Jamal ad-Din (astronomer)
| Jamal ad-Din | |||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 扎馬魯丁[1] | ||||||
| |||||||
| Persian name | |||||||
| Persian | جمال الدين محمد بن طاهر بن محمد الزيدي البخاري | ||||||
Jamal ad-Din Muḥammad ibn Ṭāhir ibn Muḥammad al‐Zaydī al‐Bukhārī (variously transcribed Jamal ud-Din, Jamal al-Din (lit. Beauty of Faith), etc., Chinese name Zhamaluding) was a 13th-century Persian-speaking[2][3] Muslim astronomer. Originally from Bukhara, he entered the service of Kublai Khan around the 1250s to set up an Islamic Astronomical Bureau in his new capital Beijing, to operate in parallel with the traditional Chinese bureau.[4] Kublai Khan thus maintained the bureaucratic structure, but allowed Chinese observations and predictions to be checked by respected Muslim scholars.
He is credited with having taken seven astronomical instruments to Kublai Khan, as a present from Hulagu Khan including a Persian astrolabe, a globe and an armillary sphere, in 1267.[5][6] This is the earliest known reference to a spherical terrestrial globe of the Earth in Chinese astronomy.[7][8]
He is associated with a zij in Persian which has been lost but was translated into Chinese in 1383 by Ma‐shayihei with the title Huihuilifa (Islamic calendar). This contained Ptolomaic tables based on new values and adjusted to Beijing and has been reconstructed in recent years.[9]
In general, his activity didn't make much difference to Chinese astronomy. However Guo Shoujing[10] did evidently gain the idea of the torquetum from him (which he didn't bring), and produced a simplified version which omitted ecliptic coordinates which were not used in China.[11]
In 1286 he carried out a large-scale survey of the Yuan empire which was produced in 755 volumes as the Dayitongzh. All but the introduction of this has been lost.[12]
See also
Notes
- ↑ Zhu & Fuchs 1946, p. 3
- ↑ Persian was the lingua franca of Westerners at the court of Kublai Khan.
- ↑ Morris Rossabi (28 November 2014). From Yuan to Modern China and Mongolia: The Writings of Morris Rossabi. BRILL. pp. 229–. ISBN 978-90-04-28529-3.
- ↑ van Dalen 2007
- ↑ Zhu & Fuchs 1946, p. 4
- ↑ Morris Rossabi (28 November 2014). From Yuan to Modern China and Mongolia: The Writings of Morris Rossabi. BRILL. pp. 281–. ISBN 978-90-04-28529-3.
- ↑ David Woodward (1989), "The Image of the Spherical Earth", Perspecta, MIT Press, 25: 3–15 [9], JSTOR 1567135
- ↑ Needham, Joseph (1959), Science and Civilisation in China, 3, p. 376
- ↑ van Dalen 2007
- ↑ Morris Rossabi (28 November 2014). From Yuan to Modern China and Mongolia: The Writings of Morris Rossabi. BRILL. pp. 282–. ISBN 978-90-04-28529-3.
- ↑ Needham 1959, p. 375
- ↑ van Dalen 2007
References
- Dalen, Benno van (2007). "Zhamaluding: Jamāl al‐Dīn Muḥammad ibn Ṭāhir ibn Muḥammad al‐Zaydī al‐Bukhārī". In Thomas Hockey; et al. The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer. pp. 1262–3. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0. (PDF version)
- Zhu, Siben; Fuchs, Walter (1946), The "Mongol Atlas" of China, Taipei: Fu Jen Catholic University