List of bicycle-sharing systems
This is a list of bicycle-sharing systems. As of August 2014, more than 600 cities worldwide had a bike-sharing program.[1][2][3]
Europe
Advertising company JCDecaux launched its "Cyclocity" programs initially in Lyon, France, and subsequently in Paris and many other cities in Europe such as Córdoba, Vienna and Kazan, as well as cities outside of Europe, such as Brisbane, Australia. Payment for using the bikes is done with special smart cards.
With financial aid from Barclays, Transport for London launched a Cycle Hire scheme in London, where hire under 30 minutes is free from special bicycle stands across the city, after a daily, monthly or annual charge has been paid.[4]
Competitor Clear Channel, then operating as Adshel, opened the first example of this in Rennes in 1997, and has several other sites including Oslo, Stockholm, Sandnes and Trondheim, most generally similar to that offered by their competitor.
A different financial model called bicing is used in Barcelona, which is paid for by car owners parking on public streets and not by advertising – which is contracted to JCDecaux in some places.[5]
Austria
In 2001 the city of Vienna implemented a first version of a bike sharing system following the example of Copenhagen. Unfortunately, Viennabike failed and its shortcomings were fixed in the second implementation called Citybike Wien which started 2003 and became a huge success. It is operated by Gewista and comprises 1500 bikes distributed to 121 stations with 3097 slots.[6] In 2015 more than 1 million trips and more than 100 000 new registrations were recorded. Registration is possible using credit cards, too. There is no fee for the first rental hour, additional hours are charged starting with €1.[7]
Belgium
The Villo! system was launched in Brussels in 2009, and is operated by JCDecaux. It's the company's second biggest bicycle rental system after Paris in terms of quantity. At the beginning of April 2015, it had 4115 bikes across 346 stations.[8]
In Antwerp, a bike system called Velo went public in 2011. It's operated by Clear Channel and registered 2558657 journeys in 2013.[9]
Bulgaria
Burgas is the first Bulgarian city to introduce a public rent-a-bike system. The scheme is called VeloBurgas and has 10 access points with 120 bikes in operation. The rent-a-bike system works with cards, SMS, and POS. Prices range from 0.50 to 1 lev per hour.[10]
Cyprus
Bike in Action operates in the greater Nicosia area, similar to programmes employed in various cities of Cyprus. Bicycles can be found at stations in all participating municipalities (Agios Dometios, Aglandjia, Dali, Engomi, Latsia, Pallouriotissa, Strovolos) and returned after their use at any station. Bike in Action includes more than 310 bikes distributed in 27 full automated Smoove stations which cover the wide Nicosia area. All the rental stations are connected with the banking system and access to the bikes can be obtained with the use of a credit card.[11]
Denmark
Copenhagen was among the first cities in the world to have a free bike scheme called City Bikes,[12] which was paid by advertising on the bikes.
In late 2013, Copenhagen started a new program with electric bikes. The first phase of this program, with 1860 bikes and 105 docking stations, is to be completed in early 2016.[13]
Finland
A new City Bikes scheme in Helsinki went live in 2016, run by Helsinki City Transport (HKL), in collaboration with Moventia and Smoove. In the summer of 2016, City Bikes has 500 bikes in 50 locations, with the aim of increasing this to 1500 bikes in 150 locations by summer 2017.
France
French cities offering a bicycle sharing system include Marseille, Lyon, Bordeaux, Nice, Toulouse, Rennes, Rouen, La Rochelle, Orléans, Montpellier, Nantes, Lille, Strasbourg, Clermont-Ferrand, Avignon, Saint-Étienne, Chalon sur Saône, Belfort, Lorient, Annemasse, Valence, and Aix-en-Provence.
The launch of Velo'v in Lyon, France in 2005 was an effort to improve on the disappointing performance of the traditional municipal public bike-sharing model. In an attempt to improve upon the results of the discontinued Bikeabout program at the University of Portsmouth, Velo'v utilised "smart" technology to reduce theft, user damage, and vandalism. Considered to be a city less than friendly to cyclists prior to 2005, the Velo'v programme is credited with stimulating an increase of 500% in bicycle trips within the city, a quarter of which used the bike sharing system.[14][15]
A resurgence in bike sharing programmes is attributed by many to the launching in 2007 of Paris's Vélib', a network of 18,000 specially designed bicycles distributed among 1,230 stations throughout Paris. Vélib', inspired by Lyon's seminal Vélo'v project, is now considered the second largest bike-sharing system of its kind in the world. 80 percent of Vélib's original 20,600 bicycles have been destroyed or stolen.[16] Some Vélib' cycles have been found in Eastern Europe and North Africa, while others have been dumped in the Seine River, hung from lampposts, or abandoned on the roadside in various states of disrepair, forcing the City of Paris to reimburse the programme operator an estimated $2 million per year for excess costs under its contractual agreement.[17]
Germany
Germany has bike-sharing programmes in many cities, including Aachen, Berlin, Cologne, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Hamburg (StadtRAD Hamburg), Karlsruhe, Kassel (Konrad), Mainz (MVGmeinRad), Munich and Stuttgart. The station-based system Metropolradruhr is located in the Ruhr Area. Bike-sharing stations are also located in over 50 ICE railway stations.[18][19]
Greece
The only city with automated bicycle rental for public use implemented in Greece is Corfu, the capital of the Ionian Islands. It was installed in the middle of November 2010 and operates under the auspices of the Municipality of Corfu. The program is called EasyBike, is fully automated and includes one hundred bicycles which are distributed in eight rental stations throughout the town. The method of operation is similar to other such systems in Europe. Residents can obtain from the Municipality a special electronic subscriber card, which gives them access to bicycles and occasional users and visitors can use their credit card at the rental stations to rent a bicycle.[20] The system also gives the ability to occasional users to obtain a code and gain access to bicycles through an IVR automated system by using their credit card. EasyBike bike sharing system is developed by Brainbox under a Smoove license, which is the first Greek company to implement a bike sharing project in Greece.[21]
In Greece, there are also other programmes similar to bicycle sharing systems, which however are not automated. The first, running from early 2010, is in the northern suburb of Nea Erithréa, in Attica, while the second is that of the Municipality of Nafpaktos, which has been in operation since mid June 2010. In these programmes, the residents rent the bike directly from the municipality. Specifically, in the programme implemented in Nea Erithréa bicycles are rented for one week to six months, on condition that the person concerned must submit to the Municipality the sum of 75 euros as a guarantee. In Nafpaktos, bicycles are rented for up to two months for free.[22] In 2011, the municipality of Heraklion in Crete purchased 100 bicycles from the bike-sharing company Brainbox, the developer of EasyBike[23] system while free distribution of bicycles from the municipality had already started from April 2010.[24]
The latest non-automated system to be introduced in Greece (May 2012) is that of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, in Salonica, Northern Greece. It presents 60 public bikes available for the University community. The system has no electronic rental stations and the delivery and return of the bikes is made by students working part-time on the project.[25]
Hungary
The first public bicycle sharing service in Hungary was implemented in Esztergom on 20 September 2013. The Esztergom Bicycle or EBI was developed by Neuzer, a local bicycle manufacturing company.[26] The system operates with 93 bikes and 9 docking stations.[27]
The country's second bike sharing system in Szeged is CityBike Szeged. It has been in operation since 1 October 2013.[28][29] The BuBi system, with 76 docks and 1,100 bicycles, opened in 2014 in Budapest.[30]
GyőrBike opened on 7 September 2015 in Győr with 23 docks and 180 bicycles.[31]
The Kaposvári Tekergő opened on 27 October 2015 in Kaposvár with 4 docking stations, 26 e-bikes and 6 e-rollers[32]
Ireland
In September 2009 Dublin launched a bike-share scheme known as dublinbikes operated by JCDecaux. It is considered one of the most successful bike sharing schemes in the world. With an initial 450 bicycles, the plan reached 1 million uses in less than a year.[33] As of June 2013 the scheme has had fewer than 12 bikes stolen or damaged.[34] In recent times progress has stalled with only 2 of 14 phases being rolled out. Currently the scheme loses €376,000 a year, leading to further expansion of Dublin Bikes being put on hold.
Italy
Milan has the largest and oldest bike sharing system in Italy, BikeMi, opened in 2008. Another large system exists in Turin since 2011. Several other cities, especially in the north, have smaller bike sharing systems.
Netherlands
The Netherlands has a single nationwide bike sharing program.[35] It's called "OV-fiets", which means 'public transport bike'. 6000 bikes in 252 locations, mainly train stations, all over the country. Membership is required (annual fee €10, €3.15 per rental day) and can be combined with public transport card. The program, which started on a small scale in 2003, has enjoyed a steadily increasing popularity with over 1.53 million rides registered in 2014. The nature of the Dutch bike sharing program differs from that of programs in other countries partly because the already high bike ownership of the population. Its interconnection with the public transport network allows it to fill the need of people who also want to continue traveling by bike from the station of their destination.[36]
Poland
First bike-sharing program was launched in Kraków (Cracow) on 16 September 2008. As of 2016, 12 cities and towns in Poland have bike-sharing programs, most of them operated by nextbike.[37]
Russia
Automated public bicycle sharing services in Russia operate in Moscow, in Sankt-Petersburg and in Kazan. On 1 July 2013, the Bank of Moscow started the system called Velobike, which was replaced on 9 June 2014[38][39] The VeloBike program has 2500 bicycles and 150 stations. It is sponsored by the Bank of Moscow and Sberbank of Russia. It is compatible with Troika, the Moscow public transportation system and accessible to occasional users as well.[40]
Slovakia
There is a community-run bike-sharing program in Bratislava called Whitebikes. It uses the open source Open Source Bike Share system based on an SMS and a web app. It started in 2013 by BikeKitchen initiative and NGO Cyklokoalicia. There are several test-run systems around Slovakia based on this one.
The mayor of Bratislava Ivan Nesrovnal has also announced plans for a public bike-sharing programme.[41]
Sweden
The Stockholm City Bikes system has more than 80 stands and 1,000 bikes, functioning from April to October.[42]
In Gothenburg, the bike sharing system is known as Styr & ställ, it was launched in August 2010. The system has 60 stations and 1,000 bikes. Styr & Ställ is a complement to the public transportation in Gothenburg.[43]
Switzerland
Switzerland possesses a bicycle sharing system managed by Publibike. The network consists of one hundred stations throughout the country.[44] It includes nine stations on the Lausanne campus.[45]
The city of Zürich has a free bike-rental program, "Züri rollt" with several pick-up and drop-off locations.
United Kingdom
Following the failure of the University of Portsmouth's Bikeabout programme in 1998, the introduction of new bicycle share systems proceeded more slowly in the United Kingdom than in the rest of Europe. Outside of London (see below), the largest is the hire-a-bike operation in Blackpool, operated by Hourbike,[46] with 60 stations and 500 bikes in the scheme. This scheme uses both RFID membership cards and instant point of sale memberships to cater for both residential users and the very many visitors that go to the resort every year. Hourbike also has schemes in Lincoln, Reading, Liverpool, Nottingham and Southport in England as well as Dumfries, Scotland.
Some bike-sharing schemes now use mobile phones to reserve or sign out bikes. In the UK, OYBike is delivered small-scale operations at 2 Universities, 3 Business Parks, 3 London Boroughs, and a private hotel chain in London until 2011. Like Munich's Call-a-Bike, OYBike used mobile phone technology to log use and charge for hires and can set up hire points in as little as 10 minutes. Many of the business users can reclaim the cost of leasing bikes and hire points as part of a workplace cycling scheme or green travel plan. Research also reveals that for many major London railway stations an unknown number of the bikes parked are used only a couple of times per week, while the option of replacing these with publicly shared (hire) bikes has rarely been considered by UK rail administrators.
