Global Slavery Index
The Global Slavery Index is an annual study of world-wide slavery conditions by country published by the Walk Free Foundation. In 2016, the study estimated a total of 45.8 million people to be in some form of modern slavery in 167 countries.[1]
The report includes three data points for each country: national estimates of the prevalence of modern slavery, vulnerability measures and an assessment of the strength of government responses.[2] The Index pioneered the use of random-sampled, nationally-representative surveys to estimate prevalence. This included commissioning seven such surveys in 2014 and a further 19 surveys through Gallup World Poll in 2015.[3]
The 2014 Index includes country studies with policy recommendations for many countries including: Australia, Pakistan, India, Brazil, the United Kingdom, the United States, Qatar, and others.
Calculation
The 2014 Global Slavery Index includes data on three key variables: the prevalence of modern slavery in each country, vulnerability, and government responses to modern slavery. The methodology is written up in detail in a methodology paper.
The first of these factors, the prevalence estimates, were derived using a statistical process known as extrapolation. In 2015, Joudo Larsen, Bales and Datta published an article that describes the extrapolation process, and provides a test of it. Writing in Significance, the magazine of the UK Royal Statistics Society, Joudo Larson et al. note that the estimates in the 2014 Global Slavery Index involved several steps:
- Clustering: countries were grouped into seven clusters, based on their degree of similarity for factors relevant to vulnerability of enslavement. The data on vulnerability included variables on five dimensions: state stability, social discrimination, presence or absence of human rights protections, economic and social development, and presence of governmental slavery policy. The groups were chosen by a K-means clustering algorithm.
- Extrapolation: survey data on the prevalence of slavery (expressed as a percentage of the population) that was available for each cluster was then used to estimate the prevalence for other countries within that same cluster. A slightly different method was followed for 'cluster 1', which involved mostly European and highly developed countries. This is discussed further below and in the article by Bales and Datta.[4]
- National-level adjustments were done by hand on a country-by-country basis, reflecting considerations such as geography.
This resulted in a prevalence estimate for each country, calculated as a proportion of the total population that was enslaved within that country. For all 167 countries this produced a total global estimate in 2014 of 35.8 million enslaved people.
Writing in 2015, Larsen et al. note that newer 2015 survey estimates now allow a comparative test of some of the 2014 extrapolated estimates. This is important for checking the validity of the earlier results and the continued application and use of this methodology. The comparisons suggest that extrapolation, while not perfect, is a useful and valid method. All but one of the extrapolated estimates of the prevalence of slavery fell within one percentage point of the estimates derived from random sample surveys.[5]
