Kuksha of Odessa
Saint Kuksha of Odessa, born Kosma Velichko (25 January [O.S. January 12] 1875, selo Arbuzynka, Kherson Governorate, Russian Empire – December 24, 1964, Odessa, USSR), is a modern saint canonized by the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) in 1995.
Life
Kosma Velitchko was born on January 12, 1875 in the village of Arbuzinka Kherson region, Nikolaev Province to the pious and Christ-loving Kirill and Kharitina Velitchko. In her youth, his mother dreamed of becoming a nun, but married from obedience to her parents. She had two more sons, Theodore (Fedor) and John (Ivan), and a daughter, Maria and that one of her children would fulfill her dream and enter the monastic life.[1]
In his young years, Kosma, made walking pilgrimages to the Kiev Pechersk Lavra, traveled to the Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra, to the far north Valaam and Solovki monasteries, and to Jerusalem and Holy Land in 1895. Kosma lived in Jerusalem for six months and visited all the sacred places in Palestine. On his way back, he visited Mount Athos. Before departing from Athos, the pilgrims went to the archimandrite of Saint Panteleimon monastery for a road blessing. Kosma expressed his will to join the monks there. The archimandrite consented and told him to return after one year, and gave Kosma a little icon of monastery patron saint, the great martyr Saint Panteleimon. This icon Kosma kept all his life.
After returning to the Russian Empire, Kosma visited elder Jona of Kiev, who was widely known for his clairvoyance and wonder working. The elder was receiving people in the court of Jona monastery and blessing everyone. The elder approached Kosma, touched his head with the cross and said: "I bless you into the monastery! You will live on Athon!". Kosma's mother thanked God for her son's decision.
Joining Saint Panteleimon monastery in Greece (1896)
In 1896, at the age of 21, Kosma, with his parents’ blessing, arrived at Athos and became a novice at Russian Saint Panteleimon monastery, where he was put in charge of altar offerings (prosphoras). In 1897, Kosma again visited Jerusalem, this time with his mother whom he joined on pilgrimage to Holy Land. Two remarkable events took place with Kosma while in Jerusalem. There was a custom among pilgrims to bathe at the Siloam baths. those who were unable to have children tried to enter first so that God would grant them children. Kosma happened to fall in the water, much to the amusement of the people, who started saying that Kosma would have many children. Indeed, the future saint had a multitude of spiritual children.[1]
The second event took place when he was visiting the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. There, pilgrims wished to anoint themselves with the oil from the lamps burning at the Holy Sepulchre. As Kosma was venerating, the central oil lamp suddenly spilled, pouring its oil all over him. People quickly surrounded Kosma trying to anoint themselves with the oil from his clothes. The event foretold that God's grace that poured upon Kosma so abundantly would be transmitted through him to many people.[1]
A year after returning from Jerusalem to Athos, Kosma left for Jerusalem again. For one and a half years, he served in turn at Lord's Sepulchre. When he returned to Athos, Kosma was appointed as guest-servant at the guesthouse for pilgrims where he served for 11 years.
Taking monastic vows with the name Xenophont (1904)
Soon after Kosma was tonsured in riasophoros with the name Constantine and on 5 April [O.S. March 23] 1904 he was tonsured as monks and given new monastic name Xenophont. His spiritual father was father Melchisedek who was an ascetic in the mountains and taught him the basics of spiritual and monastic life. Later Xenophotos used to recollect his life of that time: “I was engaged at monastic tasks till midnight and at 1 a.m. I ran to elder Melchisedek to learn prayer”.
In 1912–1913 the heresy of Imiaslavie emerged at Athos monasteries. Greek authorities demanded that many foreign monks leave the monastery, including Xenophont, though he had no relation to the heresy.
Kiev Pechersk Lavra (1913-1935)
In 1913 Xenophont settled in Kiev Pechersk Lavra.[2] In 1914, during World War I Father Xenophont and other monks worked as a "mercy brother" on the sanitary train on the Kiev - Lvov line for 10 months, then he returned to the Lavra. There he served in Far Caves, kindled the lamps at the relics, redressed the holy relics, and kept cleanness and order. He had an ardent desire to enter schema but was refused being only 40. So once at night having redressed the relics of Saint Siluan, Xenophont took them in hands and kneeling next to his shrine ardently prayed that Saint Siluan would help him with tonsure in schema. Xenophont fell asleep and next morning awoke still kneeling with the relics in his hands.
Tonsure into schema with the name Kuksha (1931)
The years passed. At the age of 56, he suddenly fell sick and many thought that he would not survive. It was decided to tonsure the dying into schema. On April 8, 1931, when being tonsured in schema he was given name Kuksha, after the ancient saint whose relics are situated in Near Caves. Kuksha recovered and on April 3, 1934 father Kuksha was consecrated into the rank of priest-deacon (hierodeacon) and on May 3 into the ranks of priest-monk (hieromonk).[2]
First arrest by Soviet authorities (1938)
After the Kiev Pechersk Lavra was closed by the decision of Soviet Ukraine officials, father Kuksha served at the church at Voskresenksaya Slobodka. In 1938, he was sentenced by the Soviet authorities as a "cult servant" to 5 years in the concentration camp at Vilma, in Molotov Oblast (today Perm Oblast), Ural. After this term ended, Kuksha was sentenced to 3 additional years of exile.[2]
This way at the age of 63, Kuksha happened to be at hard wood cutting labours working 14 hours a day, in cruel frosts, receiving miserable and bad meals. Many priests and monks were imprisoned together with Kuksha. At that time, the post of Kiev metropolitan was occupied by vladyka Anthony, who, along with pieces of dry breads, sent the particles of blessed Eucharist Gifts. In this way, hundreds of convicted priests and monks took communion.