Brompton Bike Hire has 40 docks across 25 major locations in the UK, starting at £2.50 for 24 hours, members can rent a folding Brompton bike. The locations of the docks include London, Birmingham, Manchester, Bristol, Reading, Southampton and Oxford.[47]
London mayor Ken Livingstone promised that an extensive bicycle sharing system modelled on the Paris Vélib' system would be introduced in London during his final term in office.[48] The system is sponsored by Barclays Bank, and known as Barclays Cycle Hire (BCH). BCH is located mainly within the central zone, roughly bounded by the 'Zone 1' area of the Transport for London zoning system, and will comprise 400 docking stations when complete, at roughly 300-metre intervals.[49] BCH initial planning and implementation costs are expected to total more than £140 million over the first six years of the project, exclusive of operating costs. The program commenced operations on 30 June 2010. BCH has received some criticism for its use of commercial advertising and use of communal docking stations, as well as erroneous charges, bicycle and docking station issues, and lack of coverage for the suburbs.[50][51][52][53][54][55] Some users have also found the bikes too heavy and unwieldy, at 23 kilograms (51 lb).[56][57]
Northern Ireland
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Belfast launched a public bike hire scheme on 27 April 2015. The scheme was sponsored by Coca-Cola HBC Northern Ireland and is called Coca-Cola Zero Belfast Bikes. The Department for Regional Development (DRD) is providing initial capital funding for the scheme as part of their Active Travel Demonstration Projects budget. NSL is looking after the daily operation of the scheme, while Nextbike is responsible for the bikes.[58]
There are 33 docking stations with options for expansion depending on securing additional resources and council approval[59][60]
Scotland
Recent expansions to cities in Scotland piggy-backing on the Commonwealth Games 2014 in Glasgow included Glasgow and Stirling.[61][62][63] Stirling's scheme was named "Pedalforth" following a competition in the community and comprises 100 bikes and 11 stations. Glasgow provided 400 bikes across 31 stations in 2014.[64] A system operated by JCDecaux is proposed for Edinburgh.[65]
North America
Canada
The first widely deployed bicycle sharing system in Canada was Bixi Montreal. The Bixi technology was then used in numerous bike sharing systems in North America. Bixi's modular bicycle sharing system was ranked by Time Magazine as the 19th best invention of 2008.[66]
Hamilton, ON: Sobi Hamilton launched in March 2015 with 750 bicycles at over 100 stations.[67]
Montreal, QC: Bixi Montreal began in fall 2008 as a limited-scale pilot project.[68] It has since expanded to 5000 bicycles at 400 stations, making it by far the largest bicycle sharing system in Canada. Although initial program costs were $15 million for planning and implementation of the Bixi project, subsequent additional costs incurred in expanding the program have driven costs upwards of $23 million.[69][70][71]
Ottawa, ON: Capital Bixi launched in 2009 as a pilot program with 100 bicycles and 10 stations. In 2012, it was expanded to 250 bicycles and 25 stations. Its owner, the NCC, sold it to US-based CycleHop in April 2014 when its operator, Montreal-based Bixi, filed for bankruptcy protection in January 2014.[72][73] CycleHop renamed the service to VeloGo and replaced the fleet with all-new 'smart' bicycles, where intelligence (i.e. GPS tracking, etc.) is built into each bicycle, instead of relying on base stations, as with Bixi system. VeloGo began its service in the summer of 2015.[74]
Toronto, ON: Bixi Toronto launched in 2011 with 800 bicycles at 80 stations.[75] In 2013, when Bixi acknowledged that it could not repay its $3.9 million loan to the city, the system was taken over by the Toronto Parking Authority and renamed Bike Share Toronto.[76] Today, its network of 1000 bicycles spread among its 80 stations served commuters in and around downtown Toronto.[77]
Vancouver, BC: launched Mobi (bike share) in July 2016 with 1500 bicycles at 150 stations.[78]
Mexico
In February 2010, the government of Mexico City inaugurated a new bicycle sharing network called EcoBici.[79] With distinctive red and white liveried bicycles, the network as of July 2015 consists of 444 stations with 6,500 bicycles.[80] The system is run by a private company, Clear Channel México, but[81] funded by the government with an initial investment of 75 million pesos. Users of the system are required to purchase an RFID card at a cost of 400 pesos which will provide them with access to the bicycles for one year. Use of a bicycle is free for the first 45 minutes; extra charges are applied for use beyond this time limit. From September 2012 through December 2012, the system will expand from an area covering 6.8 square kilometres to one covering 21 square kilometres, with an increase on the estimated number of users from 30,000 to 100,000.[82] This would make the system the seventh largest in the world behind (not in order): Hangzhou, Paris, Montreal, Barcelona, Lyon and London.[83]
United States
In the United States, public bicycle share programs have largely centered around major cities and universities.[84] Some corporate campuses have private systems.[85] The following is an incomplete list.
Albany, NY: In Fall of 2012, the University at Albany (SUNY) launched a campus bike share which allows students, faculty and staff to take out bike from one of three residential hall locations on campus. With over 30 bikes in the program and still growing the program experienced rapid growth with 381 sign out in Fall 2013 and 1620 sign outs in Fall 2014. The University is currently looking to expand its program by adding more bikes and locations.[86]
Alpharetta, GA offers a bike share program operated by Zagster. Trips under 3 hours are free, and annual memberships are $20. Bikes can be rented from 4 stations throughout Alpharetta.[87] Bikes can be taken anywhere, including Alpharetta's Big Creek Greenway - a 12 foot wide concrete path that stretches 8 scenic miles terminating in Big Creek park.[88]
Atlanta, GA In June 2016, Relay Bike Share launched as the bike share system for the City of Atlanta. The program—operated by Cyclehop, LLC and Social Bicycles, LLC—launched with 100 bicycles at 10 stations throughout the downtown area. The program aims to offer 500 bicycles across the city by the end of 2016.[89]
Austin, TX: In December 2013, Austin B-cycle launched as the bike share system for the City of Austin with 11 stations.[90] It is operated as a public-private partnership between the City of Austin and the non-profit Bike Share of Austin. The current system operates 46 bike share stations 24/7 in the downtown Austin area. Austin B-cycle set a national bike share record for the most checkouts per bicycle in a single day, 10.1 checkouts per bike, on 14 March 2015 during the SXSW festival.[91]
Birmingham, AL launched Zyp Bikeshare in October, 2015. Annual memberships are $75, with weekly passes for $20 and daily passes for $4. Zyp operates 400 bikes over 40 kiosks, with plans to expand over the next few years[92] Bikes can be ridden anywhere in the downtown Birmingham area to Homewood. Once a bike is unlocked, riders have 45 minutes to ride before incurring additional fees if they have not redocked. If a bike is not returned, riders are charged a $1500 fee. As well as traditional bikes, Zyp's fleet also has electric pedal-assist bikes to help rider cover distances or mount hills faster.[93]
Black Rock City, NV: Black Rock City, NV, home of the yearly Burning Man event, has a group that offers bikes to anyone who needs them. Burning Man operates on a gifting economy. The bikes, called "yellow bikes" are free to use and leave anywhere in the city as long as they are not hidden from plain view.
Boston, MA: On 28 July 2011, Boston launched its 60-station, 600-bike Hubway system, sponsored by the shoe manufacturer New Balance and funded in part by a $3 million grant from the Federal Transit Administration. The contract to operate was awarded to Alta Bicycle Share. Bicycle-sharing was greeted with a mix of excitement and skepticism. In its first 2 1/2 months, Hubway recorded 100,000 station-to-station rides, significantly eclipsing the pace of similar systems in Minneapolis (where Nice Ride needed six months to reach that mark) and Denver (where B-cycle needed 7 1/2 months).[94]
Boulder, CO: In May 2011, Boulder, Colorado launched a bicycle sharing system, Boulder B-Cycle, with 100 bicycles and 15 stations. This system, like many in northern latitude cities, closes down during winter months to help preserve the life of the equipment.[95]
Broward County, FL: Broward B-Cycle launched in December 2011 as the country's first county-wide bike share program, with 200 bikes and 20 stations located in several cities within Broward County, including Fort Lauderdale. This system was funded through a public-private partnership with the Florida Department of Transportation providing a $311,000 grant through Broward County, and B-Cycle's sponsors providing the remainder of the initial capital and operating costs.[96]
California: In California, many cities have launched or have stated plans to launch their own bike-sharing programs, including the cities of Anaheim (currently 10 bikes at 1 station, with plans for 100 bikes at 10 stations),[97] Los Angeles (plans for 4000 bikes at 400 stations),[98] Santa Monica (plans for 250 bikes at 25 locations),[99] and San Diego[100] The San Francisco Bay Area's Bay Area Air Quality Management District, in partnership with Alta Bike Share, city governments, and transportation authorities, have announced plans for a pilot regional sharing program in 2013 for the San Francisco Peninsula and San Jose.[101][102]
In the Fall of 2009, the University of California, Irvine introduced its Zotwheels automated bike share program. Students and university employees may sign up for a Zotwheels membership card at an annual cost of $40, which enables the user to check out a bike from any bike station located throughout campus for a maximum of three hours and drop it off at any other station. A$200 charge is imposed for a lost, stolen, or severely damaged bike. Bicycle availability and station operational status may be determined using an interactive map. Revenues from membership fees are sufficient to offset only a small fraction of the total operating costs of the program; all remaining manufacture, installation, maintenance, and implementation costs of the Zotwheels systems and the bicycles themselves are borne by UCI.[103] Zotwheels was developed as a collaboration between the UCI Parking and Transportation Services, The Collegiate Bicycle Company, CSL Ltd, and Miles Data Technologies.[104]
Charleston, SC: In August 2013, the College of Charleston's Office of Sustainability began a bike sharing program.[105] This program's 16 bicycles are free to use for all full-time students, faculty, and staff members.[106]
Chattanooga, TN: In July 2012, the Bike Chattanooga Bicycle Transit System launched in Chattanooga, Tennessee with 300 bikes and 28 solar-powered stations.[107] It was the first large scale bicycle transit system in the Southeast. The system has expanded to 33 stations and had recorded over 78,000 trips by its second anniversary.[108]
Chicago, IL: On 28 June 2013, Chicago launched Divvy, a bike share system with 750 bikes at 75 stations, It has now increased to over 5000 bikes at 580 stations.[109] A much smaller project named Bike and Roll was launched in August 2015.[110]
Cincinnati, OH: In September 2014, Cincinnati Red Bike started operation. It opened with 35 docking stations in downtown, Over the Rhine, University of Cincinnati's main campus and surrounding areas. In 2015 Red Bike expanded to 50 stations with over 300 bikes and has a ridership of 100,000+ per year.[111]
Cleveland, OH: On 21 September 2016, Cleveland launched its UH Bike system, with 250 bicycles and 22 stations distributed around the city. [112][113]
Columbus, OH: On 30 July 2013, CoGo Bike Share started. It opened with 300 bikes and 30 docking stations in downtown and surrounding areas.[114]
Denver, CO: On 22 April 2010, Denver became the first U.S. city with a large-scale smart-technology enabled bicycle sharing system with the launch of Denver B-cycle. The system launched with 45 stations and 450 bicycles throughout downtown, downtown-adjacent neighborhoods, and on higher-education campuses. Denver B-cycle's roots came from the "Freewheelin" bikesharing program which operated for 6 days during the 2008 DNC convention in Denver. In Denver, several B-cycle rental stations are located at RTD Light Rail Platforms. The Denver B-cycle program varies in cost depending on use. Fees range from $8 per day to $80 per year.[115]
Fargo, ND: In March 2015, bicycle advocacy nonprofit Great Rides Fargo launched Great Rides Bike Share, a system with 101 bicycles at 11 stations.[116] The system was launched in partnership with North Dakota State University, where students are enrolled at no additional cost. It was the first system to include integrated card access for enrolled students.[117][118][119]
Honolulu, HI: The City and County of Honolulu supported Bikeshare passing Bikeshare Resolution 14–35 on 14 March 2014. The extensive bikeshare program envisioned for Honolulu includes an impressive network installation of 180 bicycle docking stations containing a total of at 1,700 program owned bikes. The stations will extend from China Town to Waikiki. The program is aimed to begin summer 2015. Additionally, there is currently a small pilot program in Kailua (Honolulu County) with 2 stations.[120]
Houston, TX: In May 2012, Houston launched Houston B-cycle owned and operated by Houston Bike Share a non-profit organization. The bike share system started with 18 bikes at 3 stations, currently 225 bikes at 29 stations located Downtown, Midtown, Montrose, East End, Heights and Museum District. The program is aimed to expand to 1,000 bikes at 100 stations by the end of 2017.[121]
Indianapolis, IN: In May 2014, Indianapolis launched the bike share program called Indiana Pacers Bikeshare with 25 stations and 250 bikes.[122]
Kansas City, MO: In 2012, Kansas City, Missouri launched Kansas City B-cycle in partnership with Blue Cross Blue Shield.[123] The system currently has 27 stations and over 200 bicycles reaching downtown, Union Hill, Westport, Plaza and as of Summer 2015, Brookside Trolley Trail.[124]
Los Angeles, CA: On 7 July 2016, Los Angeles County launched Metro Bikes, a 1,000-bike system with equipment by B-Cycle, operated by Bicycle Transit Systems. It was the first North American system to be both branded as part of the public transit agency and accessible using the regional TAP card, though at the time of launch users were required to maintain separate accounts for each transit mode and pay separate fares.
