List of Neo-Hittite kings
Yariri (r.) and Kamani (l.), successive rulers of the Neo-Hittite state Carchemish on a Hieroglyphic Luwian relief
The Neo-Hittite states are sorted according to their geographical position.
All annual details are BC.
The contemporary sources name the language they are written in. Those can be:
Also post-Neo-Hittite rulers and the Hittite viceroys of Carchemish are listed for completeness. Post-Neo-Hittite rulers are named as such.
Carchemish (Hittite Karkamissa, Luwian Karkamis)
For complete dynastic history also the Viceroys of Carchemish from the Hittite empire period are listed here.
Viceregal dynasty[4] (dynasty of Tudḫaliya I) |
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Piyassili/Šarri-Kušuḫ | ca. 1321 - 1309 | first viceroy of Carchemish, son of Suppiluliuma I | Hittite |
Sahurunuwa | since 1309 | son of Piyassili/Šarri-Kušuḫ | Hittite |
Ini-Teššub I | at the time of Hattusili III and Tudhaliya IV, about 60 years | son of Sahurunuwa | Hittite |
Talmi-Teššub | at the time of Suppiluliuma II | son of Ini-Teššub I | Hittite |
Dynasty of Great Kings (dynasty of Tudhaliya I continued) |
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Kuzi-Teššub | ca. 1200/ early - mid 12th century/ 1180 - 1150[5] | son of Talmi-Teššub; assumed the title of Great King of Carchemish | Luwian |
Mazakarhuha | early - mid 12th century | reign unclear | Luwian |
Ir-Teššub | mid/later 12th century | reign unclear, synonym Iri-Teššub | Luwian |
Ini-Teššub II | ca. 1100/ later 12th - early 11th century | reign unclear | Assyrian |
Tudhaliya | possibly 11th or 10th century | Reign unclear, possibly succeeded Uratarhunza instead, possibly preceded Ir-Teššub instead | Luwian |
x-paziti | possibly later 11th or 10th century/ possibly early 10th century | possibly Sipaziti or Sapaziti | Luwian |
Uratarhunza | possibly later 11th or 10th century | son of x-paziti | Luwian |
Dynasty of Suhi |
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Suhi I | possibly early[6] 10th century | | Luwian |
Astuwalamanza | possibly mid[7] 10th century | son of Suhi I, previously read Astuwatamanza | Luwian |
Suhi II | possibly late[9] 10th century | son of Astuwatamanza | Luwian |
Katuwa | possibly 10th or early 9th century/ ca. 880? | son of Suhi II | Luwian |
Sangara | ca. 870 - 848 | | Assyrian |
Dynasty of Astiruwa |
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Astiruwa | end 9th - beginning 8th century/ ca.848 - 790[11] | synonym Astiru or Astiru I | Luwian |
Yariri | early - mid 8th century/ ca. 790[14] | "subject of Astiruwa", regent, possibly eunuch | Luwian |
Kamani | early - mid 8th century/ ca. 760[15]/ca. 738 | son of Astiruwa | Luwian |
Sastura | mid 8th century | reign unclear, vizier of Kamani | Luwian |
son of Sastura | 2nd half 8th century | possibly identical with Pisiri, possibly also known as Astiru II | Luwian |
Pisiri | ca. 738 - 717 | | Assyrian |
Melid (Luwian Malizi)
Dynasty of Kuzi-Teššub (dynasty of Tudḫaliya I) |
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Kuzi-Teššub | ca. 1200/ early - mid 12th century/ 1180 - 1150[19] | king of Carchemish | Luwian |
PUGNUS-mili I | later 12th century | son of Kuzi-Teššub | Luwian |
Runtiya | later 12th century | son of PUGNUS-mili I | Luwian |
Arnuwanti I | later 12th century | brother of Runtiya | Luwian |
PUGNUS-mili II | late 12th - early 11th century/ ca. 1112 | son of Arnuwanti I, Assyrian possibly Allumari | Luwian, Assyrian? |
Arnuwanti II | late 12th - early 11th century | son of PUGNUS-mili II | Luwian |
PUGNUS-mili III | possibly 11th or early 10th century | reign unclear | Luwian |
Dynasty of CRUS + RA/I-sa |
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
CRUS + RA/I-sa | possibly 11th - 10th century | name possibly Taras | Luwian |
Wasu(?)runtiya | possibly 11th - 10th century | son of CRUS + RA/I-sa | Luwian |
Halpasulupi | possibly 11th - 10th century | son of Wasu(?)runtiya | Luwian |
Later rulers |
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Suwarimi | possibly 11th or 10th century | reign unclear | Luwian |
Mariti | possibly 11th or 10th century | son of Suwarimi | Luwian |
Sahwi | | identical with Sahu? Then later | Luwian |
Sa(?)tiruntiya | | identical with Hilaruada? Then later | Luwian |
Lalli | min. 853 - 835 | | Assyrian |
opponent of Zakur of Hamath | early 8th century | identical with Sahu/Sahwi? | Aramaic |
