List of Prime Ministers of Finland
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This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Finland |
Legislative
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This is a list of Prime Ministers of Finland since the establishment of that office in 1917.
History
In 1918, the Finnish Senate was transformed into the Council of State (or cabinet) of Finland, and the position of Vice-Chairman of the Economic Division of the Senate was transformed into that of a Prime Minister. Kesäranta (in Swedish Villa Bjälbo), located in the Meilahti area of Helsinki, has been the official residence of the Prime Minister of Finland since 1919.
Since its independence (declared on 6 December 1917), Finland has had 72 cabinets,[1] including the current one, the longest lasting being the two cabinets of Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen, both lasting 1,464 days.
Before the 1980s cabinets tended to be short-lived: the President was the most important political figure and he had the right to form a new cabinet whenever he wanted. From the 1980s onwards cabinets have tended to serve full terms (although the Prime Minister may have changed midterm in a few cases, most of the other cabinet has remained nearly unchanged) and the Prime Minister has become more powerful a figure than the President. Under the current constitution the Prime Minister is chosen by the Parliament and only appointed by the President.
List of Prime Ministers
№ | Prime Minister | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Party | Election | Coalition | Cabinet | ||
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1 | Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (1861–1944) | 27 November 1917 | 27 May 1918 | days | 181Young Finnish | 1917 | SP–NSP–ML–RKP (Minority) | 1. Svinhufvud I | ||
2 | Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1870–1956) | 27 May 1918 | 27 November 1918 | days | 184Finnish | — | SP/KOK–NSP/ED–ML–RKP (Minority) | 2. Paasikivi I | ||
3 | Lauri Ingman (1868–1934) | 27 November 1918 | 17 April 1919 | days | 141National Coalition | — | KOK–ED–RKP | 3. Ingman I (Majority) | ||
4 | Kaarlo Castrén (1860–1938) | 17 April 1919 | 15 August 1919 | days | 120National Progressive | 1919 | ML–ED–RKP | 4. K.Castrén (Minority) | ||
5 | Juho Vennola (1872–1938) | 15 August 1919 | 15 March 1920 | days | 213National Progressive | — | ML–ED | 5. Vennola I (Minority) | ||
6 | Rafael Erich (1879–1946) | 15 March 1920 | 9 April 1921 | year, 25 days | 1National Coalition | — | KOK–ML–ED–RKP | 6. Erich (Majority) | ||
7 | Juho Vennola (1872–1938) | 9 April 1921 | 2 June 1922 | year, 54 days | 1National Progressive | — | ML–ED | 7. Vennola II (Minority) | ||
8 | Aimo Cajander (1879–1943) | 2 June 1922 | 14 November 1922 | days | 165Independent | 1922 | Caretaker government | 8. Cajander I | ||
9 | Kyösti Kallio (1873–1940) | 14 November 1922 | 18 January 1924 | year, 65 days | 1Agrarian | — | ML–ED (Minority) | 9. Kallio I | ||
10 | Aimo Cajander (1879–1943) | 18 January 1924 | 31 May 1924 | days | 134Independent | 1924 | Caretaker government | 10. Cajander II | ||
11 | Lauri Ingman (1868–1934) | 31 May 1924 | 31 March 1925 | days | 304National Coalition | — | KOK–ML–ED–RKP (Majority) | 11. Ingman II | ||
