GAZ-24

Volga GAZ-24
Overview
Manufacturer GAZ
Also called
  • Scaldia-Volga M24
  • Scaldia-Volga M24D
Production
  • GAZ-2401: 1970–1985
  • GAZ-2402: 1971–1985 (5-door station wagon)
  • GAZ-2410: 1985–1992
Body and chassis
Class Executive car
Chronology
Predecessor Volga GAZ-21
Successor Volga GAZ-3102
1974 and 1978 Volgas - represent two generations of GAZ-24 Volga

The Volga GAZ-24 (pronounced Volga; nickname Barja (Barge)) is an automobile manufactured by the Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (GAZ, Gorky Automobile Plant) from 1970 to 1985 as a generation of its Volga marque. A largely redesigned version (practically, a new car in modified old body) - GAZ-24-10 - was produced from 1985 to 1992. It was sold as the Scaldia-Volga M24 and M24D in the Western European market.

1967-69

M-24 prototype (photo dated 1967). Some prototypes had quad headlights. First prototypes were built in 1966.
"Pre-serial" Volga depicted on Soviet 1971 10 kopeks post stamp

Development of the GAZ-24 (then called M-24) finished in 1966 when several prototypes were built. The Volga GAZ-24 was unveiled towards the end of 1967.[1] However, only 32 units were built in 1968,]]).[2] primarily for road tests, with another 215 units built in 1969.[3] 1968/69-built Volgas are often called "pre-serial" because full-scale manufacturing started only in 1970 (18,486 units built). Distinctive feature of the very first several prototypes were two outside rearview mirrors fixed on front fenders. Most of the pre-serial and all serial cars got one mirror placed on front left door .

The GAZ-24 was developed to replace outdated Volga GAZ-21 developed in 1950s. The new Volga had a longer wheelbase (2,800 mm (110 in)) than the GAZ-21 (2700 mm (106 in), but slightly shorter overall length (4,735 mm (186.4 in) compared to 4,810 mm (189 in)) ) and was substantially lower ((1,490 mm (59 in)) compared to 1,620 mm (64 in)). Width remained untouched. Long wheelbase, boxier styling, bucket seats with lower bases and flat roof made the new Volga generously sized inside, with comfortable five- or six-passenger seating. The car was designed to last for years in severe road conditions, and its reinforced unibody construction gave the Volga extra weight if compared to foreign analogs. Yet power steering was not even an option, and it gained the nickname "barzha" (barge).[3]

Standard engine was aluminium-block overhead valve 2,445 cc (149.2 cu in) ZMZ 24D inline-four producing 95 hp (71 kW; 96 PS) with one twin-choke carburetor. Only a four-speed manual transmission with floor-mounted shifter was offered (though GAZ did prototype an automatic, a column-shift manual, and a three-speed manual with overdrive).[4]

The GAZ-21 trim lines ("standard" and "improved") were dropped, all GAZ-24 Volgas had similar trim. No specific options or extras were listed, but standard equipment included self-adjusting power drum brakes with front/rear split brake system, three-wave radio with power antenna, interior safety padding, central armrests (both front and rear), alternator, three-speed windshield wiper and foot-operated windshield washer, heater with defroster, rear window defogger, electric clock, and trunk and engine compartment lights. Early cars had "ribbon" speedometers , with gauges that filled up with red, in a thermometer fashion. The interior was available in three colours - red, brown or light gray. The dashboard was made of aluminium and painted in exterior colour, the upper part covered with safety padding and black vinyl.

The Volga's styling was rather conventional and American inspired. Some features were thematically quite similar to those on the GAZ-21 such as vertical tail lights, so called "baleen plates" grille, tiny fins on rear fenders. One of the most recognizable feature of the GAZ-24 Volga sedan styling are chromed rhombic vents on the C-pillar . Among another distinctive features can be mentioned dashboard handles with "ivory" plastic inserts , two chromed "fangs" under front bumper , large two spoke steering wheel and large chromed parking brake handle placed under the dashboard on the right.

Interior colour selection was so haphazard, it was a standing joke the choice was made based on whatever was immediately at hand.[5] Official cars were almost always black outside and red inside.[5]

1970-74

The GAZ-24 was displayed at the London Motor Show in 1970.[6] Full-scale manufacturing started 15 July 1970.[7] Export sales began in 1971.[6] During 1970-74 the Volga remained almost unchanged. Only minor modifications took place in 1972-73, when the car got new trunk decklid lock, flat ashtrays in rear doors instead of early ashtrays that were built in rear doors armrests, new rear bumper and new radio with more pleasant appearance and modified construction. In 1973 dashboard with simulated wood insert appeared (also there was a "silver" grained finish, used until 1974). After 1973, the ignition switch was moved from the dashboard to under the steering wheel to prevent knee injuries in road accidents, although that was inconvenient for the driver. Also in 1974, the Volga got additional C-pillar parking lights on(something like opera lights). The 24-01 was joined in 1977 by the 24-07, which was fitted to use liquified propane.[6]

The original strip speedometer was changed to dial 1975, the same year the ignition switch was moved from the dash to the steering column.[5] Beginning in 1977, seatbelts began to be offered.[5]