Miami & Miami Beach, FL: In March 2011, DecoBike launched in Miami Beach, Florida.[125] The initial rollout of the program included "approximately 100 solar-powered stations and 1,000 custom-designed bikes available to residents and visitors."[126] This public bicycle sharing and rental program is owned and operated by DecoBike, LLC, a Miami-based company, and operates under a long-term agreement with the City of Miami Beach. The service is available to both residents and visitors: any adult with a major credit card can check out a bike to pedal to their next location. An iPhone app and an interactive map on the DecoBike website allows one to locate the nearest "station" and displays the number of bikes available and the number of free docking spaces in real-time.[127]
Minneapolis, MN: In June 2010, Minneapolis initiated operation of Nice Ride, one of the first examples of a large-scale municipal bike sharing program in the United States. Phase 1 included 700 bikes and 65 stations throughout Minneapolis[128] Due to popularity, the system was aggressively expanded into neighboring Saint Paul in 2011. As of 29 April 2012, Nice Ride had recorded a total of 330,000 trips, and a systemwide total of 1,330 bikes at 146 stations.[129]
New Paltz, NY: The village of New Paltz, New York, home of SUNY New Paltz, has a bicycle lending program.[130]
New York, NY: On Memorial Day, 27 May 2013, New York City started its privately funded Citi Bike program. It was the nation's largest when it began operation, but Washington, D.C.'s system has grown faster. It began with 6,000 bikes at 330 docking stations in Manhattan and parts of Brooklyn. It wants to expand it to 10,000 bikes and 600 docking stations in Manhattan, all of Brooklyn and Queens. By 29 May, in its third day of operation, the program had 21,300 individuals signed on as annual members.[131]
Philadelphia, PA On 23 April 2015 the City of Philadelphia launched its privately funded Indego bike share program with 60 docking stations and 600 bikes, located in Center City, South Philadelphia, Northern Liberties, and University City.[132] It used equipment by B-Cycle and was operated by Bicycle Transit Systems with a naming sponsorship from locally based health insurer Independence.[133]
Phoenix, AZ: On 25 November 2014, Phoenix launched Grid Bike Share with 100 bikes at 27 stations.[134] It has since expanded to nearly 500 bikes at 48 stations, and has plans to add another 200 bikes and 20 stations.[135] Mesa, AZ, joined the system in March 2016, with 100 bikes at 14 stations, with plans to add another 200 bikes and 10-14 stations. Tempe, AZ, intends to join the three-city system in early 2017 with 300 bikes at 31 stations.[136]
Pittsburgh, PA On 31 May 2015 Pittsburgh, during an Open Streets day, launched its Healthy Ride bike share program. The system launched with 50 docking stations and 500 bikes located in Downtown Pittsburgh, South Side Flats, North Shore, Strip District, Lawrenceville (Pittsburgh), Oakland (Pittsburgh), Bloomfield (Pittsburgh), and Shadyside (Pittsburgh).[137][138]
Portland, OR: On 19 July 2016 Portland launched Biketown,[139] a system with 1,000 GPS-enabled smart bikes sold by Social Bicycles and operated by Motivate with a $10 million, five-year naming sponsorship by Nike.[140] It was the continent's largest smart-bike system at the time of launch. The 100 stations covered 8.1 square miles but were concentrated most densely in downtown Portland and the Pearl and Northwest Districts.[141] Funding came entirely from a $2 million allocation of federal dollars approved by the Metro regional government, from Nike, and from ongoing user fees and smaller sponsorships.[142]
Salem, MA: In 2011, the city of Salem, Massachusetts launched a bike share program called Salem Spins offering use of bicycles free of charge, for use around the city. The seasonal program was financed in part with a $25,000 grant for a fleet of 20 bicycles.[143] The program is offered from April to October.
Salt Lake City, UT: On 8 April 2013, Salt Lake City launched GREENbike as the region's Bike Share brand. The program launched in downtown Salt Lake City with 10 stations and added two new stations less than four months later. The program will be expanding to 20 stations by 2014 with the goal of 100 stations in downtown Salt Lake City. Satellite GREENbike systems in cities such as Ogden are in the works and will be connected by the state transit authority's Frontrunner light rail train.[144]
Seattle, WA: On 13 October 2014, Pronto Cycle Share launched with 500 bicycles and 50 stations. Pronto uses Motivate of New York City as the operator.[145]
Topeka, KS: On 15 April 2015, Topeka Metro Bikes launched with 100 smart bikes and 10 stations.[146] It was the first North American system to be branded and operated as part of a mass transit agency. The equipment came from Social Bicycles.
Tulsa, OK: The Tulsa Townies bicycle project was launched in August 2007 by Saint Francis Health System to promote an active and healthy lifestyle in the community. This project is the first bicycle program of its kind in northeastern Oklahoma. The bicycle rental stations are located at the Tulsa River Parks trail along Riverside Drive at 19th and 41st streets and in Jenks at the 96th street Arkansas River pedestrian bridge.[147]
Washington, D.C.: In September 2010, the District of Columbia introduced its replacement for SmartBike DC, called Capital Bikeshare (CaBi). Unlike SmartBike, CaBi is a public taxpayer-supported bicycle sharing program involving both the District of Columbia and Arlington County. The initial scheme involved some 1,100 bicycles at 100 stations located throughout the District of Columbia and parts of Arlington County, Virginia. The cost of planning, implementation and administration for Capital Bikeshare totaled US$5.0 million, with first-year operating costs of US$2.3 million for 100 stations.[148] The District's share of planning, implementation and first-year operating costs was partially financed by a US$6.0 million grant by the United States Department of Transportation. Arlington County's operating cost share of the plan was US$835,000 for the first year,[149] funded by public contributions including a grant from the Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation as well as subsidies from Arlington County Transportation, Crystal City (Arlington) Business Improvement District, and the Potomac Yard Transportation Management Association.[150] In November 2010, Capital Bikeshare Director Chris Holben stated that administrators were hoping for future project revenues that would reach 50% of annual operating costs, exclusive of planning and implementation expenses.[151] CaBi recently announced plans to expand services with an additional 20 bike stations by spring of 2011. For a time, Capital Bike Share was the largest bike sharing system in the United States. Upon opening in May 2013, New York city's Citi Bike program was far larger, however Capital Bike Share expanded to become the largest bike sharing system in the United States again with 344 stations. In August 2015, Citi Bike once again became the largest system in the United States with 400 stations.[152]
South America
Argentina
The bike sharing system is free upon registration and has 1250 bicycles available at 41 rental stations throughout Buenos Aires, as of 2014. The system was deployed by the City of Buenos Aires and is owned by the city.[153] Upon completion, it will have 3,000 bicycles and 200 stations with 200 km of lanes.[154]
Brazil
Bike Rio opened to the public in October 2011. The bike sharing system has 2600 bicycles available at 260 rental stations located in 20 neighbourhoods throughout Rio de Janeiro. The system was deployed by the municipal government of Rio de Janeiro in partnership with Banco Itaú, and operated by Serttel, a private concessionaire.[155]
A similar scheme was implemented in the city of São Paulo on 24 May 2012, called Bike Sampa. It is free up to the first hour of use, after which users are charged R$5 every 30 minutes.[156] There are about 140,000 registered users and, as of 6 May 2013, there had been 220,000 bicycle trips in the city. Serttel is also the concessionaire for this scheme, and the website of Bike Sampa is hosted by Mobilicidade. Other cities with similar bike sharing systems are: Brasília, Belo Horizonte, Salvador, Porto Alegre, Santos, Recife and Aracaju.
Chile
There are two working bike-share systems in the metropolitan area of Santiago, capital city of Chile, Bikesantiago and Bici Las Condes.[157]
History
The commune of Providencia, part of the Santiago de Chile metropolitan area, implemented a public bike-share system in Latin America, named B'easy and starting services in August 2008 with a monthly membership of 1000 Chilean Pesos (USD 2) and 4 stations.[158]
Santiago Metropolitan Area
Bikesantiago started its services in October 2013 in the metropolitan commune of Vitacura with 30 stations, 300 bicycles and a monthy membership of 4990 Chilean pesos (USD 8). By November 2015, it had 25000 subscribers, 132 stations and 1882 bicycles on the communes of Lo Barnechea, Vitacura, Providencia (Replacing the original B'easy system), Santiago, Ñuñoa, Recoleta and Independencia and has contracts for a programmed expansion in a total of 14 communes, 200 stations and 2100 bikes in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago.[159][160]
Las Condes
Bici Las Condes is the communal bike-share system of Las Condes, part of the Metropolitan Area of Santiago. It started services in March 2015 with a total of 50 stations and 500 bikes and has a planned expansion to a total of 100 stations and 1000 bikes.[161] The decision of the Las Condes municipal council of not joining the Metropolitan area tender for an bike-sharing metropolitan interconected system was very controversial.[162]
Colombia
The EnCicla Bike Share System in Medellín is operated by the metropolitan area of Aburrá Valley. EnCicla is integrated with the city's existing infrastructure of cycle routes, mass transit and public transport systems.[163]
Ecuador
In August 2012 the Municipality of Quito government established a municipal bicycle sharing system called Bici Q.[164][165][166] The Municipality of Cuenca implemented a public bicycle sharing system in 2013.[167][168] Bici Q is completely free and is available for anyone to users with membership cards, which can be obtained online or in person.[169][170]
Asia
China
- Beijing
A municipal scheme in Beijing launched in 2012 with the stationing of 2,000 bikes in Chaoyang district.[171] The scheme is scheduled to consist of 20,000 rental bikes and 500 kiosks, according to the Beijing Municipal Commission of Development and Reform. The main operating area will be in business districts and near subway stations and major public venues. By 2015, authorities intend to have 50,000 bikes available, similar to the Hangzhou scheme that is their model.[172][173] This follows the failure of a scheme launched in 2005–2006 (ahead of Velib) and in the light of a 2011 announcement by the Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport that it expects to raise the bike share of urban commuter journeys from 20 to 23 per cent by 2015.[172]
- Hangzhou
The Hangzhou bike-sharing system has 60,600 bikes and started in 2008. Bike-sharing stations can be found in Hangzhou every 100 metres. The first hour of use is free, followed by 1 yuan ($0.15) for the first hour, 2 yuan the second hour, and 3 yuan each subsequent hour.[174] In 2013 USA Today called the Hangzhou bike-sharing system the 'best in the world'.[175] From a March 2010 survey of Hangzhou Public Bicycle members and non-members it was found that 30% of Hangzhou Bike-Sharing users incorporated bicycle sharing into their most common commute. Furthermore, the bicycle sharing system captured modal share from bus transit, walking, autos and taxis. Another key finding in this study suggests that car ownership may not reduce the likelihood of bikesharing use. In fact, members of the Hangzhou system exhibited a higher rate of auto ownership in comparison to non-members.[176]
- Nanning
Since December 2013, Nanning has a bicycle sharing system with 1000 bicycles and 50 stations. The first hour of usage is free, after it costs 2RMB/h.[177]
- Shanghai
In preparation for the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai, China, Shanghai launched a limited bike share programme which are accessible by RFID cards. Users could purchase 100-ride credits for about $30. Short rides are rewarded credits and longer rides subtract credits once the bikes have been re-docked. Shanghai planned to expand to 3,500 Bicycle Hot Spots throughout the entire city by 2010. Two years after the World Expo, Shanghai's bicycle sharing programme has been mostly limited to the Minhang District.[178][179]
- Suzhou
The Suzhou Industrial Park has a bicycle sharing system (苏州工业园区公共自行车) with 1880 bicycles and 72 stations, which launched in January 2012.[180]
- Xi'an
Since 2011, Xi'an has a bicycle sharing system with 8000 bicycles and 375 stations.[181]
- Lanzhou
In 2014, a bike sharing system was created around downtown Lanzhou with 377 stations.[182][183]
Iran
In July 2016, first Iranian modern public bike system was designed and established in Urmia city with 250 bikes in 20 stations by ASI company by the brand name of "U Bike" .[184]
India
- Mumbai
Mumbai operates two schemes,[185] and the Ministry of Urban Development is preparing to launch a 10-city public bike scheme as part of its "Mission for Sustainable Habitat".[186]
- Bengaluru (Bangalore)
Namma Cycle is a bicycle sharing system being implemented in the Indian Institute of Science (IISc, Bangalore) campus and the surrounding neighborhood. Bicycles are made available at select locations in a community/city allowing people to have ready access to these public bicycles. The ATCAG system implements a bicycle sharing program aimed primarily to solve the last-mile problem for users of the Bangalore Metro.