12 | Antti Tulenheimo (1879–1952) | 31 March 1925 | 31 December 1925 | days | 275National Coalition | — | KOK–ML (Minority) | 12. Tulenheimo | ||
13 | Kyösti Kallio (1873–1940) | 31 December 1925 | 13 December 1926 | days | 347Agrarian | — | ML–KOK (Minority) | 13. Kallio II | ||
14 | Väinö Tanner (1881–1966) | 13 December 1926 | 17 December 1927 | year, 4 days | 1Social Democratic | — | SDP (Minority) | 14. Tanner | ||
15 | Juho Sunila (1875–1936) | 17 December 1927 | 22 December 1928 | year, 5 days | 1Agrarian | 1927 | ML (Minority) | 15. Sunila I | ||
16 | Oskari Mantere (1874–1942) | 22 December 1928 | 16 August 1929 | days | 237National Progressive | — | ED (Minority) | 16. Mantere | ||
17 | Kyösti Kallio (1873–1940) | 16 August 1929 | 4 July 1930 | days | 322Agrarian | 1929 | ML (Minority) | 17. Kallio III | ||
18 | Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (1861–1944) | 4 July 1930 | 18 February 1931 | days | 229National Coalition | 1930 | ML–KOK–ED–RKP (Majority) | 18. Svinhufvud II | ||
19 | Juho Sunila (1875–1936) | 21 March 1931 | 14 December 1932 | year, 300 days | 1Agrarian | — | ML–KOK–ED–RKP (Majority) | 19. Sunila II | ||
20 | Toivo Mikael Kivimäki (1886–1968) | 15 December 1932 | 7 October 1936 | years, 298 days | 3National Progressive | 1933 | ML–ED–RKP (Minority) | 20. Kivimäki | ||
21 | Kyösti Kallio (1873–1940) | 7 October 1936 | 17 February 1937 | days | 133Agrarian | 1936 | ML–ED (Minority) | 21. Kallio IV | ||
22 | Aimo Cajander (1879–1943) | 12 March 1937 | 1 December 1939 | years, 264 days | 2National Progressive | 1939 | SDP–ML–ED–RKP (Majority) | 22. Cajander | ||
23 | Risto Ryti (1889–1956) | 1 December 1939 | 19 December 1940 | year, 18 days | 1National Progressive | — — | SDP–ML–ED–RKP (Majority) SDP–ML–KOK–ED–RKP (Majority) | 23. Ryti I 24. Ryti II | ||
24 | Johan Wilhelm Rangell (1894–1982) | 3 January 1941 | 5 March 1943 | years, 61 days | 2National Progressive | — | SDP–ML–KOK–RKP–ED–IKL (Majority) | 25. Rangell | ||
25 | Edwin Linkomies (1894–1963) | 5 March 1943 | 8 August 1944 | year, 156 days | 1National Coalition | — | KOK–SDP–ML–RKP–ED (Majority) | 26. Linkomies | ||
26 | Antti Hackzell (1881–1946) | 8 August 1944 | 21 September 1944 | days | 44Independent | — | KOK–SDP–ML–RKP–ED (Majority) | 27. Hackzell | ||
27 | Urho Castrén (1886–1965) | 21 September 1944 | 17 November 1944 | days | 57National Coalition | — | KOK–SDP–ML–RKP–ED (Majority) | 28. U.Castrén | ||
28 | Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1870–1956) | 17 November 1944 | 9 March 1946 | year, 112 days | 1Independent | — 1945 | SDP–SKDL–ML–KOK–RKP–ED (Majority) SDP–SKDL–ML–ED–RKP (Majority) | 29. Paasikivi II 30. Paasikivi III | ||
29 | Mauno Pekkala (1890–1952) | 26 March 1946 | 29 July 1948 | years, 142 days | 2People's Democratic | — | SKDL–SDP–ML–RKP (Majority) | 31. Pekkala | ||
30 | Karl-August Fagerholm (1901–1984) | 29 July 1948 | 17 March 1950 | year, 231 days | 1Social Democratic | 1948 | SDP (Minority) | 32. Fagerholm I | ||
31 | Urho Kekkonen (1900–1986) | 17 March 1950 | 17 November 1953 | years, 245 days | 3Agrarian | — — 1951 — | ML–RKP–ED (Minority) ML–SDP–RKP–ED (Majority) ML–SDP–RKP (Majority) ML–RKP (Minority) | 33. Kekkonen I 34. Kekkonen II 35. Kekkonen III 36. Kekkonen IV | ||
32 | Sakari Tuomioja (1911–1964) | 17 November 1953 | 5 May 1954 | days | 169Independent | — | Caretaker government | 37. Tuomioja | ||