In 1978, about 1000 right-hand drive 24-56s were built for export to India, Pakistan, and Singapore; powered by the Peugeot XDP 4.90 engine, they were not assembled in Belgium, and were the last right-hand drive vehicles GAZ built.[5]

The Volga was a status symbol in the Soviet Union, being large and luxurious, with a three-band radio. Unlike the GAZ-21, however, for most of its production lifetime, it was not commonly available to the public;[5] those that were sold required a special permit to purchase them.[8] This would not begin to change until the 1980s.[8]

First generation (1968–77)
Overview
Production 1970–1977
Body and chassis
Body style
  • 4-door sedan
  • 4-door wagon
  • 4-door convertible
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
  • 4-speed manual
  • 3-speed automatic (V8 only)
Dimensions
Wheelbase 110.24 in (2,800 mm)
Length 186.4 in (4,735 mm)
Width 70.86 in (1,800 mm)
Height 58.66 in (1,490 mm)
Curb weight 1,420 kg (3,131 lb)
Volga Estate

Taxicab

Volga cars were almost the only taxi cabs in the USSR. In 1971, the GAZ-24-01 taxi was introduced.[6] It had cheap and easy-to-wash all-vinyl interior,[9] low compression ZMZ 24-01 engine (85 hp, SAE 95 hp) able to run on 76 octane fuel (most commonly available in the Soviet Union),[6] taximeter under the dash, and distinctive checkerboard stripe on front doors. At first, Volga taxicabs were painted in different light colors; later, most taxicabs were painted in lime-yellow.[10] The GAZ-24 is still famous for fantastic roadworthiness and durability. Volga taxicabs often have more than 1,000,000 km (620,000 mi) on their odometers, and several engine rebuilds. Taxicab drivers nicknamed GAZ-24 sedan "The Shrimp" due to its slim (compared to the GAZ-21, nicknamed "The Holy Cow") appearance and two "fangs" under front bumper that resembled shrimp's claws. Wagon taxicabs GAZ-24-04 (station wagons were used as cargo taxies) were nicknamed "The Shed" due to vast interior space; they had a payload of 400 kg (880 lb), thanks to stiffer rear springs.[6]

Station wagon and ambulance

In 1972, the GAZ-24-02 4-door station wagon was introduced, fitted with three rows of seats.[6] However, Volga wagons were not sold to private owners without special permit. For example, families with many children or sportsmen who had to carry heavy sport equipment (like parachutes) were allowed to purchase a Volga wagon. Famous clown and actor Yuri Nikulin was permitted to own a GAZ-24-02 wagon because he often transported heavy circus equipment. This restriction came from small volume of GAZ-24-02 production. Wagons were primarily used by hospitals (as ambulances), state-owned shops and taxi companies, Militsiya, GAI, post offices and other state enterprises. The wagon was sold freely in export markets.

The GAZ-24-02 had generous interior area with 3 rows of seats and 7-8-passenger seating. Area behind the front seat could be converted into spacious one-level cargo compartment. 24-02 had heavy-duty rear leaf springs (six leaves as opposed to the sedan's five) and could carry up to 400 kg (880 lb), thanks to stiffer rear springs.[6]

The GAZ-24-04[11] was a taxicab breed of Volga station wagon with distinctive features similar to sedan taxicab.

Ambulance modification GAZ-24-03 was introduced in 1973.

Convertible

The GAZ never built GAZ-24 convertibles. All convertibles were produced by a military plant in the city of Bronnitsy. They were used for military parades.

Pickup truck

GAZ-24-95

Volga-based pickup trucks were built by different car repairing plants all over the country. Exteriors differed.

4x4 version

During the winter of 1973-74, five AWD GAZ-24-95s were built.[12] It used a UAZ transfer case, with a heavily modified floorpan. The front axle ended up being a Volga rear axle turned backwards, attached to UAZ joints for the steering, with front leaf springs (on stronger frame rails, to carry the greater load).[12] The sump also had to be modified.[12] In all, the changes added 90 kilograms (200 lb).[12] Some disadvantages were discovered during the tests and this modification remained experimental. One survives in the GAZ plant's museum, another perhaps in private hands in Nizhny Novgorod.[12]

1975-76

In 1975 the car was slightly modified. It got another, more conventional speedometer , more convenient outside rearview mirror. Engine cooling system was modified to use antifreeze instead of water.

V8-powered version

GAZ-24-34 V8 ZMZ-505.10 engine. GAZ-24-24 had almost the same engine (called ZMZ-2424), 24-34 is a later development of 24-24 produced after 1985

From late 1974, a V8 powered version was produced in small numbers, the GAZ 24-24.[12] It had aluminium 190 hp (140 kW) 5,530 cc (337 cu in) OHV ZMZ 503.10 V8,[12] dual exhaust, 3-speed automatic transmission (same as the Chaika), power steering, modified suspension, and a 105 L (28 US gal; 23 imp gal) fuel tank, but the same drum brakes of the standard Volga.[12] This modification is sometimes designated "device 2424", and was nicknamed "The Double" (for having a V8, rather than a straight four)[6] and "Chaser" (Russian: догонялка, dogonyalka). "Device 2424" was used by the KGB as interceptor and security car. The main function of the "2424" was an outrider vehicle accompanying governmental Chaika and ZIL limousines.

