Kumyk language
Kumyk | |
---|---|
къумукъ тил. Qymyk til | |
Native to | Russia |
Region | Dagestan, Chechnya, North Ossetia |
Ethnicity | Kumyks |
Native speakers | 450,000 (2010 census)[1] |
Cyrillic | |
Official status | |
Official language in | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-2 |
kum |
ISO 639-3 |
kum |
Glottolog |
kumy1244 [2] |
Kumyk (къумукъ тил,[3] qumuq til) is a Turkic language, spoken by about 426,212[4] speakers (the Kumyks) in the Dagestan republic of Russian Federation.
Irchi Kazak (Yırçı Qazaq; born 1839) is usually considered to be a founder of Kumyk literature. Kumyk was written using Arabic script until 1928, Latin script from 1928–1938, and Cyrillic script since then.
The first regular newspapers and magazines appeared in 1917–18. Currently, the newspaper Ёлдаш (Yoldash, "Companion"), the successor of the Soviet-era Ленин ёлу (Lenin yolu, "Lenin's Path"), prints around 5,000 copies 3 times a week.
It was composed sequentially of several Turkic dialects—those of the Oghur, Oghuz and Kypchak types—, which, in addition, have been interacting with Caucasian languages, namely Avar, Dargwa, Chechen, as well as with Ossetic.[3] The language has also been influenced by Russian during the last century.
Orthography
Latin based alphabet (1927–1937)
A a | B b | C c | Ç ç | D d | E e | F f | G g |
Ƣ ƣ | H h | I i | J j | K k | L l | M m | N n |
Ŋ ŋ | O o | Ɵ ɵ | P p | Q q | R r | S s | Ş ş |
T t | U u | V v | W w | X x | Y y | Z z | Ƶ ƶ |
Ь ь |
Cyrillic based alphabet (since 1937)
А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Гъ гъ | Гь гь | Д д | Е е |
Ё ё | Ж ж | З з | И и | Й й | К к | Къ къ | Л л |
М м | Н н | Нг нг | О о | Оь оь | П п | Р р | С с |
Т т | У у | Уь уь | Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц | Ч ч | Ш ш |
Щ щ | Ъ ъ | Ы ы | Ь ь | Э э | Ю ю | Я я |
Bibliography
- Saodat Doniyorova and Toshtemirov Qahramonil. Parlons Koumyk. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2004. ISBN 2-7475-6447-9.
References
- ↑ 2010 Russian Census
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Kumyk". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- 1 2 L. S. Levitskaya, "Kumyk language", in Languages of the world. Turkic languages (1997). (in Russian)
- ↑ http://www.omniglot.com/writing/kumyk.php
External links
![]() |
Kumyk language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator |
- Kumyks video and music
- Newspaper "Ёлдаш" in Kumyk language issuing in Dagestan
- Kumyk language on the website "Minority languages of Russia on the Net"
- Russian-Kumyk dictionary (1960)
- Holy Scriptures in the Kumyk language