In their article "Slavery in Europe: Part 1, Estimating the Dark Figure", Monti Datta and Kevin Bales demonstrate the statistical techniques applied to the estimation of the dark figure of the prevalence of modern slavery across Europe.[4] These same techniques are applied to a dataset that includes random survey sampling (where possible), secondary source estimates, a process of extrapolation, and a country-level adjustment to determine the prevalence of people in modern slavery around the world in the Global Slavery Index.[6]
Controversy
According to researchers Andrew Guth, Robyn Anderson, Kasey Kinnard and Hang Tran, an analysis of the Index's methods reveals significant and critical weaknesses and raises questions about its replicability and validity. They claim that the publicity given to the Index is leading to the use of its poor data not only by popular culture and reputable magazines and news outlets but also by academic journals and top policy makers.[7]
Some countries, for which no data were available, were given the same rate as countries that were judged to be similar. For example, prevalence rates for Britain were applied to Ireland and Iceland, and those for America to several western European nations, including Germany. This form of extrapolation has attracted some criticism.[8]
Global Slavery Index 2014
Vulnerability data | Prevalence data | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Country | Region | Slavery policy | Human rights | Development | State stability | Discrimination | Mean | Pop. in slavery % | Pop. in slavery n | Population |
1 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 92.9 | 75.3 | 76.8 | 62.7 | 67.6 | 72.2 | 4.0000 | 155,600 | 3,889,880 |
2 | ![]() | Russia and Eurasia | 54.0 | 91.8 | 39.0 | 62.8 | 38.6 | 56.5 | 3.9729 | 1,201,400 | 30,241,100 |
3 | ![]() | Americas | 68.2 | 67.0 | 81.3 | 64.3 | 75.0 | 71.9 | 2.3041 | 237,700 | 10,317,461 |
4 | ![]() | Middle East and North Africa | 50.5 | 82.3 | 28.1 | 26.1 | 70.1 | 50.8 | 1.3563 | 29,400 | 2,168,673 |
5 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 85.9 | 58.9 | 54.0 | 56.5 | 38.3 | 56.7 | 1.1409 | 14,285,700 | 1,252,139,596 |
6 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 85.9 | 79.2 | 60.4 | 68.9 | 60.0 | 69.5 | 1.1300 | 2,058,200 | 182,142,594 |
7 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 78.8 | 78.0 | 83.9 | 80.7 | 64.3 | 79.3 | 1.1300 | 762,900 | 67,513,677 |
8 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 78.8 | 100.0 | 79.7 | 79.8 | 59.9 | 82.6 | 1.1300 | 429,000 | 37,964,306 |
9 | ![]() | Middle East and North Africa | 100.0 | 100.0 | 55.3 | 74.7 | 54.1 | 76.9 | 1.1300 | 258,200 | 22,845,550 |
10 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 92.9 | 83.5 | 82.3 | 77.0 | 66.2 | 78.9 | 1.1300 | 52,200 | 4,616,417 |
11 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 64.6 | 50.5 | 69.6 | 57.3 | 69.4 | 61.7 | 1.1061 | 49,200 | 4,447,632 |
12 | ![]() | Middle East and North Africa | 39.9 | 85.0 | 34.4 | 34.1 | 40.6 | 46.8 | 1.0572 | 98,800 | 9,346,129 |
13 | ![]() | Middle East and North Africa | 71.7 | 91.8 | 61.3 | 77.2 | 59.0 | 71.7 | 1.0351 | 345,900 | 33,417,476 |
14 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 75.3 | 58.8 | 54.8 | 65.3 | 63.6 | 62.9 | 1.0292 | 155,800 | 15,135,169 |
15 | ![]() | Russia and Eurasia | 4.5 | 58.0 | 40.1 | 52.6 | 53.6 | 41.8 | 0.9362 | 33,300 | 3,559,000 |