33 | Ralf Törngren (1899–1961) | 5 May 1954 | 20 October 1954 | days | 168Swedish People's | 1954 | SDP–ML–RKP (Majority) | 38. Törngren | ||
34 | Urho Kekkonen (1900–1986) | 20 October 1954 | 3 March 1956 | year, 135 days | 1Agrarian | — | ML–SDP (Majority) | 39. Kekkonen V | ||
35 | Karl-August Fagerholm (1901–1984) | 3 March 1956 | 27 May 1957 | year, 85 days | 1Social Democratic | — | SDP–ML–RKP (Majority) | 40. Fagerholm II | ||
36 | V. J. Sukselainen (1906–1995) | 27 May 1957 | 29 November 1957 | days | 186Agrarian | — | ML–RKP–KP–TPSL (Majority) | 41. Sukselainen I | ||
37 | Rainer von Fieandt (1890–1972) | 29 November 1957 | 26 April 1958 | days | 148Independent | — | Caretaker government | 42. von Fieandt | ||
38 | Reino Kuuskoski (1907–1965) | 26 April 1958 | 29 August 1958 | days | 125Independent | — | Caretaker government | 43. Kuuskoski | ||
39 | Karl-August Fagerholm (1901–1984) | 29 August 1958 | 13 January 1959 | days | 137Social Democratic | 1958 | SDP–ML–KOK–RKP–KP (Majority) | 44. Fagerholm III | ||
40 | V. J. Sukselainen (1906–1995) | 13 January 1959 | 14 July 1961 | years, 182 days | 2Agrarian | — | ML–RKP (Minority) | 45. Sukselainen II | ||
41 | Martti Miettunen (1907–2002) | 14 July 1961 | 13 April 1962 | days | 273Agrarian | — | ML (Minority) | 46. Miettunen I | ||
42 | Ahti Karjalainen (1923–1990) | 13 April 1962 | 18 December 1963 | year, 249 days | 1Agrarian | 1962 | ML–KOK–RKP–KP–TPSL (Majority) | 47. Karjalainen I | ||
43 | Reino Ragnar Lehto (1898–1966) | 18 December 1963 | 12 September 1964 | days | 269Independent | — | Caretaker government | 48. Lehto | ||
44 | Johannes Virolainen (1914–2000) | 12 September 1964 | 27 May 1966 | year, 257 days | 1Agrarian | — | ML–KOK–RKP–KP (Majority) | 49. Virolainen | ||
45 | Rafael Paasio (1903–1980) | 27 May 1966 | 22 March 1968 | year, 300 days | 1Social Democratic | 1966 | SDP–KESK–SKDL–TPSL (Majority) | 50. Paasio I | ||
46 | Mauno Koivisto (born 1923) | 22 March 1968 | 14 May 1970 | years, 53 days | 2Social Democratic | — | SDP–KESK–SKDL–TPSL–RKP (Majority) | 51. Koivisto I | ||
47 | Teuvo Aura (1912–1999) | 14 May 1970 | 15 August 1970 | days | 93Independent | — | Caretaker government | 52. Aura I | ||
48 | Ahti Karjalainen (1923–1990) | 15 August 1970 | 29 October 1971 | year, 75 days | 1Centre | 1970 | KESK–SDP–SKDL–RKP–LKP (Majority) | 53. Karjalainen II | ||
49 | Teuvo Aura (1912–1999) | 29 October 1971 | 23 February 1972 | days | 117Independent | — | Caretaker government | 54. Aura II | ||
50 | Rafael Paasio (1903–1980) | 23 February 1972 | 4 September 1972 | days | 194Social Democratic | 1972 | SDP (Minority) | 55. Paasio II | ||
51 | Kalevi Sorsa (1930–2004) | 4 September 1972 | 13 June 1975 | years, 282 days | 2Social Democratic | — | SDP–KESK–RKP–LKP (Majority) | 56. Sorsa I | ||
52 | Keijo Liinamaa (1929–1980) | 13 June 1975 | 30 November 1975 | days | 170Independent | — | Caretaker government | 57. Liinamaa | ||
53 | Martti Miettunen (1907–2002) | 30 November 1975 | 15 May 1977 | year, 166 days | 1Centre | 1975 — | KESK–RKP–LKP (Minority) | 58. Miettunen II 59. Miettunen III (Majority) | ||
54 | Kalevi Sorsa (1930–2004) | 15 May 1977 | 26 April 1979 | year, 346 days | 1Social Democratic | — | SDP–KESK–SKDL–RKP–LKP (Majority) | 60. Sorsa II | ||