- Ahmedabad
MyByk cycle sharing program in Ahmedabad started with eight stations within the city in 2013. Subscribers can keep bicycles as long as required without having to return them to the stations.[187][188]
- Mysuru (Mysore)
Mysore is the first Indian city to initiate cycle sharing in 2009[189] with 28 locations as of 2009 and 52 planned locations.[190][191]
The trend is catching on in some other cities including Delhi,[192] Rajkot,[193] Bhubanewar.[194] and Vadodara (Baroda)[195]
Israel
- Tel-Aviv
Tel-O-Fun, started in 2011, is a bicycle sharing program in Tel-Aviv with 2,000 bicycles and 200 stations throughout the city and in some surrounding towns. [196]
Japan
According to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism as of 2012 there were a number of city-level pilot schemes in operation in Japan, the largest of which was Edogawa City in Tokyo with 500 cycles available for hire.[197] Toyama also has a bicycle sharing system, that takes the region's public transit IC card Passca.[198]
Kazakhstan
- Astana-bike in the capital Astana, 200 bikes in 40 stations, 1000 bikes for Expo 2017.[199]
- Shymkent-bike in Shymkent, 200 bikes in 44 stations.[200]
- Almaty-bike in Almaty, September 2016.[201]
South Korea
- Seoul
Following trials, a bike-sharing system named Ddareungi was introduced in Seoul in October 2015 in select areas of the right bank of the Han River.[202] After a few months, the number of stations reached 150 and 1500 bikes were made available.[203] In 2016, the number of stations has increased steadily to cover new districts.[204] As of July 2016, there were about 300 stations and 3000 bikes available, and Seoul mayor Park Won-sun has confirmed his intention to increase the number of bikes available to 20,000[205]
Taiwan
Taipei City launched a public bicycle rental program in 2009, and expanded by working with leading Taiwanese bike manufacturer Giant. The system saw 22 million rentals in 2014, double the 11 million rentals in the previous year.[206]
Initially, an unexpectedly small number of daily users in the trial district of Xinyi (信義) prompted the city's Department of Transportation (zh) to install the "YouBike" system along Taipei Metro lines and to offer the service in several more districts.[207] The slow initial adoption of YouBike rentals was overcome through adapting the model, such as lowering rates (currently NT$5 for 30 minutes and progressing from NT$10 afterwards, without other fee such as membership fee, or periodic pass ), and increasing ways to open an account (online via the YouBike website or at the kiosks).[208][209]
YouBike also serves the New Taipei City, Taoyuan City, Hsinchu City, Taichung City and Chunghua County.
Tainan, Kaohsiung, Pingtung City also serves a standalone bicycle-sharing system.
Turkey
Public bike sharing services in Turkey use Baksi system.[210] In Istanbul, the system called İsbike started in 2012 with 10 stations and 100 bikes along the Marmara coast on the Asian side of the city.[211]
Similar systems are operational in Kayseri, Izmir, Antalya, Kocaeli and Eskişehir.[210]
United Arab Emirates
ADCB Bikeshare is the first and only bike sharing scheme in the United Arab Emirates. The scheme operates in the nation's capital city of Abu Dhabi, and is sponsored by Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank. ADCB Bikeshare launched December 2015. Run by Cyacle, the programme operates on Yas Island and Al Raha Beach, where there are 11 stations with 75 bicycles available for hire. In the first eight months of operation, 5,641 people became members of the scheme and rode 78,689 kilometres (48,895 miles) on 8,536 trips.[212]
Australia
The first municipal bicycle share system in Australia, Melbourne Bike Share (MBS), was launched in Melbourne in June 2010. Melbourne's MBS and CityCycle in Brisbane[213] were, until the introduction of Vancouver's bike-sharing service, some of the few schemes in the world that attempt to operate under a mandatory helmet requirement.[214][215][216]
MBS is a publicly funded scheme based on Montreal's BIXI system and was launched initially with only 10 stations, with the aim of having 50 stations by July 2010. Implementation and planning costs totalled A$5.5 million over four years, which required a usage rate of 500 trips per day, or 15,000 per month, for the scheme to break-even.[217][218] During the first week of operation, the system was only used 253 times.[219] This use rate dropped to only 136 times per day by October 2010,[217] for a total of 20,700 trips, with nearly 650 subscribers. The low popularity of the scheme in comparison to other cities[220] has been attributed to Melbourne's mandatory helmet laws, acknowledged by the government, which recently began subsidising helmet purchases at $5 per helmet from local convenience stores and vending machines.[216][217][220] The helmet subsidy added an additional A$5 million to the cost of the bike share programme.[213] After the introduction of subsidised helmets, MBS bicycle usage rate increased to 183 trips per day.[217] This usage rate increased to 283 trips per day (8,500 trips per month) in December 2010, with another increase to 433 trips per day (13,000 per month) by May 2011.[218] Promotional efforts to advertise MBS have been limited, though mobile phone optimised websites have also been created, such as BikeShare.Tel, allowing users to locate stations and see bike availability.[221] Currently the MBS uses 500 cycles at about 50 stations around Melbourne's central business district.[213]
MELTours launched a bicycle tour based on the MBS within a month of launch as a way to enable tourists to see the city using the MBS and to learn how to use it. The tour was designed around the available MBS pods where each leg is no more than 30 minutes in duration. This means that the cost to the customer is as low as possible while a two-hour activity can still be taken.[222]
- Brisbane
Subscriptions for CityCycle, a Vélib-style community bike hire scheme by JCDecaux for Brisbane started on 1 September 2010 with bikes planned to available from 1 October 2010 at 150 stations from the University of Queensland to Tenerife. Currently CityCycle uses 1,060 cycles at 104 locations, with plans to expand to 2,000 cycles at 150 stations by mid-2012. Currently CityCycle has no plans to rent helmets to riders, who must carry their own helmets to the station for each journey.[213]
Brisbane City Council Mayor, Graham Quirk conceded the Citycycle service had "not got off to a flying start". By October 2011 there were 416 trips per day for 1060 bikes available for hire at 104 stations. In mid August 2011, Brisbane City Council cut the daily casual subscription from $11 to $2. There were only 200 $11 daily casual hires in July 2011 and 332 in August 2011. Casual hires jumped up to 1064 in September 2011 in response to the price reduction to $2 per day. Council has also attached 400 free helmets to bikes on an honesty basis. JCDecaux Australia chief executive said there was "no doubt" the mandatory use of helmets constrained the use of the scheme. An $8M investment to establish the Citycycle scheme resulted in 80,000 bike trips during the first 12 months. Council is proceeding with expanding to 150 stations and increasing bike numbers to 2000.[223]
The 200,000th trip was taken on Brisbane's CityCycle in April 2012, with over 600 cycle journeys every day. May 2012 was a new record month with 18,874 trips. 223,000 trips were taken during 2013.
The bikes are now linked to the public transport go card – a single card covering all busses, trains, ferries and the new light rail system to open in 2014 along southern beaches.
As part of the CityCycle contract, the French company JCDecaux collects all the advertising revenue from the 167 advertising panels and 25 advertising sign sites erected in Brisbane. However the bike hire scheme was operating at a loss of A$976,000 in the 2012–2013 financial year paid by the Brisbane ratepayers, and by December 2013 the scheme cost ratepayers A$14 million.[224]
Universities
Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver – Purple and Yellow Bikes[225]
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga – BikeShare
India
- Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – NammaCycle[226]
- Pondicherry University, Kalapet – Bike Share
- Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi - Desi Wheels[227]
Indonesia
- University of Indonesia, Depok – Cycle Share
Mexico
- National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City – Bicipuma
United Kingdom
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham – Ucycle[228]
United States
- Belmont University, Nashville, Tennessee – Belmont Bikes
- California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California – Zagster
- College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina – Bike Share[105]
- Cornell College, Mount Vernon, Iowa – Purple Bikes
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York – Big Red Bikes
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina – Zagster[229]
- Emory University, Druid Hills, Georgia – Bike Emory[230]
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida – ReCycle Program
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia – viaCycle@GT
- Hamilton College, Clinton, New York – Gilded Bicycle Guild (originally founded in 2006, returned spring 2012)
- Hampshire College, Amherst, Massachusetts – Yellow Bike Program
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts – CrimsonBikes
- Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois – Reggie Ride
- Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire – Green Bike Program
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio – Flashfleet
- New York University, New York City – NYU Bike Share
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona – Yellow Bike Program
- Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan – OU Bike Share
- Occidental College, Los Angeles, California – Bike Share
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio – Buckeye Bikes
- Olin College, Needham, Massachusetts – GO Bikes
- Otterbein University, Westerville, Ohio – Otterbike Program
- St. Olaf College, Northfield, Minnesota – Green Bikes
- Saint Xavier University, Chicago, Illinois – Green Bike
- Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California – Zagster[231]
- Southwestern University, Georgetown, Texas – Pirate Bike Program
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York – Wolf Ride
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California – Zotwheels (automated bike share program, inaugurated Fall 2009)
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois – recycles
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio – UC Bearcats Bike Share
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky – Wildcat Wheels,[232]
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina – Tar Heel Bikes[233]
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – PennCycle[234]
- University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida – Borrow Our Bikes Program
- University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma – Yellow Bikes
- University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont – B.U.G. Bike Share
- Trinity College (Connecticut), Hartford,CT – Bantam Bike
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington – WSU Green Bike Program[235] (operated by WSU Wellbeing, inaugurated in Fall 2009)
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut – Zagster[236]
Other
- Chicago, US: The Field Museum shared bikes., which was inaugurated for employees in April 2008.[237]
- Detroit, US: Zagster – Quicken Loans[238]
- In 2012 Spinlister started as a peer share system, in which users around the world pay local private owners for use of their bike, usually by the day.[239]
Cities
The following table lists more than 330 active bicycle sharing systems across the world. Most systems listed allow users to pick up and drop off bicycles at any of the automated stations within the network.