16 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 64.6 | 28.5 | 35.7 | 42.5 | 44.9 | 44.0 | 0.9068 | 25,700 | 2,839,073 |
17 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 78.8 | 23.0 | 49.6 | 35.7 | 72.5 | 51.2 | 0.9068 | 20,900 | 2,303,315 |
18 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 85.9 | 35.5 | 50.2 | 29.6 | 53.6 | 51.8 | 0.9068 | 18,300 | 2,021,144 |
19 | ![]() | Americas | 47.0 | 23.0 | 53.3 | 35.7 | 63.4 | 45.2 | 0.9068 | 4,900 | 539,276 |
20 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 61.1 | 61.7 | 64.9 | 50.7 | 30.1 | 53.2 | 0.8227 | 228,700 | 27,797,457 |
21 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 71.7 | 25.9 | 67.9 | 46.2 | 63.5 | 54.4 | 0.7456 | 193,100 | 25,904,598 |
22 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 54.0 | 44.9 | 77.8 | 55.5 | 41.0 | 55.5 | 0.7456 | 192,600 | 25,833,752 |
23 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 61.1 | 47.8 | 86.9 | 55.2 | 50.2 | 60.2 | 0.7456 | 132,900 | 17,831,270 |
24 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 54.0 | 38.8 | 83.7 | 58.9 | 42.8 | 55.8 | 0.7456 | 126,300 | 16,934,839 |
25 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 64.6 | 43.5 | 89.1 | 41.6 | 57.9 | 58.6 | 0.7456 | 122,000 | 16,362,567 |
26 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 61.1 | 51.1 | 71.4 | 48.5 | 67.7 | 58.9 | 0.7456 | 108,400 | 14,538,640 |
27 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 43.4 | 38.1 | 76.4 | 54.3 | 55.7 | 55.7 | 0.7456 | 105,400 | 14,133,280 |
28 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 61.1 | 36.7 | 80.3 | 51.0 | 50.1 | 56.7 | 0.7456 | 77,000 | 10,323,474 |
29 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 68.2 | 50.5 | 76.9 | 60.4 | 48.1 | 60.1 | 0.7456 | 50,800 | 6,816,982 |
30 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 78.8 | 35.9 | 81.6 | 53.7 | 52.0 | 59.7 | 0.7456 | 32,000 | 4,294,077 |
31 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 82.3 | 34.0 | 70.4 | 46.0 | 52.1 | 57.7 | 0.7456 | 15,500 | 2,074,465 |
32 | ![]() | Russia and Eurasia | 54.0 | 89.9 | 29.7 | 67.0 | 47.5 | 56.2 | 0.7315 | 1,049,700 | 143,499,861 |
33 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 54.0 | 62.9 | 81.6 | 54.9 | 67.5 | 64.2 | 0.7114 | 350,400 | 49,253,126 |
34 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 57.6 | 65.6 | 78.5 | 67.6 | 55.7 | 65.0 | 0.7114 | 144,500 | 20,316,086 |
35 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 92.9 | 41.7 | 81.4 | 64.5 | 45.7 | 64.0 | 0.7114 | 108,900 | 15,301,650 |
36 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 75.3 | 60.7 | 86.4 | 74.1 | 64.9 | 73.7 | 0.7114 | 91,200 | 12,825,314 |
37 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 75.3 | 71.2 | 70.2 | 45.9 | 54.1 | 63.5 | 0.7114 | 83,800 | 11,776,522 |
38 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 71.7 | 64.3 | 82.4 | 69.7 | 61.5 | 70.0 | 0.7114 | 83,600 | 11,745,189 |
39 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 82.3 | 53.3 | 78.5 | 72.5 | 57.3 | 66.7 | 0.7114 | 80,400 | 11,296,173 |
40 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 78.8 | 55.2 | 81.9 | 66.4 | 41.7 | 66.3 | 0.7114 | 72,300 | 10,162,532 |
41 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 68.2 | 42.0 | 86.0 | 50.7 | 68.2 | 63.0 | 0.7114 | 43,300 | 6,092,075 |
42 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 57.6 | 53.3 | 82.5 | 60.6 | 58.8 | 62.5 | 0.7114 | 13,200 | 1,849,285 |