55 | Mauno Koivisto (born 1923) | 26 May 1979 | 26 January 1982 | years, 275 days | 2Social Democratic | 1979 | SDP–KESK–SKDL–RKP (Majority) | 61. Koivisto II | ||
56 | Kalevi Sorsa (1930–2004) | 19 February 1982 | 30 April 1987 | years, 70 days | 5Social Democratic | — 1983 | SDP–KESK–SKDL–RKP–LKP SDP–KESK–RKP–SMP (Majority) | 62. Sorsa III 63. Sorsa IV | ||
57 | Harri Holkeri (1937–2011) | 30 April 1987 | 26 April 1991 | years, 361 days | 3National Coalition | 1987 | KOK–SDP–RKP–SMP (Majority) | 64. Holkeri | ||
58 | Esko Aho (born 1954) | 26 April 1991 | 13 April 1995 | years, 352 days | 3Centre | 1991 | KESK–KOK–RKP–KD (Majority) | 65. Aho | ||
59 | Paavo Lipponen (born 1941) | 13 April 1995 | 17 April 2003 | years, 4 days | 8Social Democratic | 1995 1999 | SDP–KOK–RKP–VAS–VIHR (Majority) | 66. Lipponen I 67. Lipponen II | ||
60 | Anneli Jäätteenmäki (born 1955) | 17 April 2003 | 24 June 2003 | days | 68Centre | 2003 | KESK–SDP–RKP (Majority) | 68. Jäätteenmäki | ||
61 | Matti Vanhanen (born 1955) | 24 June 2003 | 22 June 2010 | years, 363 days | 6Centre | — 2007 | KESK–SDP–RKP (Majority) (2003 – 2007) KESK–KOK–RKP–VIHR (Majority) (2007 – 2010) | 69. Vanhanen I 70. Vanhanen II | ||
62 | Mari Kiviniemi (born 1968) | 22 June 2010 | 22 June 2011 | year, 0 days | 1Centre | — | KESK–KOK–RKP–VIHR (Majority) | 71. Kiviniemi | ||
63 | Jyrki Katainen (born 1971) | 22 June 2011 | 24 June 2014 | years, 2 days | 3National Coalition | 2011 | KOK–SDP–RKP–VAS–VIHR–KD (Majority) | 72. Katainen | ||
64 | Alexander Stubb (born 1968) | 24 June 2014 | 29 May 2015 | days | 339National Coalition | — | KOK–SDP–RKP–VIHR–KD (Majority) | 73. Stubb | ||
65 | Juha Sipilä (born 1961) | 29 May 2015 | Incumbent | year, 193 days | 1Centre | 2015 | KESK–PS–KOK (Majority) | 74. Sipilä |
Interim Prime Ministers
Name (Born-Died) |
Portrait | Term of office | Party | Note | ||
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Juho Vennola (1872–1938) |
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18 February 1931 | 21 March 1931 | National Progressive Party | Substitute to Svinhufvud, who became President of Finland | |
Rudolf Holsti (1881–1945) |
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17 February 1937 | 12 March 1937 | National Progressive Party | Substitute to Kyösti Kallio, who became President of Finland | |
Rudolf Walden (1878–1946) |
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27 March 1940 | 4 January 1941 | Non-partisan | Substitute to Risto Ryti, who became President of Finland | |
Carl Enckell (1876–1959) |
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9 March 1946 | 26 March 1946 | Non-partisan | Substitute to Juho Kusti Paasikivi, who became President of Finland | |
Eemil Luukka (1892–1970) |
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3 July 1961 | 14 July 1961 | Agrarian League | Substitute to V.J Sukselainen who resigned from office | |
Eino Uusitalo (1924–2015) |
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11 September 1981 | 19 February 1982 | Centre Party | Substitute to Mauno Koivisto, who became first Acting President of Finland and later President of the Republic of Finland |
See also
References
- ↑ Finnish Council of State. "The Cabinet in Office". Finnish Council of State. Retrieved June 23, 2010.
External links
Media related to Prime ministers of Finland at Wikimedia Commons