Sahu | early 8th century | identical with Sahwi? | Urartian |
unknown king | early 8th century | Urartian tributary, identical with Sahu? | Urartian |
Hilaruada | ca. 784/780 - 760/750 | Synonym Helaruada, identical with Sa(?)tiruntiya? | Urartian |
Sulumal | 743 - 732 | | Assyrian |
Gunzinanu | ca. 720/719 | deposed by Assyrians, synonym Gunzianu | Assyrian |
Tarhunazi | ca. 719-712 | installed by Assyrians instead of Gunzinanu | Assyrian |
Muwatalli | 713 - 708 | Assyrian Mutallu, king of Kummuh, installed by Assyrians | Assyrian |
Assyrian rule | since 708 | | Assyrian |
Mugallu | 675 - 651 | independent king, post-Neo-Hittite ruler | Babylonian, Assyrian |
x-ussi | ca. 640 | son of Mugallu, post-Neo-Hittite ruler | Assyrian |
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Hattusili I | ca. 866 - ca. 857 | Assyrian Qatazilu or Qatazili | Assyrian |
Kundašpu | ca. 856/853 | synonym Kundašpi | Assyrian |
Suppiluliuma | 805 - 773 | Assyrian Ušpilulume, Assyrian tributary | Luwian, Assyrian |
Hattusili II | mid 8th century | son of Suppiluliuma | Luwian |
Kuštašpi | ca. 750/ ca. 755 - 730 | Urartian and Assyrian tributary | Urartian, Assyrian |
Muwatalli | 712 - 708 | Assyrian Mutallu, installed by Assyrians | Assyrian |
The two dynasties |
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Hapatila | late 10th - early 9th century | dynasty A | Luwian |
Ariyahina | late 10th - early 9th century | grandson of Hapatila, dynasty A | Luwian |
father of Hamiyata | late 10th - early 9th century | usurper, dynasty B | Luwian |
Hamiyata | late 10th - early 9th century | dynasty B | Luwian |
son of Hamiyata | early - mid 9th century | dynasty B | Luwian |
son of Ariyahina | mid 9th century | dynasty A | Luwian |
Bit-Adini regime |
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Ahuni | 856/ 875 - 855 | | Assyrian |
Gurgum (Luwian Kurkuma)
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Astuwaramanza | late 11th century | | Luwian |
Muwatalli I | early 10th century | son of Astuwaramanza | Luwian |
Larama I | ca. 950 | son of Muwatalli I | Luwian |
Muwizi | later 10th century | son of Larama I | Luwian |
Halparuntiya I | earlier 9th century | son of Muwizi | Luwian |
Muwatalli II | 858 | son of Halparuntiya I, Assyrian Mutallu | Luwian, Assyrian |
Halparuntiya II | ca. 853/ 855 - 830 | son of Muwatalli II, Assyrian Qalparunda | Luwian, Assyrian |
Larama II | later 9th century | son of Halparuntiya II, Assyrian Palalam | Luwian, Assyrian |
Halparuntiya III | 805 - ca. 800/780 | son of Larama II, Assyrian Qalparunda | Luwian, Assyrian |
Tarhulara | 743 - ca. 711 | | Assyrian |
Muwatalli III | ca. 711 | son of Tarhulara, Assyrian Mutallu | Assyrian |
Early rulers |
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Taita | 11th or 10th century | possibly Philistine, king of Tell Tayinat; also interpretable as two kings of the same name: Taita I in 11th century and Taita II in 10th century | Luwian |
Manana | 10th century | | Luwian |
Suppiluliuma I | 10th century | | Luwian |
Halparuntiya I | 10th century | reign unclear | Luwian |
"Dynasty of Lubarna" |
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Labarna I | ca. 875/870 - 858? | Assyrian Lubarna | Assyrian |
Suppiluliuma II | 858/857 | Assyrian Sapalulme | Assyrian |
Halparuntiya II | 858/857 - 853 | Assyrian Qalparunda | Luwian, Assyrian |
Labarna II | 831/829 | Assyrian Lubarna | Assyrian |
Later rulers |
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Surri | 831 | usurper | Assyrian |
Sasi | 831 | Assyrian tributary | Assyrian |
Tutammu | 738 | | Assyrian |
Hamath (Luwian Imat)
Early rulers |
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Toi | early 10th century | synonym Tou | Old Testament (2 Samuel 8:9) |
Dynasty of Parita |
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Parita | 1st half 9th century | | Luwian |
Urahilina | 853 - 845 | son of Parita, previously read Urhilina, Assyrian Irhuleni | Luwian, Assyrian |
Uratami | ca. 830/840 - 820 | son of Urahilina, Assyrian possibly Rudamu | Luwian, Assyrian? |
Later rulers |
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Zakur | ca. 800 | synonym Zakkur | Aramaic |
Azri-Yau | 738 | reign unclear | Assyrian |
Eni-Ilu | 738 | | Assyrian |
Yau-bidi | 720 | synonym Ilu-bidi | Assyrian |
Tabal
Divides into Tabal "Proper" and other localities.
