Hetampur

Hetampur হেতমপুর
Town
Hetampur Location in West Bengal, India
Coordinates: 23°46′55″N 87°24′12″E / 23.781936°N 87.403346°E / 23.781936; 87.403346Coordinates: 23°46′55″N 87°24′12″E / 23.781936°N 87.403346°E / 23.781936; 87.403346
Country	India
State	West Bengal
District	Birbhum
Languages
• Official	Bengali, English
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN	731124
Telephone code	91 3462
Lok Sabha constituency	Birbhum
Vidhan Sabha constituency	Dubrajpur
Website	birbhum.nic.in

Hetampur is a town in Suri Sadar subdivision of Birbhum District in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is situated near Dubrajpur . It is famous for the Rajbari, which has historical value.^[1]

Geography

Hetampur is located at 23°46′55″N 87°24′12″E / 23.781936°N 87.403346°E / 23.781936; 87.403346.

History

The earlier name of the place was Raghabpur, named after Raghab Roy, who was a Zamindar of the place under the Royal Kings of Rajnagar. Murshid Quli Khan, Nawab of Bengal, came, on the request of the Rajnagar kings, to tame the rebellious Raghab Roy. The latter was defeated and he fled. Thereafter, Hatem Khan became Zamindar, of this place and it was renamed Hatempur. With the passage of time it became Hetampur.^[2] It is said that Hafeez Khan, a soldier, had an affair with a royal princess of Delhi. He fled from Delhi along with the princess and was provided refuge by Hatem Khan. He followed the latter as jaigirdar of Hetampur.^[2]

Hetampur Raj

The House of Hetampur Raj rose from obscure origins to the status of the most powerful Kingdom and later Zamindari of Birbhum district.^[3]

Muralidhar Chakravarty, an ancestor of the Hetampur Raj family, emigrated from Bankura district to Birbhum in the late seventeenth century. He first worked in a menial job under the Muslim Zamindar of Rajnagar. His son, Chaitanya Charan Chakravarty, was brought to Hetampur by Hafeez Khan, the Fouzdar (Military Commandar) of Hetampur fort, some fifteen miles south-east of Rajnagar. He died leaving the family in penury.^[3]

His son, Maharaja Radhanath Chakravarty, was founder of Hetampur Raj family with his 'dash, zeal, and intelligence'. He subdued the Roy family of Hetampur, who were then Gomasta (Secretary) and Ijaradar (Lease Holder) of Birbhum Raj. With the decline of Rajnagar, the Roy family eclipsed and Radhanath’s fortunes began to rise. Between 1781 and 1799 he undertook Lease of 19 Mouzas of Birbhum Raj and captured some in battles with them. He purchased several Mahals (Zamindari Area) from Murshidabad Nawab when they were put up for auction but never paid taxes and declared freedom from Muslim rule. During the period he had a decisive war with Rajnagar and became independent Bengali King of Birbhum and nearby areas. In the end, he brought the Roy family on his pay roll. When he died in 1838, the net income from his property was Rs. 20,000.^[3]

Radhanath’s son, Raja Bipracharan Chakravarty, was the most successful ruler of the Hetampur Raj family. He surpassed his father in ambition, enterprise and ingenuity. Within seven years of his father’s death, he made his Kingdom, the largest in Birbhum. He lent Rs. 50,000 to Bibi Rajibunissa of Rajnagar Raj family and in return secured more lands. He also ruled over extensive areas in Santhal Parganas.^[3]

In 1875, Northbrook conferred on Ramranjan Chakravarty, grandson of Bipracharan, the title of Raja though he was then reduced to a mere Zamindar only and accepted suzerainty of the British India. Two years later he was raised to the position of Raja Bahadur by Lord Lytton. In 1912, he was elevated to the rank of Maharaja , a great honour and distinction for a Zamindar then.^[3]

Education

Schools - Hetampur Raj High School, Hetampur Girls’ High School
College - Krishna Chandra College
Other - Hetampur Rajbati Primary Teachers Training Institute.^[4]

Culture

Rajbari

The Rajbari was built in the shape of a castle with 999 doors which has given it the name Hetampur HajarDuari. (hajar is one thousand in Bengali, duari means doored). Hetampur Rajbari has been used by film directors such as Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen, Tarun Majumdar, Raja Sen, Dilip Roy, Sandip Ray, and others in many Bengali films – Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne, Abhijan, Mrigaya, and Ganadebata.^[5]

Temples

Hetampur has many interesting terracotta temples in various styles of architecture. During the late 1940s till about 1952 Indian artist Mukul Dey conducted detailed photographic survey of Birbhum-Barddhaman group of terracotta temples. He visited Hetampur and photo recorded the Gol-Mandir, the Chandranath Shiva temple and the Dewanji temples here. Chandranatha Siva Mandir in Hetampur of Dubrajpur, Birbhum built in 1847 is Octagonal pinnacled - Naba Ratna type with terracotta on three sides. Dewanji Mandir nearby is tightly ridged Rekha type with small terracotta facade of 19th century Birbhum-Barddhaman style having rich terracotta on two sides. Out of these three temples, the Gol-Mandir temple is no longer in existence at Hetampur. Its memory survives only in the photographs by Mukul Dey. A portrait of Queen Victoria, European nuns and priests form the theme of decoration on a 19th-century temple in Hetampur.^[6]

Fair

Bipracharan Chakravarty of the Hetampur Raj family started a Saraswati Puja at Hetampur. His grandson, Ramranjan, started a 3-days fair on the occasion. The fair continues on the grounds of the Hetampur Rajbari. Gurusaday Dutt had once presented raibeshe bratachari during the fair. Many renowned personalities were invited to attend the fair and some of them came. Hetampur Royal Theatre and Ranjan Opera had their inaugural shows at the fair.^[2]

Personality

Srikumar Bandopadhyay, educationist and literary critic, hailed from Kushmor village in Birbhum district. He completed his First Arts (FA) from Hetampur College before moving to Kolkata.^[7]

References