43 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 68.2 | 75.3 | 72.5 | 56.1 | 52.7 | 65.7 | 0.7114 | 6,200 | 872,932 |
44 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 57.6 | 60.0 | 40.0 | 44.6 | 58.6 | 51.5 | 0.7093 | 475,300 | 67,010,502 |
45 | ![]() | Middle East and North Africa | 68.2 | 77.2 | 38.0 | 40.9 | 58.8 | 56.1 | 0.7093 | 25,800 | 3,632,444 |
46 | ![]() | Middle East and North Africa | 89.4 | 69.9 | 34.3 | 36.8 | 78.2 | 61.8 | 0.7093 | 23,900 | 3,368,572 |
47 | ![]() | Middle East and North Africa | 78.8 | 86.9 | 27.4 | 37.2 | 56.5 | 58.2 | 0.7093 | 9,400 | 1,332,171 |
48 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 43.4 | 86.7 | 36.6 | 30.3 | 67.0 | 51.4 | 0.7093 | 3,000 | 417,784 |
49 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 50.5 | 9.3 | 43.6 | 33.6 | 61.4 | 41.3 | 0.6368 | 3,200 | 498,897 |
50 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 64.6 | 69.5 | 55.2 | 55.8 | 73.2 | 65.0 | 0.5359 | 6,700 | 1,249,514 |
51 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 92.9 | 50.5 | 82.6 | 72.0 | 60.0 | 70.3 | 0.5001 | 8,500 | 1,704,255 |
52 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 50.5 | 72.7 | 58.5 | 68.4 | 71.0 | 63.6 | 0.4805 | 834,200 | 173,615,345 |
53 | ![]() | Middle East and North Africa | 50.5 | 82.1 | 42.9 | 49.9 | 77.2 | 60.6 | 0.4800 | 393,800 | 82,056,378 |
54 | ![]() | Middle East and North Africa | 89.4 | 92.1 | 49.2 | 48.1 | 48.9 | 64.8 | 0.4800 | 188,200 | 39,208,194 |
55 | ![]() | Middle East and North Africa | 85.9 | 68.9 | 43.9 | 46.6 | 50.9 | 60.0 | 0.4800 | 158,400 | 33,008,150 |
56 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 78.8 | 77.4 | 35.6 | 30.4 | 71.5 | 58.1 | 0.4800 | 142,600 | 29,716,965 |
57 | ![]() | Middle East and North Africa | 61.1 | 85.9 | 48.6 | 37.5 | 62.4 | 60.7 | 0.4800 | 31,000 | 6,459,000 |
58 | ![]() | Middle East and North Africa | 68.2 | 64.8 | 38.2 | 62.5 | 78.4 | 62.5 | 0.4800 | 21,400 | 4,467,390 |
59 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 75.3 | 62.0 | 67.3 | 58.6 | 30.0 | 57.3 | 0.4348 | 680,900 | 156,594,962 |
60 | ![]() | Middle East and North Africa | 96.5 | 92.8 | 41.0 | 58.1 | 68.4 | 71.4 | 0.4348 | 336,700 | 77,447,168 |
61 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 68.2 | 91.8 | 71.8 | 61.8 | 64.5 | 72.3 | 0.4348 | 231,600 | 53,259,018 |
62 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 78.8 | 69.8 | 91.9 | 79.3 | 54.4 | 75.1 | 0.4348 | 132,800 | 30,551,674 |
63 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 85.9 | 100.0 | 59.8 | 75.1 | 58.8 | 75.2 | 0.4348 | 108,200 | 24,895,480 |
64 | ![]() | Middle East and North Africa | 89.4 | 94.5 | 64.6 | 69.7 | 84.4 | 80.6 | 0.4348 | 106,100 | 24,407,381 |
65 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 71.7 | 75.3 | 63.4 | 61.4 | 54.4 | 65.3 | 0.4348 | 93,400 | 21,471,618 |
66 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 85.9 | 91.8 | 63.9 | 70.9 | 53.5 | 73.5 | 0.4348 | 61,500 | 14,149,648 |
67 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 85.9 | 100.0 | 92.8 | 85.5 | 100.0 | 94.9 | 0.4348 | 45,600 | 10,495,583 |
68 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 92.9 | 100.0 | 86.3 | 55.9 | 83.5 | 83.8 | 0.4348 | 27,500 | 6,333,135 |
69 | ![]() | Middle East and North Africa | 89.4 | 88.2 | 50.0 | 63.0 | 83.5 | 75.6 | 0.4348 | 27,000 | 6,201,521 |
