History of Hartlepool United F.C.

The History of Hartlepool United F.C. covers 100 years of both success and failure of the football club from Hartlepool, England.

The 20th century

Formation

In 1905, the amateur team West Hartlepool won the FA Amateur Cup which at the time was considered second only to the FA Cup. Partly as a result of this the opportunity for a professional team arose in 1908, when West Hartlepool Rugby Club went bust leaving their stadium ‘The Victoria Ground’ vacant.^[1] The stadium was bought and the current club was founded under the name ‘Hartlepools United Football Athletic Company’, representing both the town of West Hartlepool and the original settlement of Old Hartlepool.^[2]

The new team joined the professional North-Eastern league and West Hartlepool F.C. lost some of their players to the new professional side. West Hartlepool managed to continue for a few seasons however it was not long before they broke up leaving Hartlepools United as the only team in town.^[2]

Joining the Football League

Hartlepools United made many early applications to join the Football League however their proximity to Sunderland, Newcastle United and Middlesbrough led to these applications being rejected.

In 1920 the Football League decided to form a third division. However this was based almost entirely in the South as the new division was created by absorbing virtually the entire top division of the Southern League, with Grimsby Town the only northern representative. This was rectified the following season when a Third Division North was created with Hartlepools being one of the founder members.^[3]

Despite a promising 4th-place finish in their first season Hartlepools failed to gain anything having to fight for re-election on several occasions. Hartlepools had a brief good spell in the mid 50s: in 1955 they reached the 4th round of the FA Cup, their best ever performance and in 1957 they were involved in a thrilling 3rd round cup tie against Manchester United's Busby Babes, coming back from 3-0 down at one point to level the match at 3-3, before eventually losing 4-3. The game was played in front of the highest attendance in Hartlepool's history;17,264.They also narrowly missed out on winning Division Three North. The manager at this point had been Fred Westgarth, but he was taken ill and died before the end of the season.

In 1958 following the death of Westgarth things took a turn for the worse and Hartlepools finished in the bottom half of the table. This coincided with the FA ending regionalism and the club being forced to compete in the new Division 4 the following season.

Hartlepool's time in the 4th division included several re-election challenges, although their fortunes improved dramatically under the management of Brian Clough. In 1967-1968, the season after Clough's departure, they managed to finish the season in 3rd place and won promotion to the third division for the first time in their history - they were only here for one season however before being relegated once more. Reflecting the merger of West Hartlepool with Old Hartlepool in 1967, the team were renamed to simply "Hartlepool FC" following promotion.

The period following their brief interlude in Division 3 would prove to be a time of considerable struggle for the club. Their first season following relegation in 1968-69 saw them finish 23rd in Division 4 and have to apply for re-election; although comfortably surviving the vote, there was a warning for Pools as Cambridge United ousted Bradford Park Avenue. Promotion-winning Manager Angus McLean left, being replaced by John Simpson.

A similarly bad performance in 1970-71 saw them once again up for re-election, for the tenth time; while Hartlepool were 11 votes ahead of nearest challengers Hereford United, this was in part due to the non-league vote being split between 13 applicants: had all of the votes gone to one challenger, either Hartlepool or Newport County would have been forced to drop out of the Football League. In addition, the club had suffered an embarrassing FA Cup defeat to Rhyl, then in the Cheshire League. Simpson had lasted less than a year as manager, being replaced towards the end of the season by former Sunderland player Len Ashurst.

The 70s to the 90s

Under Ashurst, the team slowly began to revive. The 1971-72 season saw a welcome improvement to 18th, and possibly saved the club; Barrow, who had finished bottom for the previous two years, were voted out in favour of Hereford despite having improved to 22nd. The club once again avoided the re-election zone in 1972-73, finishing in 20th place, but with four successive finishes either in or not far above the bottom four and strong challenges coming from non-league sides, the club needed to show signs of improvement. Ashurst did precisely that, finishing in 11th in 1973-74; he then left the club to manage Gillingham. Goalkeeper Barry Watling was an outstanding performer in this period.

Ken Hale took over and guided the team to 13th and 14th over the next two seasons and also reached the League Cup 4th Round in 1974-75 (still a club record). However, 1976-77 saw a return to the doldrums; Hale was sacked after failing to win any of the first nine games (including two cup matches) at the start of October. His successor Billy Horner couldn't stop the rot either, and the team finished in 22nd place. Again there was a strong challenger from non-league in the form of Wimbledon; however, as the club was seeking re-election for the first time in six years, it was Workington - bottom for a second successive year and making their fourth consecutive re-election application - that made way. Over the close season the team's name was changed to its current form of Hartlepool United.

A marginal improvement to 21st the following year again saw the club applying to stay in the league; and again a strong non-league challenge, this time from Wigan, was enough to dispose of Southport. It seemed to be only a matter of time before Hartlepool United followed the same way.