| City | Country | Continent | Name | System | Year inaugurated | Stations | Bicycles | Daily ridership | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abu Dhabi[240] | United Arab Emirates | Asia | ADCB Bikeshare | 8D Technologies (operated by Cyacle) | December 2014 | 11 | 75 | ||
| Aigialeia[241] | Greece | Europe | Cyclopolis | Cyclopolis | 2013 | 3 | 45 | ||
| Aigle, Monthey | Switzerland | Europe | PubliBike | PubliBike | 2010 | 10 | 99 | ||
| Aktio-Vonitsa[241][242] | Greece | Europe | Cyclopolis | Cyclopolis | 2013 | 3 | 35 | ||
| Alpignano | Italy | Europe | ToBike | 2 | |||||
| Amiens[243] | France | Europe | Vélam | Cyclocity | February 2008 | 26 | 250 | 376[244] | |
| Ancient Olympia[241][245] | Greece | Europe | Cyclopolis | Cyclopolis | 2013 | 4 | 60 | ||
| Angers[246] | France | Europe | VéloCité | Cyclocity | 2004 | ||||
| Ann Arbor, Michigan[247] | USA | Americas | ArborBike | B-Cycle | 2014 | 14 | 125 | ||
| Anqiu | China | Asia | Anqiu Public Bicycle | December 2013 | 95 | 2,280 | |||
| Antwerp | Belgium | Europe | Velo | Clear Channel | 9 June 2011 | 144 | 1,800 | ||
| Århus | Denmark | Europe | Bycyklen | May 2007 | 57 | 400 | |||
| Aspen, Colorado | USA | Americas | WE-cycle | PBSC Urban Solutions | June 2013 | 13 | 100 | ||
| Astana | Kazakhstan | Asia | Astana-Bike | Smoove | July 2014 | 150 | 1000 | ||
| Austin, Texas[248] | USA | Americas | Bike Share of Austin | B-Cycle | December 2013 | 46 | 375 | ||
| Aveiro[249] | Portugal | Europe | Buga | 2000 | 1 | 300 | |||
| Avignon[250] | France | Europe | Vélopop' | Smoove | July 2009 | 17 | 200 | ||
| Bangkok[251][252] | Thailand | Asia | Pun Pun Bike Share | 2012 | 50 | 500 | |||
| Bangkok[253] | Thailand | Asia | CU Bike | Smoove | 2012 | 5 | 125 | ||
| Baoji | China | Asia | Baoji Public Bicycle Service | September 2013 | 100 | 2,000 | |||
| Barcelona | Spain | Europe | Bicing | Clear Channel | 22 March 2007 | 424 | 6,000 | 28,093[254] | |
| Battle Creek[255] | USA | Americas | Battle Creek BCycle | BCycle | 19 August 2013 | 3 | 21 | ||
| Batumi | Georgia | Asia | BatumVelo | Batumi Avtotransporti Smoove | May 2013 | 22 | 200 | ||
| Beijing | China | Asia | 2012 | 508 | 16,000 | ||||
| Belfast | UK | Europe | Coca-Cola Zero Belfast Bikes | NSL / nextbike | 27 April 2015 | 30 | 300 | ||
| Belfort | France | Europe | Optymo | Smoove | May 2013 | 21 | 200 | ||
| Belo Horizonte[256] | Brazil | Americas | Bikebh | Mobilicidade | 2014 | 40 | 400 | ||
| Berlin | Germany | Europe | nextbike | nextbike | 2009 | 50+ | 300 | ||
| Berlin | Germany | Europe | Call a Bike | Call a Bike flex | March 2003 | N/A | |||
| Bern | Switzerland | Europe | PubliBike | PubliBike | 2011 | 8 | 54 | ||
| Besançon[257] | France | Europe | VéloCité | Cyclocity | September 2007 | 30 | 200 | 380[244] | |
| Białystok | Poland | Europe | BiKeR | nextbike | 31 May 2014 | 46 | 460 | ||
| Bielefeld | Germany | Europe | nextbike | nextbike | 2009 | 10 | |||
| Blackpool[258] | UK | Europe | Hire-a-Bike | Hourbike | 2009 | 60 | 400 | ||
| Black Rock City[259] | USA | Americas | Yellow Bikes | Yellow Bikes | |||||
| Bochum | Germany | Europe | metropolradruhr | nextbike | 2010 | 6 | 30 | ||
| Boise, Idaho[260] | USA | Americas | Boise Bike Share | Social Bicycle | 16 April 2015 | 15 | 117 | ||
| Bordeaux | France | Europe | VCUB | Keolis | February 2010 | 139 | 1,545 | ||
| Boston, Massachusetts[261] | USA | Americas | Hubway | Bixi and 8D Technologies (operated by Motivate) | 2011 | 140 | 1,300 | 3,268 | |
| Bottrop | Germany | Europe | metropolradruhr | nextbike | 2010 | 15 | |||
| Boulder, Colorado[262][263] | USA | Americas | Boulder B-Cycle | B-Cycle | 2011 | 23 | 120 | ||
| Bratislava | Slovakia | Europe | Whitebikes | Open Source Bike Share | May 2014 | 35 | 100 | ||
| Brescia | Italy | Europe | Bicimia | 65 | 395 | ||||
| Brisbane[264][265] | Australia | Asia Pacific | CityCycle | Cyclocity | September 2010 | 150 | 2,000 | ||
| Broward County, Florida | USA | Americas | Broward B-Cycle | B-Cycle | 2011 | 35 | |||
| Brussels[266] | Belgium | Europe | Villo! | Cyclocity | 19 May 2009 (earlier system since 2006) | 346 | 4,115 | ||
| Bucharest[267] | Romania | Europe | Cicloteque | Proprietary | 31 July 2008 | 6 | 400 | ||
| Budapest | Hungary | Europe | MOL BuBi | Nextbike | April 2014 | 75 | 1,100 | ||
| Buenos Aires[268][269] | Argentina | Americas | Ecobici | 2010 | 32 | 750 | |||
| Burgenland | Austria | Europe | LEIHRADL nextbike | nextbike | 2009 | 40 | |||
| Caen | France | Europe | V'eol | Clear Channel | March 2008 | 40 | 350 | ||
| Calais | France | Europe | Vel'in | OYBike | July 2010 | 37 | 160 | ||
| Carugate[270] | Italy | Europe | Meglio in Bici | 5 May 2012 | 3 | 30 | |||
| Cergy-Pontoise[271] | France | Europe | VélO2 | Cyclocity | March 2009 | 42 | 320 | 184[244] | |
| Cernusco sul Naviglio[270] | Italy | Europe | Meglio in Bici | 5 May 2012 | 3 | 40 | |||
| Chalon-sur-Saône | France | Europe | Réflex | Transdev Smoove | December 2007 | 14 | 100 | ||
| Changhua | Taiwan | Asia | YouBike | May 2014 | 24 | ||||
| Changwon[272][273] | South Korea | Asia | NUBIJA | October 2008 | 235 | 2,348[274] | |||
| Changzhou | China | Asia | Changzhou Public Bicycle | – | |||||
| Charlotte, North Carolina[275] | USA | Americas | Charlotte B-Cycle | B-Cycle | 2012 | 21 | 200 | ||
| Chattanooga, Tennessee[276] | USA | Americas | Bike Chattanooga Bicycle Transit System | Bixi | 2012 | 33 | 300 | ||
| Chengdu (Gaoxin District)[277] | China | Asia | – | – | December 2010 | 72 | 1,200 | ||
| Chengdu (Jinniu District)[278] | China | Asia | – | Shanghai Forever Bicycle Co. | June 2010 | 156 | 1,500 | ||
| Chicago, Illinois[279][280] | USA | Americas | Divvy | PBSC Urban Solutions (operated by Motivate) | 2013 | 580 | 5,800 | 13,000 | |
| Cincinnati, Ohio[281] | USA | Americas | Red Bike | B-Cycle | 15 September 2014 | 50 | |||
| Clermont-Ferrand | France | Europe | C.Vélo | SMTC Smoove | June 2013 | 10 (22) | 100 (220) | ||
| Coburg | Germany | Europe | nextbike | nextbike | 2009 | 5 | |||
| Collegno | Italy | Europe | ToBike | 10 | |||||
| Cologne | Germany | Europe | Call a Bike | Call a Bike flex | March 2000 | N/A | |||
| Columbus, Ohio | USA | Americas | CoGo | Motivate | July 2013 | 30 | 300 | ||
| Copenhagen | Denmark | Europe | Bycyklen | Gobike | 16 August 2013 | 17 | 250 | ||
| Cork | Ireland | Europe | Coca-Cola Zero Bikes | National Transport Authority | 18 December 2014 | 31 | 330 | ||
| Córdoba[282] | Spain | Europe | Eco-bici | Cyclocity | 4 | 35 | |||
| Corfu[20] | Greece | Europe | EasyBike | Brainbox Smoove | November 2010 | 8 | 100 | ||
| Créteil[283] | France | Europe | Cristolib | Cyclocity | April 2010 | 10 | 75 | 12[244] | |
| Daejeon | South Korea | Asia | Ta-shu | 145 | |||||
| Denver, Colorado[284] | USA | Americas | Denver B-cycle | B-Cycle | 2010 | 83 | 600 | ||
| Des Moines, Iowa[285][286] | USA | Americas | Des Moines B-cycle | B-Cycle | 2010 | 4 | 18 | ||
| Didymóteicho[241][287] | Greece | Europe | EasyBike | EasyBike | May 2013 | 8 | 100 | ||
| Dijon | France | Europe | Velodi | Clear Channel | February 2008 | 39 | 400 | ||
| Dortmund | Germany | Europe | metropolradruhr | nextbike | 2010 | 27 | |||
| Drammen | Norway | Europe | Drammen City Bikes | Clear Channel | |||||
| Dresden | Germany | Europe | nextbike | nextbike | 2009 | 30+ | 200 | ||
| Druento | Italy | Europe | ToBike | 1 | |||||
| Dublin[185][288] | Ireland | Europe | Dublin Bikes | Cyclocity | September 2009 | 102 | 950 | ||
| Duisburg | Germany | Europe | metropolradruhr | nextbike | 2010 | 14 | |||
| Düsseldorf[289] | Germany | Europe | nextbike | nextbike | 2008 | 45 | 400 | ||
| East Mani[241][242] | Greece | Europe | EasyBike | EasyBike | 2013 | 6 | 100 | ||
| El Paso, Texas[290] | USA | Americas | El Paso BCycle | B-Cycle | 14 September 2015 | 8 | 80 | ||
| Elche (Elx) | Spain | Europe | bicielx | 14 June 2010 | 14 | 200 | |||
| Erfurt | Germany | Europe | nextbike | nextbike | 2009 | 10 | 30 | ||
| Essen | Germany | Europe | metropolradruhr | nextbike | 2010 | 25 | |||
| Esztergom | Hungary | Europe | EBI | 2013 | 9 | 93 | |||
| Fairbanks, Alaska | USA | Americas | Fairbikes | A2B Bikeshare | 24 September 2015 | ||||
| Fargo, ND[116][119] | USA | Americas | GreatRides | B-Cycle | 15 March 2015 | 11 | 101 | ||
| Flensburg | Germany | Europe | nextbike | nextbike | 2009 | 10 | 30 | ||
| Fort Worth, Texas[291] | USA | Americas | Fort Worth B-Cycle | B-Cycle | 22 April 2013 | 32 | 300 | ||
| Foshan | China | Asia | August 2010 | 208 | 11,694 | ||||
| Frankfurt am Main | Germany | Europe | nextbike | nextbike | 2009 | 30 | 300 | ||
| Frankfurt am Main | Germany | Europe | Call a Bike | Call a Bike flex | March 2000 | N/A | |||
| Freiburg | Switzerland | Europe | PubliBike | PubliBike | 2010 | 8 | 94 | ||
| Fullerton, California | USA | Americas | OCTA BikeShare | Bike Nation | 6 January 2014 | 10 | 75 | ||
| Fuzhou | China | Asia | Fuzhou Public Bicycle | June 2011 | 59 | 1,400 | |||
| Galway | Ireland | Europe | Coca-Cola Zero Bikes | National Transport Authority | 24 November 2014 | 15 | 195 | ||
| Gelsenkirchen | Germany | Europe | metropolradruhr | nextbike | 2010 | 4 | |||
| Girona[292][293] | Spain | Europe | Girocleta | 25 September 2009 | 10 | 260 | |||
| Glasgow | UK | Europe | Mass Automated Cycle Hire (MACH) | nextbike | 24 June 2014 | 31 | |||
| Gothenburg[294] | Sweden | Europe | Styr & Ställ | Cyclocity | 10 August 2010 | 60 | 1,000 | ||
| Grenoble | France | Europe | Métrovélo | Smoove | 2006 | 16 | 1,250 | ||
| Grodzisk Mazowiecki | Poland | Europe | Grodziski Rower Miejski | nextbike | 27 September 2014 | 9 | 60 | ||
| Grugliasco | Italy | Europe | ToBike | 9 | |||||
| Guadalajara | Mexico | Americas | PBSC Urban Solutions | ||||||
| Guangzhou[295][296] | China | Asia | GZ-Public Bicycle | June 2010 | 50 | 4,840 | |||
| Győr | Hungary | Europe | GyőrBike | 7 September 2015 | 23 | 180 | |||
| Haikou | China | Asia | April 2013 | 105 | 3,000 | ||||
| Haining | China | Asia | Haining Public Bicycle | October 2012 | 100 | 2,200 | |||
| Hamburg[297] | Germany | Europe | nextbike | nextbike | 2008 | 30 | 250 | ||