1977-85

Second generation (1977-85)
Overview
Production 1977–1985
Body and chassis
Body style
  • 4-door sedan
  • 4-door wagon
Powertrain
Engine
  • 2.5 L ZMZ-2401 I4
  • 5.5 L ZMZ-2424 V8
Transmission
  • 4-speed manual
  • 3-speed automatic (V8 only)
Dimensions
Wheelbase 110.24 in (2,800 mm)
Length 187.4 in (4,760 mm)
Width 70.86 in (1,800 mm)
Height 58.66 in (1,490 mm)
Curb weight 1,420 kg (3,131 lb)

In 1976-78 the car was completely refreshed. To improve the safety, bumperguards, yellow front fog lamps , secondary turning signals on front fenders and seat belts (both front and rear) became standard equipment. The car got modified interior. New dashboard consisted of aluminium body and two pieces of soft polyurethane foam padding. Upper door panels had the same construction. Lower door panels were completely different from the previous version. Seats got more convenient vinyl-and-cloth upholstery with cloth seat cushion. Due to installation of seatbelts front central armrest was eliminated. New interior was available in red, brown, yellow, lime green, dark green, dark blue, or black. Interior trim became non-reflective.

Olympiad '80

For the 1980 Summer Olympics a special fleet of Volga sedans and station wagons was built with special two-tone white and yellow paint . They accompanied the Olympic Torch. The color scheme was chosen by the local Moscow organizers, not the IOC- that year's Winter Games fleet was light blue (Ford products).

GAZ-24-10

GAZ-24-10

From 1985 to 1992 GAZ produced an improved version, simplified for large-scale manufacturing - GAZ-24-10. This car was GAZ-24 body with improved 98 hp (73 kW) engine, revised mechanicals, heavily modified interior and many exterior differences (different headlights, flush door handles reducing the risk of pedestrian injury , ventless front doors, bumpers without bumper guards, plastic grille, plastic "aerodynamic" hubcaps, fewer bright metal parts, and so on). Also GAZ-24-12 station wagon, GAZ-24-11 taxicab and other versions were produced.

Derivative models

RAF-2203 "Latvija" van by Rīgas Autobusu Fabrika (in production 1976-97) was based on drivetrain and suspensions of GAZ-24 Volga.

GAZ-3102 Volga (produced since 1982) and almost all later GAZ passenger cars (31029, 3110, 31105) use central body shell of GAZ-24.

International variants

Wolga GAZ 24 of the East German Volkspolizei.

The GAZ-24 Volga was exported to many countries, from Indonesia and Latin America to Western Europe. Right-hand-drive export versions also existed. In Europe, one of the most popular Volgas were cars, both sedans and wagons, assembled in Belgium by Scaldia-Volga.[13] These cars were shipped to Belgium without engines, where they were fitted with Indenor diesels (the same as in the Peugeot 404),[14] a 2.1 litre unit with 62 PS (46 kW) until the 2300 D was introduced for 1980. The 2.3 litre XD2 has 70 PS (51 kW).[15] Those models were called M24D and M24DB (Break, station wagon), and there was also a "Luxe" version. Standard Volgas with Soviet gas engines were sold as M24 and M24B (Break). Cars that were sold in Europe often had such features as metallic paint, simulated vinyl roof, leather interior and other luxuries. Station wagons sometimes had simulated "wood" decoration and often a rear window wiper and heater. These features were usually installed by local European GAZ dealers.

The petrol engine began disappearing from western European price lists towards the end of the 1970s. The Volga offered good value for money, with the retail price being lower than that of a Volkswagen Golf Diesel - however, the resale value was abysmal.[16] By late 1983, Belgian Volgas were also no longer available with sedan bodywork. The Diesel Break came either as the "N" (Normale) or the better equipped "GL".[17]

References

  1. ↑ "GAZ-24 Volga". L'Auto-Journal: Le Salon de l'auto 1974. Numero Special: Page 180. September 1974.
  2. ↑ Thompson, Andy. Cars of the Soviet Union (Haynes Publishing, Somerset, UK, 2008), p.131
  3. 1 2 Thompson, p.131
  4. ↑ Thompson, p.130.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Thompson, p.134.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Thompson, p.132.
  7. ↑ Thompson, p.131.
  8. 1 2 Thompson, p.135.
  9. ↑
  10. ↑
  11. ↑ Vektaxi
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Thompson, p.133.
  13. ↑
  14. ↑ Thompson, pp.131-132.
  15. ↑ Le Moniteur de l'Automobile (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Editions Auto-Magazine. 34 (784): 61. 1983-12-15. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  16. ↑ Rombauts, Walter, ed. (1979-09-15). "Prijzen nieuwe wagens" [New car prices]. Keesings Auto Magazine (in Flemish). Antwerp, Belgium. 2 (17): 65.
  17. ↑ Le Moniteur de l'Automobile (1983-12-15), p. 82
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