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Tuwati I | 837 | Assyrian Tuatti | Assyrian |
Kikki | 837 | son of Tuwati I | Assyrian |
Tuwati II | mid 8th century | | Luwian |
Wasusarma | ca. 740/38 - 730 | son of Tuwati II, Assyrian Wassurme | Luwian, Assyrian |
Hulli | 730 - 726 | Assyrian tributary | Assyrian |
Ambaris | ca. 721 - 713 | son of Hulli, deposed by Assyrians | Assyrian |
Iškallu | ca. 679 | synonym Iskallu | Assyrian |
Mugallu | 663, 651 | post-Neo-Hittite ruler, identical with Mugallu, king of Malatya? | Assyrian |
x-ussi | ca. 640 | son of Mugallu, post-Neo-Hittite ruler, idental with x-ussi from Malatya? | Assyrian |
Atuna (Luwian Tunna)
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Ušḫitti | ca. 740 - 732 | | Assyrian |
Ashwis(i) | 3rd quarter of 8th century | reign unclear, identical with Ušḫitti? | Luwian |
Kurti | ca. 732/ 718 - 713 | son of Ashwis(i), previously read Matti | Luwian, Assyrian |
Ištunda/Ištuanda
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Tuhamme | 738 - 732 | | Assyrian |
Šinuḫtu
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Kiyakiya | 718 | Assyrian Kiakki oder Kiakku | Luwian, Assyrian |
Tuwana (Classical Tyanitis)
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Warpalawa I | early 8th century | reign unclear | Luwian |
Saruwani | 1st half 8th century | | Luwian |
Muwaharani I | ca. 740 | | Luwian |
Warpalawa II | ca. 740 - 705/ ca. 738 - 710 | son of Muwaharani I, Assyrian Urballa, Urballu | Luwian, Assyrian |
Muwaharani II | end 8th century | son of Warpalawa II | Luwian |
Ḫupišna (Classical Cybistra)
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Puhamme | 837 | | Assyrian |
Urimme | ca. 740 | synonym Uirimme | Assyrian |
Kulummu/Til-garimmu
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Gurdi | 705 | Gurdī, unusual synonym Qurdī, previously read Ešpai or Hidi | Assyrian |
Kaška
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Dadi-Ilu | 738 - 732 | synonym Dadi-Il or Dad-Ilu, Kaška probably identical with the Kaska of Hittite Sources | Assyrian |
Que (Luwian Adanawa/Hiyawa, Classical Cilicia of the Plain)
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Kate | 858 - 831 | deposed by Assyrians | Assyrian |
Kirri | 831 | brother of Kate, installed by Assyrians instead of Kate | Assyrian |
Awariku | ca. 738 - 709/ ca. 730 | synonym Warika, Assyrian Urikki | Luwian, Phoenician, Assyrian |
Azatiwata | ca. 705 | possibly regent, reign unclear | Luwian, Phoenician |
son of Awariku | late 8th - early 7th century | reign unclear | Luwian, Phoenician |
Hilakku (Classical Rough Cilicia)
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Pihirim | mid 9th century | | Assyrian |
Ambaris | ca. 718 - 713 | king of Tabal | Assyrian |
Sandasarme | ca.665 | post-Neo-Hittite ruler | Assyrian |
Tanakun
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Tulli | 833 | "Prince" of Tanakun | Assyrian |
Illubru
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Kirua | 696 | "Prince" of Illubru, post-Neo-Hittite ruler | Assyrian |
Kundu and Sizzu
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Sanduarri | 678/676 | "Prince" of Kundu and Sizzu, post-Neo-Hittite ruler, possibly identical with Azatiwata | Assyrian |
Pirindu/Piriddu
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Appuašu | 557 | synonym Appuwašu, post-Neo-Hittite ruler | Babylonian |
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Gusi | ca. 870 | | Assyrian |
Hadram | ca. 860 - 830 | son of Gusi, Assyrian Adramu or Arame | Assyrian |
Attar-šumki I | ca. 830 - 800/ 805 - 796 | son of Hadram, synonym Bar-Guš | Assyrian, Aramaic |
Bar-Hadad | ca. 800 | son of Attar-šumki I, reign unclear | Aramaic |
Attar-šumki II | 1st half 8th century | son of Bar-Hadad | Aramaic |
Mati-Ilu | mid 8th century | son of Attar-šumki II | Aramaic |