| Hamburg | Germany | Europe | StadtRAD Hamburg | Call a Bike fix | July 2009 | 72 | 1,000 | ||
| Hamilton[298] | Canada | Americas | Hamilton Bike Share | Social Bicycles | 20 March 2015 | 100 | 750 | ||
| Hamm | Germany | Europe | metropolradruhr | nextbike | 2010 | 10 | 50 | ||
| Hangzhou[299][300] | China | Asia | Hangzhou Public Bicycle | October 2008 | 2,965 | 78,000 | |||
| Hannover | Germany | Europe | nextbike | nextbike | 2008 | 20 | 80 | ||
| Heihe | China | Asia | May 2012 | 62 | 2,230 | ||||
| Herne | Germany | Europe | metropolradruhr | nextbike | 2010 | 7 | 45 | ||
| Heze | China | Asia | April 2014 | 100 | 2,000 | ||||
| Hoboken, New Jersey[301] | USA | Americas | Hudson Bike Share | nextbike | September 2015 | 29 | 250 | ||
| Hohhot | China | Asia | October 2013 | 112 | 5,100 | ||||
| Houston, Texas[302][303] | USA | Americas | Houston B-cycle | B-Cycle | 2012 | 29 | 225 | ||
| Huaian[304] | China | Asia | Huaian Public Bicycle | October 2013 | 335 | 7,000 | |||
| Huaibei | China | Asia | Huaibei Public Bicycle | April 2014 | 100 | 3,000 | |||
| Huangyan | China | Asia | Huangyan Public Bicycle | January 2012 | 93 | 2,500 | |||
| Huizhou | China | Asia | Guangzhou Huimin | April 2012 | 100 | 10,000 | |||
| Huzhou | China | Asia | Huzhou Public Bicycle | December 2013 | 85 | 2,000 | |||
| Indianapolis, Indiana[305] | USA | Americas | Indiana Pacers Bikeshare | B-Cycle | May 2014 | 25 | 300 | ||
| Ioannina[306] | Greece | Europe | EasyBike | EasyBike | September 2012 | 2 | 10 | ||
| Izmir | Turkey | Middle East | Bisim | January 2014 | 29 | ||||
| Izmir, Karşıyaka | Turkey | Middle East | Karbis | January 2014 | 6 | ||||
| Jersey City[307] | USA | Americas | Citi Bike Jersey City | 8D Technologies (operated by Motivate) | September 2015 | 35 | 350 | ||
| Jiangyin | China | Asia | November 2008 | 23 | 700 | ||||
| Jiaxing | China | Asia | Jiaxing Public Bicycle | December 2011 | 334 | 7,800 | |||
| Jinhua | China | Asia | Jinhua Orange Public Bicycle Service | October 2013 | 100 | 3,000 | |||
| Jiujiang | China | Asia | February 2014 | 6 | 120 | ||||
| Jiyuan | China | Asia | September 2013 | 32 | 500 | ||||
| João Pessoa[308] | Brazil | Americas | SAMBA | Mobilicidade | 3 | 20 | |||
| Juchnowiec Kościelny[309] | Poland | Europe | Rower Gminny | nextbike | July 2015 | 2 | 20 | ||
| Kailua, Hawaii[310][311] | USA | Americas | Hawaii B-cycle | B-Cycle | 2011 | 2 | 12 | ||
| Kaixian | China | Asia | January 2011 | 58 | 1,600 | ||||
| Kansas City, Missouri[312] | USA | Americas | Kansas City B-cycle | B-Cycle | 2012 | 30 | 300 | ||
| Kaohsiung | Taiwan | Asia | C-bike | 119 | 1,275 | ||||
| Kaposvár[32] | Hungary | Europe | Kapsvári Tekergő | 27 October 2015 | 4 | 32 (including 6 rollers) | |||
| Karditsa[313] | Greece | Europe | EasyBike | EasyBike | March 2013 | 10 | 60 | ||
| Katowice[314] | Poland | Europe | City by bike | nextbike | May 2015 | 3 | 40 | ||
| Kavala[241][315] | Greece | Europe | EasyBike | EasyBike | 2013 | 4 | 52 | ||
| Kazan | Russia | Europe | Veli'k | May 2013 | 7 | 100 | |||
| Keratsini-Drapetsóna[241][316] | Greece | Europe | EasyBike | EasyBike | November 2012 | 6 | 70 | ||
| Kitchener, Ontario[317][318] | Canada | Americas | Community Access Bicycles | Community Access Bicycles | 2011, relaunched 21 August 2013 | 7 | 65 | ||
| Komotini[241][319] | Greece | Europe | EasyBike | EasyBike | 2013 | 6 | 100 | ||
| Kona District, Hawaii | United States | Americas | PBSC Urban Solutions | ||||||
| Konstancin | Poland | Europe | Konstanciński Rower Miejski | nextbike | 14 June 2014 | 5 | 55 | ||
| Konya | Turkey | Middle East | nextbike | nextbike | 40 | ||||
| Kraków | Poland | Europe | KMK Bike | SmartBikes Sp. z o.o. | October 2008 | 34 | 230 | ||
| Kunshan[320] | China | Asia | Forever Bicycle | September 2010 | 745 | 20,000 | |||
| Kyoto[321] | Japan | Asia | Community Cycle | 5 | |||||
| Lansing, MI | USA | Americas | Capital Community Bikeshare | A2B Bikeshare | 2014 | 8 | 20 | ||
| Lanxi | China | Asia | July 2014 | 50 | 1,500 | ||||
| Lanzhou | China | Asia | Lanzhou Public Bicycle | June 2014 | 111 | 2,000 | |||
| La Rochelle | France | Europe | Yélo | February 2010 (earlier system since 1974) | 63 | 300 | |||
| Lausanne | Switzerland | Europe | PubliBike | PubliBike | April 2013 (earlier system since 2009)[322] | 23 | 251 | ||
| Leipzig[323] | Germany | Europe | nextbike | nextbike | 2008 | 60 | 500 | ||
| Lhasa | China | Asia | November 2013 | 15 | 242 | ||||
| Lille | France | Europe | V'Lille | Keolis | 2011 | 215 | 1,100 | ||
| Limassol[324] | Cyprus | Europe | nextbike Cyprus | Nextbike | May 2012 | 13 | 170 | ||
| Limerick | Ireland | Europe | Coca-Cola Zero Bikes | National Transport Authority | 8 December 2014 | 23 | 215 | ||
| Linhai | China | Asia | June 2011 | 82 | 2,700 | ||||
| Lishui | China | Asia | February 2013 | 26 | 800 | ||||
| Liverpool | UK | Europe | City Bike | May 2014 | 130 | ||||
| Ljubljana[325] | Slovenia | Europe | Bicike(lj) | Cyclocity | 12 May 2011 | 33 | 215 | ||
| London[326][327] | UK | Europe | Santander Cycles (formerly Barclays Cycle Hire) | Bixi (operated by Serco) | 30 July 2010 | 785 | 11,800 | ||
| Los Angeles | USA | Americas | Metro Bike Share | B-Cycle | 7 July 2016 | 65 | 1000 | ||
| Lower Austria[328] | Austria | Europe | LEIHRADL nextbike | nextbike | 2009 | 295 | 1,300 | ||
| Łódź | Poland | Europe | Łódzki Rower Publiczny | nextbike | 30 April 2016 | 100 | 1000 | ||
| Lublin | Poland | Europe | Lubelski Rower Miejski | nextbike | 19 September 2014 | 43 | 430 | ||
| Lugano | Switzerland | Europe | PubliBike | PubliBike | 2010 | 9 | 88 | ||
| Lund | Sweden | Europe | Lundahoj | JCDecaux | 20 August 2014 | 17 | 250 | ||
| Luoyang | China | Asia | Luoyang Public Bicycle | 25 May 2013 | 35 | 1,000 | |||
| Luxembourg City[329] | Luxembourg | Europe | Vel'oh | March 2008 | 73 | 680 | |||
| Luzern | Switzerland | Europe | nextbike | nextbike | 2008 | 30 | 280 | ||
| Lyon[330] | France | Europe | Vélo'v | Cyclocity | 19 May 2005 | 346 | 3,200 | 22,725[244] | |
| Maanshan | China | Asia | Maanshan Public Bicycle | ||||||
| Madison, Wisconsin[331] | USA | Americas | Madison B-Cycle | B-Cycle | 2011 | 39 | 350 | ||
| Madrid[332] | Spain | Europe | BiciMAD | May 2014 | 123 | 1580 | |||
| Magdeburg | Germany | Europe | nextbike | nextbike | 2008 | 21 | 100 | ||
| Mainz | Germany | Europe | MVGmeinRad | July 2011 | 120 | 1,000 | |||
| Málaga, Andalucía | Spain | Europe | MálagaBici | Cemusa | 2013 | 20 | 400 | ||
| Malmö | Sweden | Europe | Malmö By Bike | Clear Channel | 14 May 2016 | 50 | 500 | ||
| Marathónas[242] | Greece | Europe | Cyclopolis | Cyclopolis | 2013 | 4 | 50 | ||
| Maroussi[241][333] | Greece | Europe | Cyclopolis | Cyclopolis | February 2013 | 6 | 70 | ||
| Marseille[334] | France | Europe | Le vélo | Cyclocity | 2007 | 122 | 672 | 2,484[244] | |
| Medellin[335] | Colombia | Americas | EnCicla | EnCicla (operated by The Metropolitan Area of Aburra Valley (http://www.metropol.gov.co) | 2011 | 50 | 1,400 | ||
| Melbourne[336] | Australia | Asia Pacific | Melbourne Bike Share | Bixi and 8D Technologies (operated by Motivate) | June 2010 | 50 | 600 | ||
| Mendoza[337] | Argentina | Americas | Metrobici | 2014 | 2 | 40 | |||
| Mexico City[338] | Mexico | Americas | Ecobici | Clear Channel | 2010 | 452 | 6,500 | 25,000 | |
| Miami Beach, Florida[339] | USA | Americas | Decobike | SandVault | 2011 | 100 | 1,000 | ||
| Milan | Italy | Europe | BikeMi | Clear Channel | 3 December 2008 | 280 | 4,650 | 19,000 | |
| Milwaukee, Wisconsin[340][341] | USA | Americas | Bublr Bikes | B-Cycle | 2014 | 28 | 200+ | ||
| Milton Keynes | UK | Europe | SantanderCyclesMK | CycleSaviours/ nextbike | 17 June 2016 | 42 | 300 | ||
| Minneapolis, Minnesota and Saint Paul, Minnesota[342][343] | USA | Americas | Nice Ride | Bixi and 8D Technologies | 2010 | 170 | 1,550 | ||
| Montpellier | France | Europe | Vélomagg' | Smoove | June 2007 | 52 | 2,414 | ||
| Montreal[344] | Canada | Americas | Bixi Montreal | Bixi and 8D Technologies | 2009 | 447 | 5,120 | 8,808 | |
| Moscháto-Távros[345] | Greece | Europe | Cyclopolis | Cyclopolis | January 2013 | 5 | 60 | ||
| Moscow | Russia | Europe | Smoove | May 2013 | 150 | 2750 | |||
| Mülheim a. Ruhr | Germany | Europe | metropolradruhr | nextbike | 2010 | 13 | 65 | ||
| Mulhouse[346] | France | Europe | VéloCité | Cyclocity | 15 September 2007 | 40 | 240 | 486[244] | |
| Munich | Germany | Europe | nextbike | nextbike | 2011 | 30 | 3,000 | ||
| Munich | Germany | Europe | Call a Bike | Call a Bike flex | March 2000 | N/A | |||
| Náfplion[241][347] | Greece | Europe | Cyclopolis | Cyclopolis | June 2013 | 4 | 60 | ||
| Namur[348] | Belgium | Europe | Libiavelo | Cyclocity | 21 April 2012 | 24 | 200 | ||
| Nancy[349] | France | Europe | VélOstan | Cyclocity | 27 September 2009 | 29 | 250 | 675[244] | |
| Nanning | China | Asia | December 2013 | 50 | 1,000 | ||||
| Nantes[350] | France | Europe | Bicloo | Cyclocity | May 2008 | 103 | 885 | 3,640[244] | |
| Nantong[351] | China | Asia | Nantong Economic and Technological Development Area Public Bicycle | Forever Publicbike Intelligent Systems | 1 January 2013 | 182 | 3,800 | ||
| Naupactus[241][352] | Greece | Europe | EasyBike | EasyBike | January 2013 | 4 | 60 | ||
| Nea Smyrni[242] | Greece | Europe | Cyclopolis | Cyclopolis | 2013 | 3 | 40 | ||
| New York City[353][354][355][356][357] | USA | Americas | Citi Bike | 8D Technologies (operated by Motivate) | 27 May 2013 | 508 | 8,000 | 25,066 | |
| Newcastle | UK | Europe | ScratchBikes (known as WhipBikes until 2011) | ScratchBikes | 2010 | 12 | 60 | ||
| Nice | France | Europe | Vélo Bleu | OYBike | July 2009 | 175 | 1,750 | ||
| Nicosia[358] | Cyprus | Europe | EasyBike | Brainbox Smoove | October 2011 | 27 | 315 | ||
| Ningbo | China | Asia | Ningbo Public Bicycle | September 2013 | 600 | 15,000 | |||
| Nottingham | UK | Europe | Ucycle | Sustrans & Evans Cycles | 2010 | 0 | 460 | ||
| Novi Sad | Serbia | Europe | NS Bike | Parking Servis | 2011 | 5 | 70 | ||
| Nyon, Gland | Switzerland | Europe | PubliBike | PubliBike | 2011 | 13 | 167 | ||
