Saipan International Airport

Saipan International Airport
Francisco C. Ada Airport
IATA: SPN – ICAO: PGSN – FAA LID: GSN
Summary
Airport type Public
Owner Commonwealth Ports Authority
Location Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands
Elevation AMSL 215 ft / 66 m
Coordinates 15°07′08″N 145°43′46″E / 15.11889°N 145.72944°E / 15.11889; 145.72944
Website cpa.gov.mp/spnapt.asp
Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
7/25 8,700 2,652 Asphalt
6/24 7,001 2,134 Asphalt
Statistics (2005)
Aircraft operations 39,542
Based aircraft 22
Saipan International Airport (far background), photographed from the top of Mount Tapochau.

Saipan International Airport (IATA: SPN, ICAO: PGSN, FAA LID: GSN), also known as Francisco C. Ada/Saipan International Airport, is a public airport located on Saipan Island in the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. The airport is owned by Commonwealth Ports Authority.[1] Its airfield was previously known as Aslito (during the Japanese South Pacific Mandate) and Isely Field (during the American World War II and later period).

This airport is assigned a three-letter location identifier of GSN by the Federal Aviation Administration, but the International Air Transport Association (IATA) airport code is SPN (the IATA assigned GSN to Mount Gunson Airport in Australia).[1][2][3][4]

History

World War II

Saipan International Airport was a sugarcane field before the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service (IJNAS) constructed a temporary landing field on the site in 1933. The landing field was used for training purposes and had two runways configured in an "L" pattern. In 1937, the Navy began upgrading the airfield for full military use, despite an international law ban on constructing military facilities within the South Pacific Mandate. Following the attack against the United States in 1941, the field was named Aslito Field (アスリート飛行場), based on the indigenous Chamoru name for the area of its location, As Lito.

The IJNAS assigned two squadrons of Mitsubishi A6M5a-52 Zeros to the airfield in mid-June 1944. These squadrons took part in the occupation of the Mariana Islands during the Battle of the Philippine Sea later that month, being almost wiped out by the American forces during the battle.

The airfield was liberated by the United States Army 27th Infantry Division on June 18, 1944 during the Battle of Saipan. During the battle, a Zero from Guam actually landed at Aslito Airfield, the pilot being unaware that the field was under American control. As it landed, the aircraft was fired at and damaged, crashing at the end of the runway. The pilot survived and the plane was captured. The field was renamed Isely Field after United States Navy Commander Robert H. Isely who was killed on June 13, 1944, while strafing the base.[5]

Once in American hands, Isely Field was expanded considerably to support Twentieth Air Force B-29 Superfortress operations. The XXI Bomber Command had been assigned the overall responsibility of the B-29 operations out of the Marianas bases, and Isely Field was to be used by the 73rd Bombardment Wing (which consisted of the 497th, 498th, 499th, and 500th Bombardment Groups).[6]

On October 12, 1944 the first B-29 Joltin Josie The Pacific Pioneer piloted by Brigadier General Haywood S. Hansell commanding General of XXI Bomber Command and copiloted by Major Jack J Catton of the 873d Bombardment Squadron arrived at Isely Field. By November 22, over 100 B-29s were at Isely. The XXI Bomber Command was assigned the task of destroying the aircraft industry of Japan in a series of high-altitude, daylight precision attacks.

After several months of disappointing high level bombing attacks from Isely (and the other Twentieth Air Force airfields on Guam and Tinian), General Curtis LeMay, Commander of Twentieth Air Force issued a new directive that the high-altitude, daylight attacks be phased out and replaced by low-altitude, high-intensity incendiary raids at nighttime, being followed up with high explosive bombs once the targets were set ablaze. These nighttime attacks on Japan proved devastatingly effective, and the Superfortress missions from Isely Field led to massive destruction of industrial targets in Japan, with large industrial areas of Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka being repeatedly attacked by waves of American bombers flying from the Marianas until the war's end. In response to these attacks, most of the Japanese air attacks on the Mariana Islands between November 1944 and January 1945 targeted Isely Field.

The airfield and surviving World War II facilities were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as the "Isley Field Historic District", and are a contributing element of the National Historic Landmark District Landing Beaches; Aslito/Isley Field; & Marpi Point, Saipan Island, which was designated in 1985.

Postwar

With the end of the war the wing's four bomb groups were all returned to the United States, with their B-29s either being flown to Clark Air Base in the Philippines for scrapping, or were flown to storage facilities in Texas or Arizona. The 73d Bomb Wing was reassigned to the United States in December 1945. The airfield was returned to civil control and it reverted to being called Aslito Field.