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Gabbar | ca 920/ca. 900 - 880 | | Phoenician |
Banihu | ca. 880 - 870 | son of Gabbar | Phoenician |
Hayyanu | ca. 870-850 / 858-853 | son of Banihu, synonym Hayya | Phoenician, Assyrian |
Ša-Il | ca. 850 - 840 | son of Hayyanu | Phoenician |
Kilamuwa | ca. 840 - 830/810 | brother of Ša-Il | Phoenician |
Qarli | ca. 810 - 790 | son of Kilamuwa? | Aramaic |
Panamuwa I | ca. 790 - 750 | son of Qarli, synonym Panammu | Aramaic |
Bar-Sur | ca. 750 - 745 | son of Panamuwa I | Aramaic |
usurper | ca. 745 - 740 | | Aramaic |
Panamuwa II | ca. 743[63]/740 - 733/32 | son of Bar-Sur, synonym Panammu | Aramaic, Assyrian |
Bar-Rakib | ca. 733/32[64] - 732/713/711 | son of Panamuwa II | Aramaic, Luwian |
Kasku/Kaska/Ktk
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Bar-Ga'ya | mid 8th century | | |
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Hadad-ezer | at the time of Saul and David of Israel | | Old Testament ( 1 Samuel 14:47, 2 Samuel 8:3-12) |
Name | Reign | Notes | Sources |
Bar-Hadad I | ca. 900 | Hebrew Ben-Hadad | Old Testament (1 Kings 15:16-22) |
Hadad-ezer | mid 9th century | Assyrian Adad-idri | Assyrian |
Haza-El | mid 9th century - 803?/ 844/42 - 800 | | Aramaic, Old Testament (2 Kings 8:7-15), assyrisch |
Bar-Hadad II | 803? - 775? | son of Haza-El, Hebrew Ben-Hadad, in Assyrian titled as Mari' | Old Testament (1 Kings 20), Assyrian |
Hadyan II | ca. 775? - mid 8th century | Hebrew Hezyon, Assyrian Hadiiani | Assyrian |
Rasyan | mid 8th century - 732 | Hebrew Rezin, Assyrian Rahianu | Old Testament (2 Kings 16:5-9), Assyrian |
Notes
- ↑ Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (2002), p. 315.
- ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 115.
- ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135.
- ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135.
- ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135.
- ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135.
- ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135.
- ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135.
- ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 115.
- ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135.
- ↑ Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135.
References
- Berndt-Ersöz, Susanne (2008). "The Chronology and Historical Context of Midas". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 57 (1): 1–37.
- Bryce, Trevor (2012). The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms; A Political and Military History. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-921872-1.
- Dalley, Stephanie (1999). "Sennacherib and Tarsus". Anatolian Studies, Anatolian Iron Ages. 49 (4): 73–80.
- Gilibert, Alessandra (2011). Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin: De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-022225-8.
- Glassner, Jean-Jaques (2004). Mesopotamian Chronicles. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. ISBN 1-58983-090-3.
- Jasnik, Anna Margherita; Marino, Mauro (2005). "The West-Anatolian origins of the Que kingdom Dynasty". VI Congresso Internazionale di Ittitologia. Rome.
- Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (2002). Die Hethiter und ihr Reich. Das Volk der 1000 Götter. Stuttgart: Konrad Theiss Verlag. ISBN 3-8062-1676-2.
- Leick, Gwendolyn (2002) [1999]. Who's Who in the Ancient Near East. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-13231-2.
- Marek, Christian; Frei, Peter (2010). Geschichte Kleinasiens in der Antike. Munich: Verlag C.H.Beck. ISBN 978-3-406-59853-1.
- Payne, Annick (2012). Iron Age Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. ISBN 978-1-58983-269-5.
- Weeden, Mark (2013). "After the Hittites: The Kingdoms of Karkamish and Palistin in Northern Syria". Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. 56 (2): 1–20.
See also