| Oberhausen | Germany | Europe | metropolradruhr | nextbike | 2010 | 8 | 40 | ||
| Offenburg | Germany | Europe | nextbike | nextbike | 2010 | 13 | 86 | ||
| Oklahoma City, Oklahoma[359] | USA | Americas | Spokies | Spokies | 2012 | 7 | 100 | ||
| Omaha, Nebraska[360] | USA | Americas | Omaha B-Cycle | B-Cycle | 2011 | 5 | 35 | ||
| Opole | Poland | Europe | Opole Bike | nextbike | 15 June 2012 | 16 | 164 | ||
| Orania, Northern Cape[361] | South Africa | Africa | Orania Openbare Fietsprojek | 16 July 2014 | 3 | 30 | |||
| Orléans | France | Europe | Vélo'+ | EFFIA | June 2007 | 33 | 300 | ||
| Oslo | Norway | Europe | Oslo Bysykkel | Clear Channel | 2003 | 106 | |||
| Padua | Italy | Europe | GoodBike Padova | 28 | |||||
| Palma | Spain | Europe | Bicipalma | 28 March 2011 | 28 | 336 | |||
| Pamplona | Spain | Europe | n'bici | July 2007 | 5 | 101 | |||
| Paris[362] | France | Europe | Vélib' | Cyclocity | 15 July 2007 | 1,229 | 14,500 | 108,090 | |
| Pau | France | Europe | IDEcycle | 20 | 220 | ||||
| Toledo[363] | Brazil | Americas | Toopedalando | Toopedalando | 2011 | 6 | 60 | ||
| Perpignan | France | Europe | BIP! | Clear Channel | February 2008 | 15 | 150 | ||
| Philadelphia, Pennsylvania[364] | USA | Americas | Indego | B-Cycle | 23 April 2015 | 60 | 600 | ||
| Phoenix, Arizona | USA | Americas | Grid Bike Share | CycleHop and Social Bicycles | 25 November 2014 | 40 | 500 | ||
| Pioltello[270] | Italy | Europe | Meglio in Bici | 5 May 2012 | 2 | 20 | |||
| Pisa[270] | Italy | Europe | Ciclopi | May 2013 | 15 | 200 | |||
| Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | USA | Americas | Healthy Ride PGH | nextbike | 2015 | 50 | 500 | ||
| Poitiers | France | Europe | Cap'Vélo | September 2007 | 360 | ||||
| Potsdam | Germany | Europe | nextbike | nextbike | 2010 | 20 | 150 | ||
| Portland, Oregon | USA | Americas | Biketown | 19 July 2016 | 100 | 1,000 | |||
| Poznań[365] | Poland | Europe | Poznański Rower Miejski | nextbike | April 2012 | 37 | 443 | ||
| Qingzhou | China | Asia | 2010 | 550 | 10,300 | ||||
| Quito | Ecuador | Americas | BiciQ | BiciQ | 2012 | 25 | 425 | ||
| Rennes[366] | France | Europe | LE vélo STAR | Clear Channel | June 1998 | 82 | 800 | ||
| Riga, Jurmala | Latvia | Europe | BalticBike | 20 | |||||
| Rimini[367] | Italy | Europe | Rimini in Bici | 16 | |||||
| Rio de Janeiro[368] | Brazil | Americas | Bike Rio | Mobilicidade | 2011 | 60 | 300 | ||
| Rome | Italy | Europe | Roma'n'Bike | 19 | 200 | ||||
| Rouen[369] | France | Europe | Cy'clic | Cyclocity | December 2007 | 21 | 190 | 419[244] | |
| Rzeszów | Poland | Europe | RoweRes | 2010 | 16 | ||||
| St. Etienne | France | Europe | Vélivert formerly Vélo Vert | Smoove | 26 June 2010 | 30 | 700 | ||
| Saint-Petersburg | Russia | Europe | Velororod | July 2014 | 96 | 800 | 1400 | ||
| Salt Lake City, Utah[370] | USA | Americas | SLC Bike Share | B-Cycle | 2013 | 12 | 100 | ||
| Salvador[371] | Brazil | Americas | Bike Salvador | Mobilicidade | 2013 | 23 | |||
| Salzburg | Austria | Europe | nextbike | nextbike | 2011 | ||||
| San Antonio, Texas[372] | USA | Americas | San Antonio B-Cycle | B-Cycle | 2011 | 68 | 600 | ||
| San Diego[373] | USA | Americas | DecoBike | DecoBike | February 2015 | 180 | 1,800 | ||
| San Francisco Bay Area[374] | USA | Americas | Bay Area Bike Share | PBSC Urban Solutions | 2013 | 70 | 600 | ||
| Santa Monica, California[375] | USA | Americas | Breeze | CycleHop and Social Bicycles | 13 August 2015 | 80 | 500 | ||
| Santander[376][377] | Spain | Europe | Tusbic | September 2008 | 15 | 180 | |||
| Santiago | Chile | Americas | Bikesantiago | B-Cycle | 2013 | 53 | |||
| São Paulo[378] | Brazil | Americas | Bikesampa | Mobilicidade | 2012 | 241 | 600 | ||
| Savannah, Georgia[379] | USA | Americas | CAT Bike | B-Cycle | 24 January 2014 | 2 | 16 | ||
| Seattle, Washington[380] | USA | Americas | Pronto Cycle Share | 8D Technologies (operated by Motivate) | 13 October 2014 | 50 | 500 | ||
| Seoul[381] | South Korea | Asia | Ddareungi | 15 October 2015 | 300 | 3000 | |||
| Seville[382] | Spain | Europe | Sevici | Cyclocity | April 2007 | 259 | 2,100 | ||
| Shanghai[383][384][385][386] | China | Asia | Forever Bicycle | March 2009 | 596 | 19,165 | |||
| Shaoxing[387] | China | Asia | Shaoxing Public Bicycle | 15 June 2011 | 204 | 9,000 | |||
| Shenzhen / Shekou / Xiaomeisha | China | Asia | Shenzhen City Bicycle Public | Forever Bicycle | September 2010 | 16 | 350 | ||
| Sion | Switzerland | Europe | PubliBike | PubliBike | 2010 | 7 | 69 | ||
| Slough | UK | Europe | Smoove | November 2013 | 4 | 60 | |||
| Sopot[365] | Poland | Europe | Rower Trójmiejski | nextbike | 5 September 2013 | 8 | 80 | ||
| Sorocaba[388] | Brazil | Americas | Integrabike | Mobilicidade | 2012 | 15 | 120 | ||
| Spartanburg, South Carolina[389] | USA | Americas | Spartanburg B-Cycle | B-Cycle | 2011 | 4 | 14 | ||
| Stockholm | Sweden | Europe | Stockholm City bikes | Clear Channel | April 2006 | 67 | 1,000 | ||
| Strasbourg | France | Europe | Vélhop | Smoove | October 2010 | 4 | 1,852 | ||
| Stuttgart | Germany | Europe | Call a Bike | Call a Bike fix | June 2007 | 64 | 400 | ||
| Suzhou | China | Asia | 2010 | 976 | 22,940 | ||||
| Sykiona[241][242] | Greece | Europe | Cyclopolis | Cyclopolis | 2013 | 24 | 3 | ||
| Szeged | Hungary | Europe | CityBike Szeged | CityBike Szeged | 2013 | 12 | 100 | ||
| Taipei[206][390] | Taiwan | Asia | YouBike | November 2009 | 196 | 6,046 | |||
| Taiyuan | China | Asia | September 2012 | 1,262 | 41,000 | ||||
| Taizhou, Jiangsu[391] | China | Asia | 2014 | 80 | 2,000 | ||||
| Taizhou, Zhejiang | China | Asia | 2010 | 200 | 13,000 | ||||
| Tampa, Florida[392] | USA | Americas | Coast Bike Share | CycleHop and Social Bicycles | 7 December 2014 | 30 | 300 | ||
| Tel Aviv[393] | Israel | Middle East | Tel-O-Fun | April 2016 | 200+ | 2,000 | |||
| Tirana[394] | Albania | Europe | Ecovolis | March 2011 | 8 | 200 | |||
| Toluca | Mexico | Americas | PBSC Urban Solutions | ||||||
| Toronto[395] | Canada | Americas | Bike Share Toronto (formerly Bixi Toronto) | PBSC Urban Solutions (Operated by Motivate since April 2014; formerly Bixi) | 2011 | 80 | 1,000 | ||
| Toruń | Poland | Europe | Toruński Rower Miejski | April 2014 | 12 | 120 | |||
| Toulouse[396] | France | Europe | VélôToulouse | Cyclocity | 16 November 2007 | 280 | 2,465 | 11,802[244] | |
| Toyama, Toyama[397] | Japan | Asia | Cyclocity Toyama | Cyclocity | 22 March 2010 | 17 | 130 | ||
| Trondheim | Norway | Europe | Trondheim City Bikes | Clear Channel | 10 | 125 | |||
| Tübingen | Germany | Europe | nextbike | nextbike | 2009 | 9 | 50 | ||
| Turin | Italy | Europe | ToBike | 4 March 2011 | 136 | 1,200 | |||
| Tübingen | Germany | Europe | nextbike | nextbike | 2009 | 9 | 50 | ||
| Urmia | Iran | Asia | U Bike | U Bike | 10 June 2016 | 20 | 250 | ||
| Valence, Drôme[398] | France | Europe | Libélo | Transdev Smoove | March 2010 | 20 | 380 | ||
| Valencia[399] | Spain | Europe | ValenbiSi! | Cyclocity | 22 June 2010 | 276 | 2,400 | ||
| Vancouver | Canada | Americas | Mobi | CycleHop | 20 July 2016 | 150 | 1,500 | ||
| Vannes | France | Europe | Vélocéa | OYBike | June 2009 | 20 | 174 | ||
| Velenje | Slovenia | Europe | BICY | MICikel | 18 September 2012 | 9 | 40 | ||
| Venaria Reale | Italy | Europe | ToBike | 10 | |||||
| Vevey | Switzerland | Europe | PubliBike | PubliBike | 2009 | 5 | 41 | ||
| Vienna[400] | Austria | Europe | Citybike | Cyclocity | June 2003 | 121 | 1500 | ||
| Vilnius[401] | Lithuania | Europe | CycloCity | Cyclocity | 2013 | 33 | 300 | ||
| Vila do Conde | Portugal | Europe | biConde | 5 June 2014 | 10 | 60 | |||
| Vorarlberg | Austria | Europe | nextbike | 2009 | 14 | 70 | |||
| Warsaw | Poland | Europe | Bemowo Bike | nextbike | 1 April 2012 | 15 | 140 | ||
| Warsaw[402] | Poland | Europe | Veturilo | nextbike | 1 August 2012 | 316 | 4,660 | ||
| Washington, D.C. area[403] | USA | Americas | Capital Bikeshare | Bixi and 8D Technologies (operated by Motivate) | 2010 | 344[404] | 2,800 | ||
| Weifang | China | Asia | Weifang Public Bicycle | October 2013 | 735 | 20,000 | |||
| Wrocław[405] | Poland | Europe | Wrocławski Rower Miejski | nextbike | June 2011 | 73 | 730 | ||
| Wuhu | China | Asia | 2012 | 553 | 12,000 | ||||
| Wuxi | China | Asia | Wuxibike | January 2010 | 27 | 1,500 | |||
| Xi'an | China | Asia | Xianbicycle | April 2011 | 900 | 20,000 | |||
| Xuzhou | China | Asia | September 2012 | 480 | 18,000 | ||||
| Yangzhou | China | Asia | March 2014 | 140 | 5,000 | ||||
| Yantai | China | Asia | August 2010 | 110 | 6,000 | ||||
| Yiwu | China | Asia | October 2013 | 52 | 1,000 | ||||
| Yixing | China | Asia | Yixing Public Bicycle | December 2012 | 148 | 3,600 | |||
| Yokohama | Japan | Asia | Baybike | April 2011 | 15 | 300 | |||
| Yueyang | China | Asia | April 2014 | 210 | 5,000 | ||||
| Zagreb[406] | Croatia | Europe | nextbike | nextbike | May 2013 | 10 | 70 | ||
| Zaragoza | Spain | Europe | Bizi | Clear Channel | 28 May 2008 | 130 | 1,000 | ||
| Zhangjiagang | China | Asia | Forever Bicycle | Forever Bicycle | June 2010 | 152 | 3,200 | ||
| Zhenjiang[407] | China | Asia | Zhenjiang Public Bicycle | 1 April 2013 | 80 | 2,000 | |||
| Zhijin | China | Asia | June 2014 | 30 | 1,000 | ||||
| Zhongshan | China | Asia | 2010 | 527 | 11,180 | ||||
| Zhuhai | China | Asia | December 2012 | 195 | 5,000 | ||||
| Zhuzhou | China | Asia | Foshan Tianzhou | May 2011 | 1005 | 20,000 | |||
| all over the country, mainly at railway stations | Netherlands | Europe | OV-fiets | OV-Fiets/Nederlandse Spoorwegen | 2003 | 230 | 5,000+ | ||
| several locations | Netherlands | Europe | Bikedispenser | ? | 2005 | 5 | 500 |
See also
References
- ↑ Keeping Bike Shares Running Smoothly Requires Seriously Complex Math, Gizmodo, 27 August 2014
- ↑ Midgley, P. (2011). Bicycle Sharing Schemes. Enhancing Sustainable Mobility in Urban Areas. United Nations
- ↑ Bike-Sharing Programs Hit the Streets in Over 500 Cities Worldwide; Earth Policy Institute; Larsen, Janet; 25 April 2013
- ↑ What you pay | Cycling | Transport for London. Tfl.gov.uk. Retrieved on 15 August 2013.