Once again then, it was a huge relief for the supporters that Horner managed to make considerable improvements the following season. A large part of this was due to the strike partnership of Bob Newton and Keith Houchen; the latter would be the club's leading scorer in each of the following four seasons. There was also relative success in the FA Cup, with Crystal Palace being defeated at the Victoria Ground thanks to two goals from Newton as the club made the 4th Round.

1978-79 saw a finish in 13th place; 19th the following season was still enough to stay clear of the re-election zone, and then 1980-81 saw the team produce its best season in over a decade, never being out of the top 10 and looking promotion contenders for a long spell before falling away to finish 9th. Keith Houchen was top scorer with 17 league goals, with Newton also making double figures.

Financial issues were however making waves off the pitch and in particular the ownership of the ground. The Town Council were approached by the club with a view to buying the ground in January 1977, and although this was initially turned down negotiations continued. In February 1978, a deal seemed to have been agreed; however chairman Vince Barker accused the council of delaying the deal when it was not complete 12 months later. Barker would accuse the council of trying to renege on the deal in July 1980, and even threatened to move the club out of the town amidst rumours that he was prepared to sell up and allow the club to be moved to Scarborough. As of February 2007, the ground remains in Council ownership.

1981-82 saw the team finish in 14th place despite both Houchen and Newton scoring 18 goals, but their partnership was drawing to a close and with it four seasons of relative success. The club was running into financial difficulties under Vince Barker, and both forwards would be sold the following season for fees that failed to reflect their value to the club but allowed bills to be paid. The team suffered, and finished in 22nd - back in the re-election zone. Billy Horner handed over his duties at the end of March to John Duncan.

Duncan's time at the club was limited. Having been appointed on 1 April, just nine weeks later he left to take over at Chesterfield. Hartlepool appointed Mick Docherty, son of the legendary Tommy Docherty; however after six months and with the team struggling, he too left the club. Even for Hartlepool, four managers in the space of eight months was somewhat farcical; the fact that the decision was made to re-appoint Billy Horner (initially as a temporary measure, although he would actually remain in charge until November 1986) made the situation even worse.

Dissatisfaction with the club's board grew; attendances fell; performances remained poor. An eventual finish of 23rd, and a club record low attendance of 790 for the game with Stockport on 5 May 1984, showed a club that looked to be going nowhere. The application for re-election was again successful, with the club once more polling the lowest figure of the League clubs. During the close season Chairman Barker left the club, John Smart taking over.

Once again though Horner managed to produce an improvement, to 19th, before making a team that looked capable of winning promotion. After a shaky start to 1985-86, the team climbed into the top 3 by mid-October; were still in a promotion spot in early March; and eventually faded slightly to finish in 7th place.

Any hopes that Horner might lead the club to promotion faded shortly after the start of Season 1986-87. After drawing the first four games of the season, Pools then lost the next four before finally recording their first win against Lincoln in the 9th game; a further six games without a win were enough to see the club looking in serious danger of being the first club to be automatically relegated from the Football League and saw Horner depart. He was replaced by John Bird, a former player at the club. Form improved slightly, but although the team eventually finished in relative safety in 18th, they were only three points ahead of Lincoln who suffered relegation.

One peculiarity of the season concerned Middlesbrough; the financially struggling Teessiders had been locked out of their ground Ayresome Park, but were due to play a home game on the opening day of the season. Had they not fulfilled the fixture they would have been expelled from the League; Hartlepool stepped into the breach and offered the use of the Victoria Ground. After Hartlepool's draw with Cardiff in the afternoon, Middlesbrough played their game with Port Vale the same evening. Days later the two clubs met in the League Cup - as of season 2006-07, the two legged tie remains the only occasion the teams have met in a senior competition.

The following season saw an improvement to 16th place, this time comfortably above relegated Newport County and in fact only 11 points from the Playoff Places; however a poor run of form towards the end of the season (four points from the last 10 games) cost the team any hope of promotion. Notable events from the season included both Paul Baker and Andy Toman scoring 20 or more goals in all competitions, and beating neighbours Sunderland in the Associate Members Cup.

Bird had however made something of a name for himself as a manager, and when early season form saw Hartlepool United in 2nd place at the end of September 1988, he left the club to join York City. Former Newcastle United Captain Bobby Moncur was appointed to succeed Bird, but failed to inspire the team; results suffered, and the eventual finishing position of 19th could even have been worse with the team as low as 22nd late in the season.

Sadly for Moncur and the team's supporters, his period in charge continued to be little short of a disaster. Five successive league defeats opened the 1989-90 season, and Moncur eventually resigned in November with the club rooted to the bottom of the table having taken just nine points from 18 games with 46 goals conceded. New Chairman Garry Gibson had initially turned down Moncur's request, but accepted it at the second time of asking.

