.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, refs. E35 and E36.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E37.
↑ Pais, Chap. 26, ref. E20; Chap. 29, ref. E19.
↑ Pais, Chap. 1, ref. E7; Chap. 15, ref. E35; Chap. 16, ref. E72.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E10; Chap. 21, ref. E23; Chap. 29, ref. E24.
↑ Pais, Chap. 21, ref. E24.
↑ Pais, Chap. 16, ref. E59.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E39; Chap. 23, ref. E8.
↑ Bose, SN (1924). "Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese". Zeitschrift für Physik (in German). 26: 178–181. Bibcode:1924ZPhy...26..178B. doi:10.1007/BF01327326.
↑ Anderson, MH; Ensher, JR; Matthews, MR; Wieman, Carl; Cornell, Eric (1995). "Observation of Bose–Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor". Science. 269 (5221): 198–201. Bibcode:1995Sci...269..198A. doi:10.1126/science.269.5221.198. JSTOR 2888436. PMID 17789847.
↑ Pais, Chap. 23, ref. E6.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E38.
↑ Pais, Chap. 26, ref. E33.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E40; Chap. 23, ref. E7; Chap. 24, ref. E2.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E41; Chap. 23, ref. E11.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, refs. E15 and E44; Chap. 29, ref. E20.
↑ Pais, Chap. 23, ref. E9.
↑ Pais, Chap. 12, ref. E2; Chap. 16, ref. E63.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E12.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E13.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E14.
↑ Pais, Chap. 6, ref. E2a.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E44; Chap. 17, ref. E48.
↑ Pais, Chap. 1, ref. E9; Chap. 26, ref. E1.
↑ Pais, Chap. 1, ref. E12.
↑ Pais, Chap. 16, ref. E52.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, refs. E19 and E20.
↑ Pais, Chap. 14, ref. E52b; Chap. 15, ref. E56; Chap. 26, refs. E28 and E29; Chap. 29, ref. E21.
↑ Pais, Chap. 25, ref. E12.
↑ Pais, Chap. 8, ref. E11.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E50.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E51a.
↑ Pais, Chap. 16, ref. E76.
↑ Pais, Chap. 2, ref. E4; Chap. 19, ref. E1; Chap. 26, ref. E23.
↑ Pais, Chap. 16, ref. E67.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E52; Chap. 29, ref. E22.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E54; Chap. 29, refs. E31 and E33.
↑ Pais, Chap. 14, ref. E49a; Chap. 16, ref. E68.
↑ Pais, Chap. 16, ref. E57.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E10; Chap. 17, ref. E60.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E58.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E51.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E59.
↑ Pais, Chap. 16, ref. E70.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E55.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E66; Chap. 29, ref. E34.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E67.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E57; Chap. 26, ref. E30.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E11; Chap. 17, ref. E61.
↑ Pais, Chap. 25, ref. E15; Chap. 29, ref. E47.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E48.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E68.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E24; Chap. 29, ref. E36.
↑ Pais, Chap. 16, ref. E64.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E26; Chap 26, ref. E31.
↑ Pais, Chap. 6, ref. E10.
↑ Pais, Chap. 6, ref. E11; Chap. 16, ref. E65.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E49; Chap. 29, ref. E48.
↑ Pais, Chap. 16, ref. E69.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E62.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E27; Chap. 29, ref. E37.
↑ Pais, Chap. 25, ref. E23; Chap. 29, ref. E38.
↑ Pais, Chap. 25, ref. E16.
↑ Pais, Chap. 25, ref. E21; Chap. 29, ref. E40.
↑ Pais, Chap. 25, ref. E22; Chap. 29, ref. E41.
↑ Pais, Chap. 29, ref. E45.
↑ Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E24.
↑ Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E12.
↑ Pais, Chap. 25, ref. E27; Chap. 29, ref. E49.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E53a; Chap. 26, ref. E32; Chap. 29, ref. E50.
↑ Pais, Chap. 26, ref. E2.
↑ Pais, Chap. 29, ref. E51.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E12b.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E23; Chap. 29, ref. E52; Chap. 29, ref. E61.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E59; Chap. 29, refs. E58 and E63.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E29.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E53.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E60; Chap. 29, ref. E59.
