Jivitputrika
Jivitputrika | |
---|---|
Jivitputrika observation at riverbank of the Ganges, Kolkata | |
Observed by | Hindus |
Type | Hindu |
Observances | Abstain food and water for a day and night. |
Begins | seventh moon day of 1st half of Ashwin in Bikram Sambat |
Ends | ninth moon day of 1st half of Ashwin in B.S |
Date | September |
2015 date | October 5 |
2016 date | September 23[1] |
Frequency | annual |
Related to | Children wellness |
Jivitputrika (Sanskrit: जीवित्पुत्रिका) (Hindi: जिउतिया , Jiutiya) (Nepali: जितिया , Jitiya) is a festival in which Nirjala (without water) fasting is done throughout a day and night observed by mothers for the wellbeing of their children. A three-day-long festival is celebrated from seventh to ninth lunar day of Krishna-Paksha in Ashwin month of Bikram Sambat. It is celebrated mainly in Nepalese States of Mithila and Tharuhat ; and in Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh. Futhermore, it is widely observed by Eastern Tharu and Far-Eastern Madhesi peoples in Jhapa, Morang , Sunsari, Kailali and Kanchanpur districts of Nepal. In 2016, it would be observed on 7th Ashwin of Hindu Bikram Sambat calendar falling on September 23 of Geogrean English Calendar.[1]
Legends Stories
Jivitputrika Vrat Story
It is believed that once an eagle and a female fox lived in a Himalayas' jungle near Narmada river were friends. Once both of them saw some ladies performing the pooja & fasting, and wished to observe it themselves too. Both of them observed the fast but the fox became unconscious because of hunger and had food quietly. On the other hand, the eagle observed the fast with full dedication and completed it. As a result, all the kids born to the fox used to die a few days after birth and the eagle's offsprings were blessed with long life.
In Nepali language
जीविटपुत्रिका जितिया पर्वको पूर्ण कथा
कनकावती नगरको मध्यभागस्थित नर्मदा नदीको डिलमा पाकरीको रुखको फेदमा स्याल बस्थ्यो भने हाँगामा चिल । दुईवटैको बीचमा घनिष्ठ मित्रता थियो । एकदिन जितिया पर्व मनाउने महिलाले नर्मदा नदीमा स्नान गरी त्यही रुखको फेदमा बसेर जिमुतवाहन देवतालाई प्रसाद चढाएर कथावाचन गरेका थिए । व्रतालु महिलाको कथा सुनेर चिल र स्याललाई पनि जितिया व्रत गर्ने इच्छा जागृत भयो । दुवैले सल्लाह गरी व्रतमा बस्ने निधो गरे । सोही राति नर्मदा नदीको डिलमा एक व्यापारीको छोराको दाहसंस्कार गरियो । मृतकका आफन्तले शवको अधिकांंश भाग जलेपछि छोडेर घर फर्के । उनीहरु फर्केर गएको देखेर स्याललाई मृतकको मासु खाने इच्छा जाग्यो र साथी चिललाई थाहै नदिई मासु पनि खायो र केही लुकाएर पनि राखेको चिलले हेरिरहेको थियो । दुवैको जन्म भास्कर नामक ब्राह्मणको घरमा भयो । पूर्वजन्ममा चिलको शीलावती र स्यालको कर्पुरावतीका रुपमा जन्म भयो । जेठी शीलावतीको विवाह