70 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 92.9 | 83.5 | 53.7 | 62.8 | 58.8 | 69.6 | 0.4348 | 3,300 | 757,014 |
71 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 36.4 | 92.6 | 82.7 | 52.7 | 53.8 | 62.3 | 0.4141 | 389,700 | 94,100,756 |
72 | ![]() | Americas | 71.7 | 39.9 | 68.4 | 49.8 | 67.5 | 57.3 | 0.3870 | 3,100 | 799,613 |
73 | ![]() | Europe | 22.2 | 42.4 | 30.9 | 47.9 | 34.1 | 35.5 | 0.3797 | 27,600 | 7,265,115 |
74 | ![]() | Europe | 8.1 | 27.9 | 28.7 | 17.7 | 37.6 | 24.0 | 0.3600 | 37,900 | 10,521,468 |
75 | ![]() | Europe | 54.0 | 30.8 | 33.8 | 22.1 | 32.4 | 35.3 | 0.3600 | 35,600 | 9,897,247 |
76 | ![]() | Europe | 25.8 | 45.4 | 34.1 | 43.2 | 40.2 | 37.0 | 0.3600 | 25,800 | 7,163,976 |
77 | ![]() | Europe | 11.6 | 28.5 | 31.2 | 39.3 | 33.4 | 28.8 | 0.3600 | 19,500 | 5,414,095 |
78 | ![]() | Russia and Eurasia | 57.6 | 71.9 | 37.0 | 45.9 | 46.8 | 51.1 | 0.3600 | 16,100 | 4,476,900 |
79 | ![]() | Europe | 43.4 | 33.8 | 30.8 | 30.3 | 37.0 | 33.7 | 0.3600 | 15,300 | 4,252,700 |
80 | ![]() | Europe | 29.3 | 57.2 | 34.9 | 46.4 | 53.8 | 45.7 | 0.3600 | 13,800 | 3,829,307 |
81 | ![]() | Russia and Eurasia | 4.5 | 63.7 | 35.7 | 51.6 | 54.8 | 42.1 | 0.3600 | 10,700 | 2,976,566 |
82 | ![]() | Europe | 47.0 | 36.4 | 24.5 | 27.1 | 44.3 | 35.2 | 0.3600 | 10,600 | 2,956,121 |
83 | ![]() | Europe | 47.0 | 43.6 | 36.0 | 57.0 | 55.3 | 46.3 | 0.3600 | 10,000 | 2,773,620 |
84 | ![]() | Europe | 25.8 | 41.7 | 33.7 | 54.9 | 46.0 | 39.7 | 0.3600 | 7,600 | 2,107,158 |
85 | ![]() | Europe | 4.5 | 15.1 | 29.6 | 16.1 | 34.8 | 20.7 | 0.3600 | 7,400 | 2,060,484 |
86 | ![]() | Europe | 50.5 | 13.2 | 28.1 | 24.6 | 43.5 | 30.6 | 0.3600 | 4,800 | 1,324,612 |
87 | ![]() | Europe | 25.8 | 27.7 | 29.0 | 20.7 | 46.0 | 29.8 | 0.3600 | 4,100 | 1,141,166 |
88 | ![]() | Europe | 36.4 | 38.8 | 30.3 | 49.5 | 49.0 | 40.8 | 0.3600 | 2,200 | 621,383 |
89 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 47.0 | 91.8 | 45.1 | 49.4 | 41.7 | 54.3 | 0.3592 | 322,200 | 89,708,900 |
90 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 39.9 | 72.4 | 72.4 | 51.2 | 54.4 | 56.7 | 0.3592 | 135,000 | 37,578,876 |
91 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 32.8 | 71.6 | 74.6 | 59.7 | 57.0 | 58.4 | 0.3592 | 79,900 | 22,253,959 |
92 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 64.6 | 69.7 | 47.1 | 58.9 | 34.2 | 55.7 | 0.3592 | 73,600 | 20,483,000 |
93 | ![]() | Russia and Eurasia | 36.4 | 75.8 | 34.0 | 57.8 | 38.0 | 49.1 | 0.3592 | 61,200 | 17,037,508 |
94 | ![]() | Russia and Eurasia | 43.4 | 85.2 | 36.7 | 59.5 | 43.3 | 53.7 | 0.3592 | 33,800 | 9,416,598 |
95 | ![]() | Russia and Eurasia | 39.9 | 78.0 | 51.1 | 57.1 | 38.5 | 51.4 | 0.3592 | 29,500 | 8,207,834 |
96 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 61.1 | 97.3 | 61.5 | 49.8 | 50.0 | 62.6 | 0.3592 | 24,300 | 6,769,727 |
97 | ![]() | Russia and Eurasia | 68.2 | 64.3 | 45.3 | 57.0 | 43.1 | 54.2 | 0.3592 | 20,500 | 5,719,500 |
98 | ![]() | Russia and Eurasia | 64.6 | 100.0 | 45.0 | 64.7 | 46.3 | 64.8 | 0.3592 | 18,800 | 5,240,072 |
99 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 71.7 | 23.0 | 60.5 | 58.2 | 57.0 | 54.2 | 0.3404 | 4,000 | 1,178,252 |
100 | ![]() | Middle East and North Africa | 64.6 | 45.0 | 40.8 | 48.3 | 53.9 | 52.0 | 0.3063 | 33,300 | 10,886,500 |