↑ Pais, Chap. 16, ref. E80; Chap. 26, ref. E34.
↑ Pais, Chap. 29, ref. E70.
↑ Pais, Chap. 20, ref. E10.
↑ Pais, Chap. 29, ref. E69.
↑ Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E8; Chap. 17, ref. E71; Chap. 29, ref. E66.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E72; Chap. 29, ref. E67.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E73.
↑ Pais, Chap. 29, ref. E72
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E77; Chap. 29, ref. E73.
↑ Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E13.
↑ Pais, Chap. 25, ref. E28; Chap. 27, ref. E2.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E74.
↑ Pais, Chap. 29, ref. E60.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E75.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E83.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E76; Chap. 29, ref. E54.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E78; Chap. 29, ref. E75.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E79; Chap. 29, ref. E76.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, refs. E42, E44 and E53; Chap. 19, ref. E12; Chap. 22, ref. E11.
↑ Pais, Chap. 4, ref. E43; Chap. 5, ref. E6.
↑ Pais, Chap. 6, ref. E8; Chap. 7, refs. E31 and E32; Chap. 14, refs. E11 and E29.
↑ Pais, Chap. 2, ref. E1.
↑ Pais, Chap. 16, ref. E74.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E43.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E56.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E55; Chap. 16, ref. E58; Chap. 25, ref. E6; Chap. 26, ref. E19.
↑ Pais, Chap. 1, ref. E8.
1 2 Pais, Chap. 16, ref. E77.
↑ Pais, Chap. 29, ref. E57.
↑ Pais, Chap. 29, ref. E64.
↑ Pais, Chap. 29, ref. E65.
↑ Pais, Chap. 16, ref. E75.
↑ Pais, Chap. 1, refs. E6 and E11; Chap. 4, ref. E1; Chap. 6, ref. E6; Chap. 10, ref. E22; Chap. 15, ref. E27; Chap. 22, ref. E2; Chap. 26, ref. E3; Chap. 27, ref. E3.
↑ Pais, Chap. 17, ref. E81.
↑ Pais, Chap. 3, ref. E25; Chap. 4, ref. E14; Chap. 5, ref. E3.
↑ Pais, Chap. 7, ref. E20; Chap. 12, ref. E21; Chap. 15, ref. E7.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E8a.
↑ Pais, Chap. 16, ref. E39.
↑ Pais, Chap. 12, ref. E22.
↑ Pais, Chap. 6, ref. E4.
↑ Pais, Chap. 2, ref. E7; Chap. 8, ref. E20; Chap. 17, ref. E70; Chap. 25, ref. E17; Chap. 26, ref. E4.
↑ Pais, Chap. 10, ref. E21; Chap. 14, ref. E52a; Chap. 15, ref. E2; Chap. 25, ref. E20.
↑ Pais, Chap. 6, ref. E9; Chap. 7, ref. E33; Chap. 15, refs. E50 and E54.
↑ Pais, Chap. 15, ref. E8.
↑ Pais, Chap. 6, ref. E1.

Bibliography

Einstein, Albert (1989). The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Volume 2: The Swiss Years: Writings, 1900–1909 (English translation supplement; translated by Anna Beck, with Peter Havas, consultant ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-08549-4.
Einstein, Albert (1994). The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Volume 3: The Swiss Years: Writings, 1909–1911 (English translation supplement; translated by Anna Beck, with Don Howard, consultant ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-10250-4.
Einstein, Albert (1996). The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Volume 4: The Swiss Years: Writings, 1912–1914 (English translation supplement; translated by Anna Beck, with Don Howard, consultant ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-02610-7.
Einstein, Albert (1997). The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Volume 6: The Berlin Years: Writings, 1914–1917 (English translation supplement; translated by Alfred Engel, with Engelbert Schucking, consultant ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-01734-1.
Einstein, Albert (2002). The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Volume 7: The Berlin Years: Writings, 1918–1921 (English translation supplement; translated by Alfred Engel, with Engelbert Schucking, consultant ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-05718-7.
Pais, Abraham (1982). Subtle is the Lord: The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-520438-4.
Schilpp, Paul Arthur, ed. (1951). Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist, Volume II. New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition).

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