The new manager appointed though would become a legend at the club. Cyril Knowles had been a distinguished player, and had a growing reputation as a manager; with the addition of several new signings, he achieved a remarkable turnaround. From having 9 points from 19 games, Knowles lead the side to 55 by the end of the season - and a safe 19th place in the table.

Even better was to follow the next season. With the partnership of Paul Baker and Joe Allon working well in attack, the team were in the Top 10 for much of the season and in with a good chance of reaching a playoff place. Then, tragedy struck: Knowles was diagnosed with a brain tumour and had to step down from his duties. Sadly, Knowles died at the end of August 1991; one of the stands at Victoria Park is named in his honour.

The surprising choice of former Middlesbrough player and Hartlepool Chief Executive Alan Murray to take over proved to be a master stroke; under Murray, the team's form improved further and the club went into the final day of the season as one of several clubs that could win not just promotion but the title. A 3-1 win over Northampton was enough to secure promotion in 3rd place; Allon scored 35 goals, and Baker and Paul Dalton also reached double figures.

Although Allon signed for Chelsea over the close season, Murray was able to retain the majority of the squad, and also signed players such as Andy Saville and Lenny Johnrose as the club finished in a highly respectable 11th in Division 3.

1992-93 saw the club playing in Division 2, as the formation of the Premier League caused a re-labelling of the divisions. With Murray having brought in players such as Dean Emerson, John Gallacher and Ryan Cross the club got off to a great start - by October the team was in 2nd, level on points with leaders West Brom.

During the 1992-93 season, Hartlepool set a new English football record of thirteen consecutive games without scoring a goal. The streak ended when they visited Blackpool for a league match on 6 March 1993.

The club remained in the playoff hunt until New Year, and then achieved one of the best results in its history when beating Crystal Palace 1-0 in the FA Cup 3rd Round - the first time that Hartlepool had beaten a top division side. However this would prove to be the end of the club's success for several years. It was revealed shortly after the cup win that the club were in financial difficulties. To make ends meet, a number of players were released or sold, and the club set an unenviable record by going 1227 minutes without scoring. During this run Murray was sacked and replaced by Viv Busby. The club eventually escaped relegation, finishing 16th.

The following season was an unmitigated disaster. With no money to bring in players, the team struggled all season. Busby was replaced in November 1993 by John MacPhail, but he could do little as the team remained in the relegation places from November until the end of the season. Relegation was assured following a 7-0 defeat at Rotherham; the final day of the season saw the team thrashed 8-1 by Plymouth at the Victoria Ground.

The next five seasons saw constant struggle and a succession of managers. Gibson finally sold the club to local Businessman Harold Hornsey, who at least was able to financially stabilise the club; but with little money available for players times were hard. MacPhail left early in 1994-95 and was replaced by Dave McCreery; he was replaced towards the end of the same season by Keith Houchen, who had returned as a player. Houchen was in turn replaced after 18 months by Mick Tait.

Meanwhile, the club finished in 18th, 20th (twice) and 17th. There was also a change of ownership in 1997: Hornsey sold the club to an oil company called IOR but remained Chairman for the following two seasons, Ken Hodcroft, an employee of IOR then took over as Chairman. The 1997-98 season, however, showed some promise: Hartlepool were 6th in January but would finish 17th with 23 of their 46 games drawn.

Matters came to a head in 1998-99. Tait's side were struggling, and even the signing of former England International Peter Beardsley hadn't changed the club's fortunes. Tait was sacked in January 1999, and Chris Turner was appointed; despite being four points adrift at the bottom of the League at Easter, Turner was able to prevent the club being relegated.

The 21st century

Under Turner, matters improved drastically. In 1999-2000 they reached the playoffs, but were beaten by local rivals Darlington in the semi-finals. They qualified for the play-offs for the next two seasons as well - though on both occasions they were again defeated in the Semi-Finals.

In 2002-03 they finished in second place and won automatic promotion to the Football League Second Division once more. Turner had however left to take over Sheffield Wednesday part way through the season; Mike Newell replaced him but was surprisingly released over the close season, Neale Cooper taking over.

After an exceptional campaign in 2003-04, which included an 8-1 victory over Grimsby Town, they finished 6th and made the playoffs. However, they lost to third placed Bristol City after two games after holding them to a draw on the first leg. This season also saw Eifion Williams called up to the Wales squad and looked set to become only the second Hartlepool player ever to win an international cap while at the club; however an unfortunate injury in the Play-off Second Leg forced him to withdraw.