101 | ![]() | Middle East and North Africa | 82.3 | 91.8 | 36.0 | 49.5 | 72.2 | 65.9 | 0.2919 | 84,200 | 28,828,870 |
102 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 47.0 | 70.0 | 51.9 | 49.6 | 56.0 | 53.7 | 0.2858 | 714,100 | 249,865,631 |
103 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 36.4 | 41.4 | 45.6 | 52.5 | 59.4 | 47.1 | 0.2655 | 261,200 | 98,393,574 |
104 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 68.2 | 30.8 | 38.9 | 21.4 | 42.3 | 39.0 | 0.2541 | 3,300 | 1,296,303 |
105 | ![]() | Europe | 50.5 | 63.7 | 39.6 | 44.2 | 62.9 | 50.9 | 0.2476 | 185,500 | 74,932,641 |
106 | ![]() | Russia and Eurasia | 57.6 | 46.0 | 38.9 | 61.1 | 40.0 | 48.0 | 0.2476 | 112,600 | 45,489,600 |
107 | ![]() | Europe | 22.2 | 45.0 | 36.3 | 48.4 | 56.3 | 40.9 | 0.2476 | 4,500 | 1,824,000 |
108 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 50.5 | 45.6 | 49.8 | 46.4 | 63.8 | 50.5 | 0.2476 | 4,100 | 1,671,711 |
109 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 57.6 | 91.9 | 42.2 | 46.2 | 53.3 | 59.0 | 0.2388 | 3,241,400 | 1,357,380,000 |
110 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 89.4 | 28.5 | 65.9 | 48.2 | 89.3 | 65.0 | 0.2300 | 16,800 | 7,321,262 |
111 | ![]() | Americas | 39.9 | 40.9 | 39.0 | 60.2 | 42.7 | 45.2 | 0.2182 | 266,900 | 122,332,399 |
112 | ![]() | Americas | 43.4 | 43.3 | 38.7 | 57.9 | 49.2 | 45.8 | 0.2182 | 105,400 | 48,321,405 |
113 | ![]() | Americas | 43.4 | 46.2 | 35.6 | 48.9 | 53.1 | 45.4 | 0.2182 | 66,300 | 30,375,603 |
114 | ![]() | Americas | 39.9 | 49.6 | 32.2 | 57.7 | 34.7 | 42.1 | 0.2182 | 34,300 | 15,737,878 |
115 | ![]() | Americas | 32.8 | 44.6 | 44.1 | 66.8 | 58.8 | 51.7 | 0.2182 | 33,800 | 15,468,203 |
116 | ![]() | Americas | 54.0 | 42.3 | 53.4 | 60.5 | 48.3 | 49.5 | 0.2182 | 23,300 | 10,671,200 |
117 | ![]() | Americas | 54.0 | 53.8 | 58.0 | 75.6 | 64.4 | 61.1 | 0.2182 | 17,700 | 8,097,688 |
118 | ![]() | Americas | 43.4 | 36.5 | 43.3 | 61.5 | 53.9 | 46.3 | 0.2182 | 14,800 | 6,802,295 |
119 | ![]() | Americas | 32.8 | 32.6 | 44.9 | 61.4 | 53.5 | 42.9 | 0.2182 | 13,800 | 6,340,454 |
120 | ![]() | Americas | 8.1 | 59.6 | 60.9 | 59.7 | 41.2 | 45.9 | 0.2182 | 13,300 | 6,080,478 |
121 | ![]() | Americas | 36.4 | 20.0 | 31.7 | 23.6 | 45.7 | 31.5 | 0.2095 | 36,900 | 17,619,708 |
122 | ![]() | Americas | 54.0 | 22.5 | 34.6 | 39.1 | 24.5 | 34.2 | 0.2095 | 10,200 | 4,872,166 |
123 | ![]() | Americas | 68.2 | 28.0 | 35.6 | 46.8 | 42.6 | 42.1 | 0.2095 | 8,100 | 3,864,170 |
124 | ![]() | Americas | 57.6 | 14.6 | 31.3 | 33.6 | 26.8 | 31.4 | 0.2095 | 7,100 | 3,407,062 |
125 | ![]() | Americas | 43.4 | 76.4 | 38.3 | 73.7 | 35.0 | 52.7 | 0.2002 | 60,900 | 30,405,207 |
126 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 43.4 | 24.8 | 38.2 | 46.9 | 55.6 | 43.3 | 0.2001 | 106,000 | 52,981,991 |
127 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 61.1 | 17.6 | 23.4 | 11.4 | 40.0 | 29.9 | 0.1865 | 237,500 | 127,338,621 |
128 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 22.2 | 39.2 | 30.8 | 30.5 | 36.0 | 30.3 | 0.1865 | 93,700 | 50,219,669 |
129 | ![]() | Americas | 25.8 | 30.7 | 30.3 | 46.5 | 21.3 | 29.5 | 0.1865 | 77,300 | 41,446,246 |
130 | ![]() | Europe | 1.0 | 21.7 | 27.1 | 22.2 | 48.2 | 25.5 | 0.1865 | 71,900 | 38,530,725 |
131 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 64.6 | 3.5 | 21.1 | 10.9 | 25.2 | 25.0 | 0.1865 | 13,400 | 7,187,500 |
