James Mitchell (Australian politician)

Sir James Mitchell GCMG
13th Premier of Western Australia
In office 17 May 1919 – 16 April 1924
Preceded by	Sir Hal Colebatch
Succeeded by	Philip Collier
In office 24 April 1930 – 24 April 1933
Preceded by	Philip Collier
Succeeded by	Philip Collier
Constituency	Northam
22nd Governor of Western Australia
In office 1948 – June 1951
Preceded by	Colonel Sir William Campion
Succeeded by	Sir Charles Gairdner
Personal details
Born	(1866-04-27)27 April 1866
Died	26 July 1951(1951-07-26) (aged 85) Paradise Farm, Dardanup, near Bunbury
Political party	Nationalist

Sir James Mitchell GCMG (27 April 1866 – 26 July 1951) was the 13th Premier of Western Australia, serving on two occasions, the Lieutenant-Governor of Western Australia for 15 years and the 22nd Governor of Western Australia.

Biography

Mitchell, the eldest of thirteen children, was educated at Bunbury, Western Australia and in 1885 joined the Western Australian Bank. He later was a farmer.

In 1906, the state premier Newton Moore made Mitchell an honorary minister for agricultural expansion. In 1909 he was promoted, being given the portfolios of lands and agriculture. He recruited William Lowrie as director of agriculture.

On 17 May 1919, premier Hal Colebatch resigned and Mitchell succeeded to the position. Mitchell won the 1921 election and remained premier until 1924. During this period he garnered much publicity for his strong support for the Soldier-Settlement Scheme in the south-west of Western Australia. As a result of his enthusiastic promotion of this scheme (which ultimately proved very costly in terms of money and resources) he was dubbed "Moo-Cow" Mitchell by the local press.^[1] Nonetheless the establishment of a dairy industry in Western Australia can be largely credited to him. He also proved adept at dealing with the divisions between the Nationalist Party and the Country Party.

Mitchell's election to a second term in office coincided with the onset of the Great Depression. His government was defeated at the 1933 state elections, in addition to which he became the first Western Australian premier to lose both a state election and his parliamentary seat (of Northam).

As a result of financial difficulties during the Great Depression, Tasmania had appointed a lieutenant governor in the 1930s. With the approval of the major political parties, in July 1933 Mitchell was appointed lieutenant governor of Western Australia. This meant that, although he resided in Government House, and was governor in all but name, he drew no salary, thus making a reduced demand on the public purse at a time when ordinary people were under severe restraint. He held the position until he was finally appointed governor in 1948. He retired from the post in June 1951, and died one month later.

Mitchell was the first Australian-born governor of Western Australia, and he remains the only person to have served as both Premier and Governor of the state.

The Mitchell Freeway was named in his honour, as was Sir James Mitchell Park in South Perth and Sir James Mitchell National Park. The botanist Charles Gardner named the rapier featherflower, Verticordia mitchelliana in his honour.^[2]

He had also been President of the Royal Western Australian Historical Society^[3]

References

• G. C. Bolton, 'Mitchell, Sir James (1866 - 1951)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 10, MUP, 1986, pp 530–532.

Premiers of Western Australia
Forrest Throssell Leake Morgans Leake James Daglish Rason Moore Wilson Scaddan Wilson Lefroy Colebatch Mitchell Collier Mitchell Collier Willcock Wise McLarty Hawke Brand Tonkin C. Court O'Connor Burke Dowding Lawrence R. Court Gallop Carpenter Barnett

Governors of Western Australia
	Before Federation	Stirling Hutt Clarke Irwin Fitzgerald Kennedy Hampton Pine Weld Robinson Ord Robinson Broome Robinson Smith
	After Federation	Lawley Bedford Strickland Barron Ellison-Macartney Newdegate Campion Mitchell Gairdner Kendrew Edwards Kyle Trowbridge Reid Burt Jeffery J. Sanderson Michael McCusker K. Sanderson