- ↑ Adshel
- ↑ Citybike Wien. "2015 Year in Review". Retrieved 1 August 2016.
- ↑ "Fees - Citybike Wien". citybikewien.at. Retrieved 2016-08-01.
- ↑ "Villo! bike sharing relieves public transport in Brussels (Belgium)". Eltis. 29 August 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
- ↑ Velo Antwerpen (27 August 2014). "VELO ANTWERPEN IN CIJFERS". Velo Antwerpen. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
- ↑ Go To Burgas (5 November 2015). "Go To Burgas: Cycling". Go To Burgas. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
- ↑ "BikeSharing.gr".
- ↑ "BICYCLE CULTURE". The Official Website of Denmark. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
- ↑ Bach, Ursula. "The New Bike Share System is a Perfect Fit for Copenhagen". Go Bike. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
- ↑ ""The Bike-sharing Phenomenon – The History of Bike-sharing", Paul DeMaio". Retrieved 15 January 2012.
- ↑ Carbusters magazine No. 36, November 2008
- ↑ Erlanger, Steven and De La Baume, Maïa, French Ideal of Bicycle-Sharing Meets Reality, The New York Times, 30 October 2009
- ↑ Erlanger, Steven and De La Baume, Maia, French Ideal of Bicycle-Sharing Meets Reality, The New York Times, 30 October 2009
- ↑ "Germany ranks third globally for quality infrastructure – eTurboNews.com" "For those that prefer exercise and the ultimate green way to get around on two wheels, Germany even features the "Call a Bike" program in eight cities and at over 40 train stations."
- ↑ "Call a Bike: Überblick". callabike-interaktiv.de.
- 1 2 "Newsbeast.gr – ΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΑ : Ορθοπεταλιές ενάντια στη ρύπανση και την ακρίβεια". newsbeast.gr.
- ↑ Κέρκυρα: Σύστημα αυτόματης ενοικίασης ποδηλάτων
- ↑ Τα Νέα Οnline (6 September 2010). "Ενοικιαζόμενες ορθοπεταλιές". Τα Νέα Οnline.
- ↑ George Voulgaroudis. "100 ποδήλατα EasyBike στον Δήμο Ηρακλείου". easybike.gr.
- ↑ "Ηράκλειο : Δωρεάν διάθεση ποδηλάτων για χρήση στη παραλιακή λεωφόρο : Πόλεις και Πολιτικές". citybranding.gr.
- ↑ Το Πρώτο Σύστημα Κοινόχρηστων Ποδηλάτων στο Α.Π.Θ.
- ↑ Átadták az EBI-t | Szeretgom.hu 20 September 2013.
- ↑ hvg.hu – A hévízi közbringa is beelőzte a BuBit
- ↑ "CityBike".
- ↑ "Jövő héten indul a Citybike". delmagyar.hu.
- ↑ Bubi
- ↑ "Itt a GyőrBike: Győrben is elindult a közbringa!". HG.HU - Design meets Life.
- 1 2 http://kaposvarmost.hu/videok/kaposvar-most/2015/10/27/matol-barki-hasznalhatja-a-kozbiciklit.html
- ↑ "One million journeys / News / Magazine / Dublin – Dublinbikes". Dublinbikes.ie. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
- ↑ "Two-wheel triumph: Fewer than 12 free Dublin Bikes stolen in four years". Irish Independent. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
- ↑ "Cycling in the Netherlands"(PDF)(page 48). Rijkswaterstaat (Dutch Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management)
- ↑ "Annual Report 2014" (PDF). Bouwen aanaantrekkelijk OV. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
- ↑
- ↑ "Moscow Launches VeloBike with Smoove Bike Share Equipment". Cyclehop. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
- ↑ "SHARED CYCLING BOOMS IN RUSSIA". Think Russia. 31 July 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
- ↑ Foster, Hebe (29 May 2015). "How to Rent, Buy and Transport a Bike in Moscow". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
- ↑ HNtelevízia (2016-11-14), Naživo: Verejná diskusia primátora. Hovorí o parkovacej politike, retrieved 2016-11-18
- ↑ ""City Bikes" program lets you tour Stockholm on two wheels". Euro Cheapo. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
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- ↑ Walker, Don (6 August 2014). "City bike share stations to launch downtown in coming weeks". Jsonline.com. Retrieved 17 August 2014.
- ↑ "Bublr Network More Than Doubles!".
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- ↑ "Bixi expands to Longueuil, hikes annual fee to $80.50". The Gazette. 17 March 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
- ↑ "Κοινόχρηστα ποδήλατα σε Μοσχάτο-Ταύρο". iNewsgr.com.
- ↑ "VLS & Stats, ville". ifsttar.fr.
- ↑ Econews. "Κοινόχρηστα ποδήλατα στο Ναύπλιο – Ξεκίνησε το πρόγραμμα".
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- ↑ "VLS & Stats, ville". ifsttar.fr.
- ↑ "VLS & Stats, ville". ifsttar.fr.
- ↑ "南通市区公共自行车服务指南".
- ↑ Τμήμα Ειδήσεων AGV (5 February 2013). "Στο δίκτυο πόλεων με κοινόχρηστα ποδήλατα η Ναύπακτος!". Agrinio VOICE.
- ↑ New York City Bike Share Program Will Have 10,000 Bikes, 600 Stations, Ecogeek, by Megan Treacy, 14 September 2011, Accessed 30 December 2011
- ↑ "Citi Bike – Your bike sharing system in New York City". citibikenyc.com.
- ↑ "Chicago, Like New York, Facing Bike-Share Delay – Metropolis – WSJ". The Wall Street Journal.
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- ↑ "Cycle of Citi Bike suffering ends here". Crain's New York Business.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120112122752/http://www.cyprus-mail.com/nicosia/bike-sharing-scheme-launched/20111027. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012. Retrieved 27 October 2011. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "Spokies OKC".
- ↑ B-cycle: Grab it, ride it, return it – LivewellNebraska.com
- ↑ {{country data {{{1}}} | flaglink/core | variant = | size = | name = | altlink =national American football team | altvar =American football }}(Orania Public Bicycle Project)
- ↑ "VLS & Stats, ville". ifsttar.fr.
- ↑ "Portal do Município de Toledo - Paraná".
- ↑ "Bike-share not coming to Phila. till spring". Philly.com.
- 1 2 "Poznański Rower Miejski".
- ↑ "VLS & Stats, ville". ifsttar.fr.
- ↑ "Riminibici: il bike sharing del Comune di Rimini".
- ↑ "Bike Rio".
- ↑ "VLS & Stats, ville". ifsttar.fr.
- ↑ "Salt Lake City rolls out bike-share plans". Retrieved 22 June 2012.
- ↑
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- ↑ "DecoBike San Diego FAQ". Retrieved 30 September 2013.
- ↑ "Bay Area Bike Share Program Launches".
- ↑ "L.A. Now". Los Angeles Times. 11 September 2012.
- ↑ "Doscientas bicicletas nuevas, en funcionamiento las 24 horas del día". eldiariomontanes.es.
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- ↑ "BikeSampa".
- ↑ "Savannah bike share program set to begin in January". savannahnow.com.
- ↑ Trujillo, Joshua (13 October 2014). "Seattle bike share kicks off". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
- ↑ "Seoul City's new bike-sharing service promotes greener capital". The Korea Herald. July 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
- ↑ "VLS & Stats, ville". ifsttar.fr.
- ↑ Shanghai launches Paris-style bicycle rental programme
- ↑ Forever Bike Rental, TimeOut Shanghai, 9 November 2012
- ↑ Free bikes solve commuters’ problems, Minhang Times, 25 April 2009
- ↑ Free rental bikes missing, SCMP, 22 February 2013
- ↑
- ↑ Urbes – Trânsito e Transportes
- ↑ "Spartanburg B-cycle is the First Bike Sharing System in the Southeast".
- ↑ "Rental bike scheme gains popularity". taipeitimes.com.
- ↑ "泰州市政府门户网站 简介".
- ↑ "Tampa bike share organizers finalizing details for April launch".
- ↑ Mounting Bikes (Hebrew), Tel-Aviv Municipality website, retrieved 19 February 2011
- ↑ "Disa fjalë Rreth Nesh".
- ↑ "BIXI: Phase II to begin this summer". Bixi.ca. 3 July 2009. Archived from the original on 20 July 2009. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
- ↑ "VLS & Stats, ville". ifsttar.fr.
- ↑ "VLS & Stats, ville". ifsttar.fr.
- ↑ Drôme hebdo by Smoove, operated by Citébus from Transdev.
- ↑ "VLS & Stats, ville". ifsttar.fr.
- ↑ http://www.citybikecard.at/Standortliste_csv.php
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- ↑ "21 nowych stacji Veturilo już działa! » Veturilo".
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- ↑ Capital Bikeshare (20 November 2014). "Capital Bikeshare on Twitter". Retrieved 20 November 2014.
- ↑ "Wrocławski Rower Miejski".
- ↑ "Sustav javnih bicikala".
- ↑ "镇江市公共自行车--镇江市公共自行车由常州永安公共自行车系统有限公司承建".