HMS Congo (1816)

History
UK
Name:	HMS Congo
Ordered:	13 April 1815
Builder:	Deptford Dockyard Engines by Boulton, Watt & Co.
Laid down:	October 1815
Launched:	11 January 1816
Completed:	By 6 February 1816
Reclassified:	Survey ship in 1817 Hulked in 1819
Fate:	Sold on 15 March 1826
General characteristics
Class and type:	wooden paddle sloop 3-masted schooner
Tons burthen:	82 57/94 bm
Length:	70 ft (21.3 m) (overall) 60 ft 8 in (18.5 m) (keel)
Beam:	16 ft (4.9 m)
Draught:	4.25 ft (1.30 m)
Depth of hold:	8 ft 10 in (2.69 m)
Sail plan:	3-masted schooner
Complement:	240
Armament:	1 × 12pdr carronade 12 × ½pdr swivels

HMS Congo was the first steam-powered warship built for the Royal Navy. She was classified as a steam sloop and was built in 1816 at Deptford Dockyard specifically for an exploration of the Congo River. Trials with her engines proved disappointing, and it was removed before she embarked on her first voyage.

Design and construction

Congo was ordered on 13 April 1815 to a design by Sir Robert Seppings. She was laid down in October 1815 and launched on 11 January 1816. She was armed with one 12pdr carronade and twelve ½pdr swivel guns. The steam engine is recorded as weighing 30 tons and was capable of developing 20 Horse Power.^[1]

Trials proved that this power, when transmitted to the paddle wheels, could only propel the vessel at about three knots. Such a rate of progress, coupled with unsatisfactory handling characteristics (she was described as very crank) resulted in the engines and paddle wheels being removed. Examination of the situation by James Watt Junior, son of James Watt, could only come up with a recommendation to use the engine for pumping out docks at Plymouth. Thus, the Congo sailed to her destination without the steam engine, rigged as a schooner. A sectional profile, deck plan and body plan of Congo are reproduced from draughts held by the National Maritime Museum (Greenwich) in Marquardt's book The Global Schooner.^[2]

The Congo expedition

The expedition, under James Kingston Tuckey, was the first attempt to map the Congo River, and did little beyond prove that the lower river was not navigable beyond one hundred miles (160 km) from the sea. The other thing it proved was that such expeditions were little more than suicide until medical science had improved - 38 of the 56 expedition members perished, including all of the officers and scientists and the crew that accompanied them inland. The cause of death was a "tropical fever", probably yellow fever. Most of the survivors were seamen who had stayed with the support vessel, the Dorothy, at the rapids which blocked further progress. It was to be another fifty years before the river was mapped, by Henry Morton Stanley. A full account of the fitting out of the ship and the circumstances of the disastrous expedition are chronicled in Leydon's Historical account of discoveries and travels in Africa (1817).^[3]

Later career

Congo was fitted out as a hulk in 1819 and laid up in the Swale. She was sold at Rye to a J. Harvey on 15 March 1826 for the sum of £146.

References

• Winfield, Rif & Lyon, David (2004). The Sail and Steam Navy List: All the Ships of the Royal Navy 1815–1889. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-032-6. OCLC 52620555.