Kuksha was freed from the Vilma camp in the spring of 1943 on the feast of Saint George and was exiled to a village nearby Kungur in Solikamsk Oblast (today northern part of Perm Krai). After being blessed by the bishop of Solikamsk, he often conducted church services in the nearby village. In 1947 the exile term ended.
Return to Ukraine (1947)
In 1947, Kuksha returned to the Lavra and with a great joy had been received by lavra brethren. In 1951, Soviet authorities transferred father Kuksha from Kiev to the Holy Dormition Lavra in Pochaev, in western Ukraine. In Pochayev, Kuksha served at the local wonder-icon of Virgin Mary. Besides that father Kuksha had to confess people. All who were coming to Pochayev tried to get for confession with Kuksha. During the course of 3 years, Kuksha conducted morning services at the Cave Temple.
At the end of April 1957, on the Passion Week of the Great Lent, he was transferred to the Monastery of Saint John the Theologian in Khreshchatyk, Chernovtsi Oblast. There, elder Kuksha used often to repeat "Here I am at home, here I am on Athon".
In 1960, Chernovtsi women monastery was closed and the nuns were transferred to the men's Saint John Monastery in Khreshchatyk, whereas the monks were sent to Pochayev Lavra. The chief archimandrite Michael (in schema Mytrophanos) was appointed as parish priest not far from the village Khreshchatyk and father Kuksha was transferred to Holy Dormition Monastery in Odessa. July 19, 1960 he arrives in that monastery where spends the last 4 years of his hard life. He was appointed to confess people and to help to take out particles from sacrifice breads during proscomidia - the initial part of the liturgy. The cell of the elder was next to Saint Nicholas church.
Death (1964) and canonization (1995)
In October 1964, the elder fell and broke a hip. Lying in such a state on the cold ground, he caught a cold and pneumonia. He never took medicine, calling the Holy Church to be the curer. He foresaw his own death. The spiritual daughter of the elder schema-nun A. used to recollect that the elder sometimes said: "90 years and Kuksha will be no more, they will bury him quickly quickly, take the shovels and cover". His words came true. He died when he was almost 90, at 2 a.m. The cross was set over his grave at 2 p.m. in the afternoon of the same day. The Soviet authorities, being afraid of the influx of the believers, gave 2 hours for the burial. News of the death spread quickly and even patriarch Alexiy I with worry asked why they acted so with the elder's relics.
Blessed Kuksha died on December 24, 1964 and was buried at the cemetery of the Holy Dormition monastery in Odessa.
After the collapse of the communist regime in the Soviet Union, elder Kuksha was glorified as venerable by the decision of the Holy Synod of Ukrainian Orthodox Church in 1995.
Healings and miracles
All the cases of healings done by Saint Kuksha are so numerous that they cannot be all described or counted. He performed them almost daily throughout decades.
Many were healed by his prayer. For example, one woman got cancer, which appeared in the form of a blue tumour on her forehead. In such a state, she came to the elder. Saint Kuksha advised her not to undergo an operation, gave her the rite of confession, and after communion gave her a metallic cross which he ordered her to press against the tumor. The woman did so. After staying with the elder for 4 days, and receiving communion daily, the woman returned home with her mother. She kept the cross to her forehead, and half way through the trip home, she realized that half of the tumor had disappeared, leaving only white empty skin. After 2 weeks at home, the second half of the tumor was gone, and the woman's forehead got whiter and cleaner, leaving no trace of cancer.
Saint Kuksha even cured one of his spiritual children without actually seeing her. The woman recovered from a mental illness without seeing the elder, the moment the elder read her letter to him, which requested that he pray for her. Even in autumn 1993, there was a case of woman who got healed (from stomach disease) by soil from the Saint Kuksha's grave. In the same way a 72-year-old resident of Odessa was healed. There are numerous witnesses when after rubbing the wounds with abscesses and swellings with soil from the grave of the saint they got healed and cleansed.
Character of Saint Kuksha and spiritual gifts
Saint Kuksha had a gift of clairvoyance knowing the hidden things. He had a gift of spiritual judgment and discernment of thoughts. He was a great clairvoyant. To him the most deepest feelings that people could not understand themselves were discernible and he explained where they are from and from whom. Many were coming to him to tell about their sorrows and ask for advise and already beforehand was meeting them with the necessary answer and spiritual advise. It happened that when people were standing at his doors and he used to call them by name having not met them previously in life. The hidden things were disclosed to him by God.
Elder Kuksha was very humble and meek shining with love, patience and compassion. He was never afraid to expose the sinner not looking at one's rank or position, doing this subtly, with love to the God's image (human being) in order to awake his conscience and move to repentance. He had a sincere humility when it comes to wisdom, avoided human glory, being even afraid of it. Therefore, he performed the good deeds unnoticeable. He very much disliked conceit (self-satisfaction, self-admiration). In a church full of people standing in lines for confession he used to take the last position and waited.
He used to overcome all the hardships in life by recollection of the Saviour's atonement for human race and His life-giving Resurrection.
Teaching and instructions of Saint Kuksha
Saint Kuksha advised to bless all the new things and products with Holy Water, likewise to sprinkle the cell (room) with Holy Water.
References
- (Russian) "Detailed biography of Saint Kuksha". Retrieved 12 November 2007.
- (Ukrainian) "Venerable Kuksha of Odesa. Video 26 min.". Retrieved 12 November 2007.
- (Ukrainian) "Saint Kuksha. Short biography". Retrieved 12 November 2007.
- (Russian) "Venerable Kuksha of Odessa. Biography and Akathist". Retrieved 12 November 2007.