132 | ![]() | Americas | 47.0 | 54.3 | 41.2 | 60.5 | 59.3 | 51.7 | 0.1754 | 18,200 | 10,403,761 |
133 | ![]() | Americas | 64.6 | 27.7 | 36.2 | 41.5 | 36.8 | 42.8 | 0.1690 | 2,300 | 1,341,151 |
134 | ![]() | Americas | 36.4 | 23.9 | 54.9 | 54.5 | 49.7 | 41.7 | 0.1548 | 4,200 | 2,715,000 |
135 | ![]() | Americas | 57.6 | 17.5 | 42.3 | 23.1 | 42.3 | 38.5 | 0.1488 | 400 | 284,644 |
136 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 78.8 | 68.5 | 54.4 | 67.3 | 56.0 | 63.6 | 0.1464 | 64,900 | 44,353,691 |
137 | ![]() | Sub-Saharan Africa | 64.6 | 64.8 | 79.8 | 59.0 | 58.0 | 67.4 | 0.1326 | 30,400 | 22,924,851 |
138 | ![]() | Russia and Eurasia | 64.6 | 97.3 | 36.4 | 54.5 | 34.7 | 56.8 | 0.1215 | 11,500 | 9,466,000 |
139 | ![]() | Europe | 25.8 | 50.1 | 34.8 | 42.8 | 40.6 | 38.1 | 0.1132 | 22,600 | 19,963,581 |
140 | ![]() | Europe | 43.4 | 34.8 | 30.0 | 38.8 | 45.1 | 37.7 | 0.1132 | 2,300 | 2,013,385 |
141 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 22.2 | 51.9 | 28.2 | 16.8 | 59.4 | 35.1 | 0.0998 | 5,400 | 5,399,200 |
142 | ![]() | Middle East and North Africa | 29.3 | 43.9 | 28.7 | 32.0 | 58.4 | 37.8 | 0.0806 | 6,500 | 8,059,400 |
143 | ![]() | Americas | 22.2 | 28.0 | 33.3 | 50.2 | 42.5 | 34.6 | 0.0775 | 155,300 | 200,361,925 |
144 | ![]() | Americas | 68.2 | 97.3 | 51.6 | 44.8 | 1.0 | 55.5 | 0.0362 | 4,100 | 11,265,629 |
145 | ![]() | Americas | 8.1 | 17.9 | 22.2 | 26.1 | 25.4 | 19.9 | 0.0190 | 60,100 | 316,128,839 |
146 | ![]() | Europe | 32.8 | 21.9 | 24.0 | 38.1 | 31.3 | 29.6 | 0.0190 | 11,400 | 59,831,093 |
147 | ![]() | Europe | 11.6 | 24.7 | 25.1 | 14.4 | 12.2 | 17.6 | 0.0130 | 10,500 | 80,621,788 |
148 | ![]() | Europe | 25.8 | 25.8 | 28.0 | 21.0 | 23.9 | 22.8 | 0.0130 | 8,600 | 66,028,467 |
149 | ![]() | Europe | 8.1 | 10.3 | 17.1 | 18.4 | 17.6 | 15.1 | 0.0130 | 8,300 | 64,097,085 |
150 | ![]() | Europe | 15.1 | 27.9 | 22.8 | 22.6 | 17.6 | 22.7 | 0.0130 | 6,100 | 46,647,421 |
151 | ![]() | Americas | 8.1 | 16.8 | 25.4 | 11.2 | 19.7 | 15.5 | 0.0130 | 4,600 | 35,158,304 |
152 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 11.6 | 28.4 | 17.1 | 27.7 | 28.9 | 22.7 | 0.0130 | 3,000 | 23,340,000 |
153 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 11.6 | 2.9 | 24.8 | 13.5 | 15.1 | 11.5 | 0.0130 | 3,000 | 23,130,900 |
154 | ![]() | Europe | 11.6 | 9.2 | 25.1 | 13.5 | 8.4 | 11.4 | 0.0130 | 2,200 | 16,804,224 |
155 | ![]() | Europe | 4.5 | 18.1 | 26.8 | 14.9 | 15.9 | 16.0 | 0.0130 | 1,500 | 11,195,138 |
156 | ![]() | Europe | 36.4 | 49.8 | 30.2 | 43.3 | 50.9 | 41.4 | 0.0130 | 1,400 | 11,032,328 |
157 | ![]() | Europe | 18.7 | 13.0 | 28.2 | 17.0 | 29.7 | 21.4 | 0.0130 | 1,400 | 10,459,806 |
158 | ![]() | Europe | 8.1 | 15.7 | 26.5 | 10.1 | 10.9 | 13.5 | 0.0130 | 1,200 | 9,592,552 |
159 | ![]() | Europe | 4.5 | 17.3 | 23.9 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.9 | 0.0130 | 1,100 | 8,473,786 |
160 | ![]() | Europe | 32.8 | 23.3 | 21.1 | 10.6 | 25.5 | 22.0 | 0.0130 | 1,100 | 8,081,482 |
161 | ![]() | Europe | 43.4 | 16.8 | 25.2 | 3.5 | 6.2 | 18.4 | 0.0130 | 700 | 5,613,706 |
162 | ![]() | Europe | 4.5 | 22.2 | 26.2 | 8.9 | 14.4 | 16.0 | 0.0130 | 700 | 5,439,407 |
163 | ![]() | Europe | 11.6 | 16.0 | 25.6 | 7.8 | 2.5 | 11.3 | 0.0130 | 700 | 5,084,190 |
164 | ![]() | Asia Pacific | 15.1 | 8.6 | 26.6 | 6.6 | 6.8 | 12.7 | 0.0130 | 600 | 4,470,800 |
165 | ![]() | Europe | 32.8 | 2.4 | 10.9 | 9.9 | 21.6 | 17.0 | 0.0130 | <100 | 543,202 |