Saipan International Airport commenced operation on July 25, 1976 taking over from the nearby Kobler Field.[7] Continental Micronesia (originally Air Micronesia)[8] initially had its main hub at Kobler Field and then Saipan Airport. As time passed, the airline's general traffic to and from Saipan had decreased due to the breakup of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; because the territory was subdivided into smaller political units, fewer people needed to travel to Saipan, the former capital of the trust territory.[9] On July 15, 2008, the airline's Manila-Saipan flight, the final remaining Continental Micronesia directly-operated flight, ended.[10]

Japanese tourists began visiting Saipan in large numbers during the 1970s. The airfield and terminal were significantly upgraded in 1975 to handle widebody aircraft.

In 2005, Japan Airlines suspended its services from Japan to SPN. Routes to Osaka and Nagoya were taken over by Northwest Airlines.[11] The airport was also renamed after former Lt. Gov. Francisco C. Ada that year.[12]

A Star Marianas plane crashed during takeoff on November 17, 2012 on its return from Tinian. One person was confirmed dead.[13][14]

Facilities and aircraft

Passenger terminal

Saipan International Airport covers an area of 734 acres (297 ha) which contains two paved runways: (7/25) measures 8,700 x 200 ft (2,652 x 61 m); (6/24) measures 7001 x 100 ft (2134 x 30 m).[1]

For 12-month period ending December 31, 2005, the airport had 39,542 aircraft operations, an average of 108 per day: 61% air taxi, 19% general aviation, 18% scheduled commercial and 1% military.[1]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

AirlinesDestinations
Asiana Airlines Busan, Seoul-Incheon
Seasonal: Osaka-Kansai
China Eastern Airlines Beijing-Capital
Charter: Shanghai-Pudong
Delta Air Lines Tokyo-Narita
Seasonal: Nagoya-Centrair
Hong Kong Airlines Hong Kong
HK Express Hong Kong (begins January 18, 2017)[15]
Jeju Air Busan (begins December 16, 2016),[16] Seoul-Incheon[17]
Jin Air Seoul-Incheon[18]
Philippine Airlines
operated by PAL Express 		Manila[19]
Sichuan Airlines Chengdu, Guangzhou,[20] Shanghai-Pudong[20]
Star Marianas Air[21] Rota, Tinian, Guam
T'way Airlines Seoul-Incheon (begins December 24, 2016)[22]
United Express Guam, Rota

See also

Sources

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 FAA Airport Master Record for GSN (Form 5010 PDF), retrieved 2007-03-15
  2. ↑ "Airline and Airport Code Search". International Air Transport Association (IATA). Retrieved November 14, 2016.
  3. ↑ "Saipan International (IATA: SPN, ICAO: PGSN, FAA: GSN)". Great Circle Mapper. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
  4. ↑ "Mount Gunson Airport (IATA: GSN, ICAO: YMGN)". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
  5. ↑ Hammel, Eric (2010-01-22). Air War Pacific: Chronology: America’s Air War Against Japan in East Asia and the Pacific, 1941–1945. Pacifica, California: Pacifica Military History. p. 383. ISBN 1890988103.
  6. ↑ Peacock Air International August 1989, p. 87.
  7. ↑ "History". Commonwealth Ports Authority. Retrieved May 28, 2013.
  8. ↑ "GAO-10-778T Issues Raised by the Proposed Merger of United and Continental Airlines." Government Accountability Office. Page 4. Retrieved on October 7, 2010.
  9. ↑ Vergara, Jaime R. "Celebrating the de-inauguration of CO 895." (Opinion page) Saipan Tribune. Monday July 21, 2008. Retrieved on October 13, 2010.
  10. ↑ Deposa, Moneth G. Continental shuts down Saipan office." Marianas Variety News & Views. July 17, 2008. Retrieved on February 25, 2009.
  11. ↑
  12. ↑
  13. ↑ Administrator. "BREAKING NEWS: Plane crash at Saipan International Airport". Retrieved June 7, 2015.
  14. ↑ Gaynor Dumat-ol Daleno, "1 killed in Saipan plane crash," Pacific Daily News, November 20, 2012, http://www.guampdn.com/article/20121120/NEWS01/211200301/1-killed-Saipan-plane-crash?odyssey=tab%7Ctopnews%7Ctext%7CFrontpage
  15. ↑ "HK Express schedules Guam / Saipan debut in W16". routesonline. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
  16. ↑ "Jeju Air expands Busan routes from Dec 2016". routesonline. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  17. ↑ "Jeju Air to Start Saipan Service from October 2014". Airline Route. July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 15, 2014.
  18. ↑ "Jin Air Adds New Guam / Saipan Service in S16". airlineroute. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  19. ↑ "PAL Express Adds Saipan Flights from mid-June 2016". airlineroute. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
  20. 1 2 http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?cat=1&newsID=109203
  21. ↑ http://www.starmarianasair.com/
  22. ↑ "T'Way plans Saipan launch in Dec 2016". routesonline. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
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