धनवानको घरमा र कर्पुरावतीको राजाको घरमा । जेठी शीलावतीका सात छोरा भए तर महारानी भएकी कर्पुरावतीको छोरा जन्मियो तर मृत्यु भयो । वर्षांैपछि दुवैको सम्बन्ध चिसिँदै गएपछि जेठी शीलावतीले आप्नी बहिनीलाई पूर्वको घटना स्मरण गराउँदै व्रत भङ्ग गरेका कारण यस जन्ममा तिम्रो सन्तानको मृत्युु भएको भनी जानकारी गराएको धार्मिक ग्रन्थमा उल्लेख गरिएको छ । त्यसै कारणले यो व्रत जति कठोर भए पनि व्रतलाई कसैले खण्डित गर्न चाहँदैनन् । थारु जनजातिका महिलाबीच पनि यो पर्व अति लोकप्रिय रहेको छ । थारु समुदायमा विवाहित महिलाले आफ्ना सन्तति र पतिको सुखशान्तिको कामना गर्दै निराहार बसी तीन दिनसम्म यो पर्व मनाउने गर्छन् । यस समुदायमा पर्वको पहिलो दिन पिना र पहेँलो माटो मुछेर घिरौँलाका पातमा घिरौँलाकै फूलबाट पूजा गरिन्छ र त्यही माटोबाट कपाल नुहाइन्छ । भोलिपल्ट बिहान कुलदेवता बस्ने घरको पिँढीमाथि चिल र पिँढीदेखि तल स्यालको पूजा गरिन्छ । पर्वको तेस्रो दिन बिहान घरको आँगनमा पूजा गरेर उपवास तोडिन्छ र जिमुतवाहनको कथा सुन्ने र नाचगान गरिन्छ । जितिया पर्वलाई दसैँ आगमनको सङ्केतका रुपमा पनि लिइन्छ । कतिपय महिलाले यस पर्वमा पुर्खालाई समेत पूजा गर्ने गरेको पाइन्छ । यस पर्वमा आफ्ना कुलका मृत श्रेष्ठ महिलाको स्मरण गर्दै पूजन गरिन्छ । छोरा र छोरीमा भेदभाव गर्नुहुन्न भन्ने चेतना बढ्दै गएकाले यसलाई अचेल आफ्ना सन्तानको कल्याणका लागि मनाइने पर्व पनि भन्न थालिएको छ । ऐतिहासिक रूपमा नेपालको मिथिला र थारुवान/थरुहट लगायत मधेशको भू–भागमा बसोवास गर्ने नेपाली महिलाको पर्वका रुपमा पनि यसले आफ्नो अस्तित्व हालसम्म कायम राखेको छ।[2]
In Bhojpuri language
जीविटपुत्रिका जीतिया व्रतक पूर्ण कथा
एह व्रत मे एगो चिल्हो सियारो के प्रचलित कथा सुनल जाला जवन ए तरह से बा ..
एगो बन मे सेमर के गाछ पर एगो चिल्हो (चील)राहत रहनी और ओकारे पास झाडी मे एगो सियारिन रहत रहे ..दुनु मे खुब पटत रहे ..चिल्हो जवन कुछ खाए के लेआवे ओमे से सियारिन के भी हिस्सा देवे और सियारिन भी चिल्हो के खुब खयाल राखत रहे ए तरह दुनु के जीवन निक से कटत रहे,
एक् बार बन के पास गांव मे मेहरारू लोग जिउतीया के पूजा के तैयारी करत रहे लोग उ सब चिल्हो बडा ध्यान से देख्ली और उनका अपना पिछला जनम के कुल इयाद पड गईल तब सियारो और चिल्हो दुनु जाना जिउतिया भुखे के विचार कईलस लोग ,बडा निष्ठा और लगन से दुनु जाना दिनभर भुखे पियासे मंगल कामना करत भूखल रहे लोग .मगर रात होते सियारिन के भूख पियास लागे लागल और जब बर्दास्त ना भईल त जंगल मे जाके मांस और हड्डी खाए लागल चिल्हो के हड्डी खाय के कड कड आवाज आवे लागल तू उ पुछ्ली की “बहिन “तू का करतारू त सियारिन कहलि की बहिन भूख के मारे पेट कड़कडा रहल बा.. मगर चिल्हो के पता लाग गईल तब सियारिन के खुब लताडली की जब तोसे ब्रत ना निबाहे के रहल त पहिलाही कह देतू..सियारीन लजा गईली .चिल्हो रात भर भुखे पियासे ब्रत पूरा कईली ..
एकर परिणाम ई भईल की चील्हो के कुल सन्तान दीर्घायु सुखी और सम्पान भईलन और सियारिन के एक् एक् कर के कुल संतान खतम हो गईल …….
एसे कुल माइ लोग ईहे कामना करेला की सब चील्हो के तरह होखो सियारिन के जैसन ना ….