166 | ![]() | Europe | 18.7 | 18.1 | 27.1 | 16.7 | 19.5 | 20.7 | 0.0070 | 300 | 4,595,281 |
167 | ![]() | Europe | 54.0 | 19.0 | 22.4 | 12.1 | 3.0 | 20.0 | 0.0070 | <100 | 323,002 |
Global Slavery Index 2013
The following is a ranking of the top 30 countries/territories in order of the lowest prevalence of modern slavery. The full rankings can be found in the Walk Free Foundation's website.[11]
1. Iceland,
Ireland,
United Kingdom
4. New Zealand
5. Austria,
Belgium,
Denmark,
Finland,
Greece,
Luxembourg,
Norway,
Sweden,
Switzerland
14. Cuba
15. Portugal,
Spain
17. Costa Rica
18. Panama
19. Canada
20. Mauritius
22. Singapore
23. Hong Kong
24. France,
Netherlands
25. Australia
26. South Korea
27. Germany
28. Barbados
29. United States
30. Trinidad and Tobago
31. Italy
32. Latvia
33. Japan
References
- ↑ "Global Slavery Index". Walk Free Foundation. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
- ↑ "Government Response". globalslaveryindex.silk.co.
- ↑ "Using Surveys to Estimate Prevalence of Modern Slavery" (PDF).
- 1 2 Datta, Monti Narayan; Bales, Kevin (November 2013). "Slavery in Europe: Part 1, Estimating the Dark Figure". Human Rights Quarterly. 35 (4): 818–829. doi:10.1353/hrq.2013.0051. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- ↑ Jacqueline Joudo Larsen, Monti Narayan Datta and Kevin Bales, "Modern Slavery", Significance, Volume 12, Issue 5, pages 22–43, October 2015
- ↑ Walk Free Foundation. "Methodology" (PDF). The Global Slavery Index. Walk Free Foundation. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- ↑ Andrew Guth, Robyn Anderson, Kasey Kinnard and Hang Tran, Proper Methodology and Methods of Collecting and Analyzing Slavery Data: An Examination of the Global Slavery Index, in Social Inclusion (open access journal), Vol. 2, No 4 (2014), pp. 14-22, article posted on the Cogitatio website on 17 November 2014: "The Global Slavery Index aims to, among other objectives, recognize the forms, size, and scope of slavery worldwide as well as the strengths and weaknesses of individual countries. An analysis of the Index’s methods exposes significant and critical weaknesses and raises questions into its replicability and validity" (summary of the article) - "The formation and implementation of sound policy is not possible without sound data. The methodology and methods used in the Index are currently inadequate and therefore the Index cannot be validated or replicated. Furthermore, the publicity given to the Index is leading to the use of this poor data not only by popular culture and reputable magazines and news organizations [...], but also by academic journals and high level policy makers [...], which can lead to inaccurate policy formulation and a compounding of harm [...]" (p. 19).
- ↑ "Economist Online: Performance indices - International comparisons are popular, influential—and sometimes flawed". http://www.economist.com. Retrieved 2014-11-16. External link in
|publisher=
(help) - ↑ "GSI 2014 Global Data and codebook". The Global Slavery Index. Walk Free Foundation. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
- ↑ Direct download of XLS table: GSI 2014 Global Data and codebook
- ↑ "Walk Free Foundation – Global Slavery Index 2013 | Home - Walk Free Foundation - Global Slavery Index 2013". globalslaveryindex.org. Retrieved 2014-06-05.