The club finished sixth in the league again in the 2004-05 season, despite the shock departure of Cooper just before the end of the season. In the play-off semi-final, they defeated Tranmere Rovers 6-5 on penalties after the sides had each won their home leg 2-0. The club couldn't win promotion though, as in the final however they lost 4-2 to Sheffield Wednesday after extra time. Hartlepool had been leading 2-1 with 8 minutes of regular time to go, but a controversial penalty decision in the 82nd minute which also saw Chris Westwood sent off allowed Sheffield Wednesday to level the scores making it 2-2 at 90 minutes. Hartlepool missing a key defender struggled in extra time and conceded two goals. Following this achievement Cooper's assistant Martin Scott was appointed as Manager.

The 2005-06 season saw the side slip down the division to the relegation places helped in part by poor management, an indecisive board room and key player injuries. Manager Martin Scott was suspended after an alleged fight with a player in the changing rooms, which resulted in his dismissal. Youth team coach Paul Stephenson was put in charge until the end of the season and despite remaining undefeated in his first five games in charge, he could not prevent the club being relegated into the fourth tier in May 2006. Some felt that Hartlepool's relegation was unfair given that Rotherham United had escaped administration, and therefore a 10-point deduction and relegation, by delaying a CVA meeting until after the season had ended.

On 13 June 2006, Danny Wilson was appointed manager. Wilson was unable to save fellow strugglers MK Dons from relegation to League Two at the end of the 2005-06 season, and he was sacked on 10 May 2006.

On 1 January 2007 Hartlepool United equalled the all-time Football League record of consecutive wins without conceding a goal. The 1-0 win at Mansfield Town was the 8th straight win without conceding. The record was also held by Barnsley F.C. and Wigan Athletic. However, the record was then broken by Stockport County on 3 March 2007 when they recorded their ninth successive win without conceding.

On 25 March 2007, Hartlepool also broke their unbeaten record of 21 games by beating local rivals Darlington 3-0, also setting the record for the best unbeaten run in the lowest division of the Football League. Football pundit and Hartlepool fan Jeff Stelling claiming "Darlington were completely outclassed on the day as the chasm between the two teams grows larger", on SkySports' 'Soccer AM'.

Danny Wilson led the club to a 15th-place finish in their first season back in League One, although they were only six points clear of the relegation zone in a tight division.

The 2008-09 season continued in a similar trend for the club, and the team looked set for another comfortable mid-table finish yet on 15 December with the club sitting in 13th place the decision was taken to sack Danny Wilson, with Chris Turner regaining control of first-team affairs via his position as Director of Sport. Whilst the club claimed the Premier League scalp of Stoke City, results and performances in the league suffered after the managerial change and going into the final game of the season, a six-goal swing would have seen Hartlepool relegated had performances gone against them. The club stayed in the division despite a final day 4-1 defeat to Bristol Rovers.

The following campaign was not as significant improvement as many at the club would have hoped for and Hartlepool were once again at the wrong end of the division coming into the final few matches of the season. Whilst it seemed like the profitable loan spell of Irish striker Roy O'Donovan from Sunderland AFC may have eased worries, the club were thrust into the relegation dogfight when it was announced that they had fielded an ineligible player, Gary Liddle in the club's 2-0 win against Brighton and Hove Albion. The three point deduction announced shortly before Hartlepool's final fixture meant they were in significant danger of relegation, yet a point away at Brentford FC ensured their League One status for another campaign, leading to visible elation from Jeff Stelling on Sky Sports.

Much unrest was aimed at Turner during the campaign and coupled with a consortium Turner was involved with's failed attempt to takeover Sheffield Wednesday, the Director of Sport left his position. Recently appointed first-team coach, Mick Wadsworth took charge of the side, and despite promise of a possible play-off charge over new year, the pre-season relegation favourites secured a respectable 16th position, including memorable wins over play-off finalists Huddersfield Town at the Galpharm Stadium and home wins over soon to be promoted sides Peterborough United and Brighton at Victoria Park. The team also reached the third round of the FA Cup, losing to Watford FC.

Over the close season in 2011, the club launched a historic season-ticket scheme which resulted in over 5,500 season tickets being sold for a maximum price of £100. Tickets were helped by exciting signings such as Nolberto Solano, who went on to score twice for the club. This campaign saw the club's best start to a season ever, with 19 points from an unbeaten streak of nine games, however results faded afterwards and a streak of 9 straight home losses in all competitions led to Wadsworth's dismissal on 6 December. Neale Cooper was re-appointed on 28 December and led the club to 13th place - their highest position since their promotion back to that level in 2007. Hartlepool fans also became a worldwide hit as hundreds of fans dressed as Smurfs for the club's final game against Charlton, with pictures of them at King's Cross station reaching as far wide as Japanese news websites.

Another season-ticket drive has been launched for the 2012 close season.

References