ई पर्व के व्रतविश्वास से जब पुत्र के प्राप्ति होला त लोककथा में दिहल गईल संकेत के अनुसार ओकर नाव “'जीयत”' रखाला
पुराण में जीवत्पुत्रिका व्रत की कथा के साथ जो जीमूत वाहन की कथा के भी जिक्र होला वह क पौराणिक जीमूतवाहन नाग कुल के रक्षा खातिर आपन देह के त्याग कईले रहलन ,
कैलाश पर्वत पर भगवान शंकर माता पार्वती के कथा सुनावत कहेलन कि आश्विन कृष्ण अष्टमी के दिन उपवास रख के जे माता सायं प्रदोषकालमें जीमूतवाहन के पूजा करेनी और कथा सुने के बाद आचार्य के दक्षिणा देनी ऊ पुत्र-पौत्र के पूर्ण सुख प्राप्त करेनी व्रत के पारण दोसरका दिने अष्टमी तिथि के समाप्ति के पश्चात कईल जाला ई व्रत अपने नाम के अनुरूप फल देवे वाला व्रत हवे …… भगवान सबके मंगल कामना पूर्ण करस …[3]
Jimutavahana Story
According to this story Jimutavahana was the wise and a kind king of Gandharva's. Jimutvanhan was not satisfied being a king and as a result he gave all the responsibilities of his kingdom to his brothers and went to the jungle to serve his father. He used to spend his time taking care of his father.One day while wandering in the jungle he finds an old woman mourning.He asked old woman the reason of weeping on which she told him that she belonged to a family of snakes (Nagvanshaki) and had only one son. But as an oath every day one snake is offered to Pakshiraj Garuda as a feed and that day was her son's chance to become his food. After listening to her problem Jimutavahana consoled her and promised that he would get back her son alive and would protect him from Garuda.He decides to lay down himself on the bed of rocks being presented to the Garuda for the feed. Garuda comes and holds the Jimutvahana covered with red cloth with his fingers and climbs the rock.Garuda finds it surprising when the person he has trapped does not response. He asks the Jimutvahana his identity on which he describes the entire scene to the Garuda.Garuda gets pleased with the bravery and the benevolence of Jimutvahana and leave him and also promises not to take any sacrifice from the snakes. Due to the bravery and generosity of Jimutvahana the race of the snakes was saved and as a result since then the fasts for the children's welfare and long life is observed.
Importance
This festival shows great love and extreme affection of mothers towards their children. The mother keeps a very strict fast, without a drop of water thinking of their children. When done with water it is called khur ( dry as hay) Jitiya. 9/11 in New York was on Jitiya, and those mothers fasting even in Janaki Mandir, Nepalgunj, Chappra, Gaya, Bokaro Chatra, Datam & Ranchi were sure their children will be fine in the twin towers, because they were fasting for the long life of their children in India and Nepal.
When and where
A three-day long festival is celebrated from the seventh to the ninth lunar day of Krishna Paksha in Ashwin month of Hindu Bikram Sambat that falls generally in September. The first day, the day before Jivitputrika is known as Nahai-khai. On that day mothers take food only after having their bath. On Jivitputrika day, a strict fast is observed without water. This is called Khur Jitiya (khur is dry hay). On the third day, the fast ends with Paaran (taking the first food of the day). In Mithila of Nepal , Tharuhat of Nepal, region of northeastern Bihar and eastern Nepal, a variety of food and a special festival delicacy Jhor Bhaat (Jhor is Curry and Bhaat is white rice), Noni ka saag and Madua ki Roti are prepared. In bhojpuri region of western Bihar, eastern Uttar Pradesh and Nepal, Paaran is done with "Noni ka saag, (summer purslane (Portulaca oleracea)) Maruwa ki roti and a vegetable stew of zucchini" (often considered food of extremely poor peoples) The festival is celebrated mainly in the Bhojpuri and Maithili speaking regions of Nepal and Bihar, Jharkhand and Eastern Uttar Pradesh of India.
References
- 1 2 "Jivitputrika Vrat 2016 (Jitiya 2016) Date & Hindu Panchang - Indian Astrology". July 18, 2016. Retrieved September 4, 2016.
- ↑ "Rituals and stories of Jitiya Parba of Nepal".
- ↑ "All about jitiya in Bhojpuri language".